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de Melo SN, Soeiro Barbosa D, Câmara DCP, César Simões T, Buzanovsky LP, Sousa Duarte AG, Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Cardoso DT, Edel Donato L, Werneck GL, Bruhn FRP, Silva Belo V. Tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil: priority municipalities and spatiotemporal relative risks from 2001 to 2020. Pathog Glob Health 2024; 118:418-428. [PMID: 38904099 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2367442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the distribution of tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in different periods enables the adequate conduction of actions at the public health level. The present study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of TL incidence rates in the municipalities of Brazil and identifies priority areas from 2001 to 2020. Notifications of new cases were analyzed employing space-time scan statistics and Local Indicators of Spatial Association. As TL incidence rates presented a downward trend in most Brazilian municipalities, spatiotemporal clusters of high relative risks (RR) were more frequent in the first decade of the series. There was a concentration of those clusters in the North and Northeast regions, mainly in the Legal Amazon area. More recent high-RR areas were identified in municipalities of different regions. The number of priority municipalities showed a stable trend in Brazil. There was a great concentration of such municipalities in the states of Acre, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Pará, and Amapá, as well as large areas in Roraima, Amazonas, Maranhão, and Tocantins, and smaller areas in the states of Goiás, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Paraná. The present study contributes to the understanding of the historical evolution of TL in Brazil and subsidizes actions to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Nascimento de Melo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - David Soeiro Barbosa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Nilce Silveira Maia-Elkhoury
- Communicable Diseases, Prevention, Control & Elimination (CDE) - VT, Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tavares Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Edel Donato
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Silva Belo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
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Belo VS, Bruhn FRP, Barbosa DS, Câmara DCP, Simões TC, Buzanovsky LP, Duarte AGS, de Melo SN, Cardoso DT, Donato LE, Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Werneck GL. Temporal patterns, spatial risks, and characteristics of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Brazil in the first twenty years of the 21st Century. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011405. [PMID: 37285388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a significant public health issue in Brazil. The present ecological study describes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TL cases reported in the country, and analyzes the spatial and temporal patterns of the incidences and risks of occurrence across the five geopolitical regions and 27 federative units. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Data regarding new cases of TL notified between 2001 and 2020 were obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Joinpoint and spatial and temporal generalized additive models were used to establish trends in the evolution of TL during the target period. The incidence rate for the entire period was 226.41 cases/100,000 inhabitants. All regions of Brazil showed trends of decreasing incidence rates, albeit with fluctuations at specific times, with the exception of the Southeast where rates have increased since 2014, most particularly in Minas Gerais state. The disease was concentrated predominantly in the North region, with Acre state leading the incidence rank in the whole country, followed by Mato Grosso (Midwest), Maranhão and Bahia (Northeast) states. The spatial distribution of the risk of TL occurrence in relation to the annual averages was relatively stable throughout the period. The cutaneous form of TL was predominant and cases most frequently occurred in rural areas and among men of working age. The ages of individuals contracting TL tended to increase during the time series. Finally, the proportion of confirmations by laboratory tests was lower in the Northeast. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE TL shows a declining trend in Brazil, but its widespread occurrence and the presence of areas with increasing incidence rates demonstrate the persistent relevance of this disease and the need for constant monitoring. Our findings reinforce the importance of temporal and spatial tools in epidemiologic surveillance routines and are valuable for targeting preventive and control actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Silva Belo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fábio Raphael Pascoti Bruhn
- Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - David Soeiro Barbosa
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cardoso Portela Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunologia Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taynãna César Simões
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lia Puppim Buzanovsky
- Centro Pan-Americano de Febre Aftosa, Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Gabryela Sousa Duarte
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Saulo Nascimento de Melo
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo Tavares Cardoso
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Afonso RC, Yien RMK, de Siqueira LBDO, Simas NK, Dos Santos Matos AP, Ricci-Júnior E. Promising natural products for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Exp Parasitol 2023; 251:108554. [PMID: 37268108 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although there are available treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the drugs used are far from ideal, toxic, and costly, in addition to the challenge faced by the development of resistance. Plants have been used as a source of natural compounds with antileishmanial action. However, few have reached the market and become phytomedicines with registration in regulatory agencies. Difficulties related to the extraction, purification, chemical identification, efficacy, safety, and production in sufficient quantity for clinical studies, hinder the emergence of new effective phytomedicines against leishmaniasis. Despite the difficulties reported, the major research centers in the world see that natural products are a trend concerning the treatment of leishmaniasis. The present work consists of a literature review of articles with in vivo studies, covering the period from January 2011 to December 2022, providing an overview of promising natural products for CL treatment. The papers show encouraging antileishmanial action of natural compounds with reduced parasite load and lesion size in animal models, suggesting new strategies for the treatment of the disease. The results reported in this review show advances in using natural products as safe and effective formulations, which can stimulate clinical studies to establish clinical therapy. In conclusion, the information in this review article serves as a preliminary basis for establishing a therapeutic protocol for future clinical trials that can validate the safety and efficacy of natural compounds, providing the development of affordable and safe phytomedicines for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhuane Coutinho Afonso
- Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raíssa Mara Kao Yien
- Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Department of Natural Products and Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Naomi Kato Simas
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Department of Natural Products and Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dos Santos Matos
- Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Júnior
- Galenic Development Laboratory (LADEG), Department of Drugs and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Carvalho CDP, Luz JGG, de Carvalho AG, Carvalho RDP, Pires HHR, Dias JVL. "It's not all about the disease": do treatment and socioeconomic status affect perceived impact and satisfaction of patients treated for cutaneous leishmaniasis? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2023; 56:e0253. [PMID: 36820654 PMCID: PMC9957146 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0253-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study compared the general impact of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and patient satisfaction with treatment and health services as perceived by those undergoing different therapeutic regimens in an endemic region in South-Eastern Brazil. We also investigated the factors associated with both outcomes (general impact and satisfaction). METHODS We included 84 patients with CL treated between 2018 and 2019 with intravenous meglumine antimoniate, liposomal amphotericin B, or intralesional meglumine antimoniate therapy. Data were collected through interviews that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity status, access and use of health services for CL diagnosis and treatment, and the items of the Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Impact Questionnaire (CLIQ). The CLIQ is a psychometric questionnaire previously validated to assess the general impact of CL on patient satisfaction with treatment and health services. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with high CL impact and low patient satisfaction. RESULTS The general impact of CL and patient satisfaction with treatment and health services were not significantly associated with the therapeutic regimen. High CL impact was associated with low family income (odds ratio [OR]:3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.0-10.3), occurrence of complications/adverse effects during treatment (OR:7.7; 95%CI:2.4-25.6), and additional costs during diagnosis and/or treatment (OR:12.1; 95% CI:2.8-52.4). Low satisfaction was associated with high disease impact (OR: 9.5; 95% CI:2.7-33.9), occurrence of complications/adverse effects (OR:4.2; 95% CI:1.3-13.0), and high family income (OR:7.1; 95%CI:1.7-28.2). CONCLUSIONS Our data support public health policies aimed at reducing the impact of CL and its treatment as well as the use of therapy with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Di Pietro Carvalho
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Superintendência Regional de Saúde, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Renata Di Pietro Carvalho
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - Herton Helder Rocha Pires
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - João Victor Leite Dias
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente, Diamantina, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, Brasil
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Ursine RL, Rocha MF, Neto FC, Leite ME, Dolabela Falcão L, Gorla DE, de Carvalho SFG, Vieira TM. Influence of anthropic changes and environmental characteristics on the occurrence of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2012 and 2019. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106787. [PMID: 36462530 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This is an ecological study that investigated the influence of environmental, socioeconomic characteristics and changes in land use and cover on the occurrence of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (TL) in the city of Montes Claros. The relationships between the number of cases of TL, which occurred between 2012 and 2019, in each census sector and the standardized covariates (Number of properties, altitude, Brazilian Deprivation Index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), proportion of sector (PS) deforested, PS that underwent other anthropic alterations and unaltered PS) were evaluated with ecological Bayesian Models. Four multivariate models were constructed, with similar quality of adjustments, but Model 1 was the most parsimonious. Model 1 revealed that for each one-unit increase of standard deviation (SD) in the log of the number of properties, at the altitude and root of the deforested PS, corresponds to an increase of 44%, 34% and 24.5% in the number of cases of TL, respectively. The variable NDVI, included in models 3 and 4, was positively associated with the increase in the number of TL cases, being that for each one-unit increase in the NDVI was verified an increase of 21.3% and 20.2% respectively in the models. This study showed that the spatial distribution of TL cases in the city of Montes Claros occurs in a heterogeneous way and our findings support the hypothesis that socio-environmental characteristics and deforestation influence the occurrence of this disease in the studied area. Thus, these factors must be considered for the development of disease control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Luiz Ursine
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, C.P. 39401-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, C.P. 39.100 - 000, Brazil.
| | - Marília Fonseca Rocha
- Department of Mental Health and Health collective, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, C.P. 39401-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Esdras Leite
- Department of Geography, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, C.P. 39401-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Dolabela Falcão
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. C.P. 39401-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Eladio Gorla
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Grupo de Ecologia y Control de Vectores, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | | | - Thallyta Maria Vieira
- Post Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, C.P. 39401-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. C.P. 39401-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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[Synthesis of evidence and recommendations: guideline for the treatment of leishmaniasis in the Region of the AmericasSíntese de evidências e recomendações: diretrizes para o tratamento das leishmanioses na Região das Américas]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2023; 47:e43. [PMID: 37123638 PMCID: PMC10135436 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2023.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leishmaniasis continues to be a neglected infectious disease of great importance, mainly affecting the poorest people with the least access to health services. In the Americas, it is a public health problem due to its magnitude, wide geographical distribution, and levels of morbidity and mortality. Objective Summarize the recommendations included in Guideline for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis in the Region of the Americas, published by the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, in order to provide adequate management of patients diagnosed with leishmaniasis, reduce clinical complications and deaths caused by drug toxicity, reduce the lethality of visceral leishmaniasis, and address key aspects of implementation of the guidelines. Methods The guideline and its recommendations were summarized and a systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Lilacs, Health Systems Evidence, Epistemonikos, and gray literature for other studies conducted in the Region of the Americas, in order to identify barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies. Results Recommendations are presented, addressing the pharmacological treatment of patients diagnosed with cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas, as well as case management and secondary prophylaxis in patients coinfected with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV, and patients with other diseases that cause immunosuppression. Conclusions The recommendations aim to provide the government entities and health professionals that care for leishmaniasis patients in the Americas with knowledge on management of the disease. Barriers are discussed (related to human resources, knowledge of guidelines, inputs, costs, access, and patient access), as well as facilitators and strategies to support implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Organización Panamericana de la Salud
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludWashington, D.C.Estados Unidos de AméricaOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América.
- Ludovic Reveiz,
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Winck GR, Raimundo RLG, Fernandes-Ferreira H, Bueno MG, D’Andrea PS, Rocha FL, Cruz GLT, Vilar EM, Brandão M, Cordeiro JLP, Andreazzi CS. Socioecological vulnerability and the risk of zoonotic disease emergence in Brazil. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5774. [PMID: 35767624 PMCID: PMC9242594 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, outbreaks of zoonotic diseases (ZDs) result from intertwined ecological, socioeconomic, and demographic processes that shape conditions for (i) increased contact between vulnerable human population and wildlife in areas undergoing environmental degradation and (ii) the rapid geographic spread of infections across socially vulnerable regions. In Brazil, recent increases in environmental and social vulnerabilities, amplified by economic and political crises, are potential triggers for outbreaks. We discuss Brazilian features that favor outbreaks and show a novel quantitative method for zoonotic risk assessment. Using data on nine ZDs from 2001 to 2019, we found that the most significant causal variables were vegetation cover and city remoteness. Furthermore, 8 of 27 states presented low-level risk of ZD outbreaks. Given the ZD-bushmeat connection, we identified central hunted mammals that should be surveilled to prevent spillover events. The current challenge is to coordinate intersectoral collaboration for effective One Health management in megadiverse countries with high social vulnerability and growing environmental degradation like Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele R. Winck
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Reservoir Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael L. G. Raimundo
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Environmental Monitoring, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil
| | - Hugo Fernandes-Ferreira
- Terrestrial Vertebrate Conservation Lab (Converte), State University of Ceará (UECE), Quixadá, CE, Brazil
| | - Marina G. Bueno
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology (LVCA), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. D’Andrea
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Reservoir Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiana L. Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Center for Species Survival Brazil and Conservation Planning Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission (SSC), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriella L. T. Cruz
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Reservoir Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Martha Brandão
- Vice Presidency of Production and Innovation in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luís P. Cordeiro
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Eusébio, CE, Brazil
- Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
- International Platform for Science, Technology, and Innovation in Health (PICTIS), Fiocruz and Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cecilia S. Andreazzi
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Reservoir Mammals (LABPMR), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- International Platform for Science, Technology, and Innovation in Health (PICTIS), Fiocruz and Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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The influence of social and economic environment on health. One Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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9
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Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Magalhães Lima D, Salomón OD, Puppim Buzanovsky L, Saboyá-Díaz MI, Valadas SY, Sanchez-Vazquez MJ. Interaction between environmental and socioeconomic determinants for cutaneous leishmaniasis risk in Latin America. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e83. [PMID: 34220995 PMCID: PMC8238258 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine and characterize potential risk areas for the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Latin America (LA). METHOD Ecological observational study with observation units defined by municipalities with CL transmission between 2014-2018. Environmental and socioeconomic variables available for at least 85% of the municipalities were used, combined in a single database, utilizing the R software. The principal component analysis methodology was combined with a hierarchical cluster analysis to group clusters of municipalities based on their similarity. The V-test was estimated to define the positive or negative association of the variables with the clusters and separation by natural breaks was used to determine which ones contributed the most to each cluster. Information on cases was also incorporated in the analyses to attribute CL risk for each cluster. RESULTS This study included 4,951 municipalities with CL transmission (36.5% of the total in LA) and seven clusters were defined by their association with 18 environmental and socioeconomic variables. The historical risk of CL is positively associated with the Amazonian, Andean and Savannah clusters in a decreasingly manner; and negatively associated with the Forest evergreen, Forest/crop and Forest/populated clusters. The Agricultural cluster did not reveal any association with the CL cases. CONCLUSIONS The study made it possible to identify and characterize the CL risk by clusters of municipalities and to recognize the epidemiological distribution pattern of transmission, which provides managers with better information for intersectoral interventions to control CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nilce. S. Maia-Elkhoury
- Pan American Health OrganizationRio de JaneiroBrazilPan American Health Organization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Magalhães Lima
- Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, Pan American Health OrganizationRio de JaneiroBrazilPan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, Pan American Health Organization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Tropical Medicine National InstitutePuerto IguazúArgentinaTropical Medicine National Institute, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina.
| | - Lia Puppim Buzanovsky
- Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, Pan American Health OrganizationRio de JaneiroBrazilPan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, Pan American Health Organization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of the AmericasPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of the Americas.
| | - Samantha Y.O.B. Valadas
- Pan American Health OrganizationRio de JaneiroBrazilPan American Health Organization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Manuel J. Sanchez-Vazquez
- Pan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, Pan American Health OrganizationRio de JaneiroBrazilPan American Foot and Mouth Disease Center, Pan American Health Organization, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Neves RL, Cardoso DT, Rêgo FD, Gontijo CMF, Barbosa DS, Soares RP. A follow-up study (2007-2018) on American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the municipality of Caratinga, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Spatial analyses and sand fly collection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009429. [PMID: 34003866 PMCID: PMC8162678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The municipality of Caratinga is an important endemic area for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) and no epidemiological studies were performed during the past two decades. Here, we analyzed the epidemiological situation and the geographical distribution of ATL cases in the municipality of Caratinga from 2007 to 2018 using geographic information systems (GIS). Also, we evaluated the impact of several demographic parameters in ATL distribution and the sand flies incriminated in its transmission. Methods All demographic information (gender, age, educational level, clinical form, diagnostic criteria and case evolution) used in this study was retrieved from the public health archives and confirmed in the State Health Services databases. All cases were analyzed using GIS software based on ATL distribution. Also, non-systematic sand fly collections and molecular detection of Leishmania were performed in the hotspots. Results and conclusions During the period, ATL cases continued and increased especially in the past years (2016–2018). Hotspots included urban Caratinga areas and the districts of Patrocínio de Caratinga and Sapucaia. The species Nyssomyia whitmani, Nyssomyia intermedia, Migonemyia migonei and Evandromyia cortelezzii complex were captured. However, ITS1-PCR did not detect Leishmania DNA in those insects. Based on our analyses, urbanization of ATL in Caratinga has occurred in the past years. Due to the increase in the number of cases and vectors presence, it is recommended that health authorities focus on control measures in the most affected areas (Patrocínio of Caratinga and Sapucaia districts and urban Caratinga). Leishmaniasis is an important health problem in Latin American countries and worldwide. In some places, notification is limited and underreported hindering correct assessment of existing data. In Brazil, ATL is mainly caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. It is transmitted by sand fly vectors Nyssomyia whitmani and Nyssomyia intermedia. ATL comprises different clinical manifestations including cutaneous leishmaniasis, muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis and atypical leishmaniasis. The objective is to present the spatial distribution of cases of ATL notified by the Public Health System of Caratinga between the period of 2007 and 2018. This city is one of the most important endemic areas in the State of Minas Gerais and compose the panel of knowledge on epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis. This information will be important for developing strategies for ATL control in the affected areas. There is strong evidence that supports ATL urbanization in the city of Caratinga and increase of cases in two rural districts (Sapucaia and Patrocínio de Caratinga).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael L Neves
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diogo T Cardoso
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe D Rêgo
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Célia M F Gontijo
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David S Barbosa
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Soares
- René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Maia-Elkhoury ANS, Magalhães Lima D, Salomón OD, Buzanovsky LP, Saboyá-Díaz MI, Valadas SY, Sanchez-Vazquez MJ. [Interaction among environmental and socioeconomic determinants of risk for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Latin AmericaInteração entre os determinantes ambientais e socioeconômicos para o risco de leishmaniose cutânea na América Latina]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e49. [PMID: 33936185 PMCID: PMC8080946 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine and characterize areas at potential risk for the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Latin America. METHOD Ecological observational study with observation units defined by municipalities with CL transmission during 2014-2018. Environmental and socioeconomic variables available for at least 85% of municipalities were combined in a single database, using R software. Principal component analysis was combined with hierarchical cluster analysis for the formation of clusters of municipalities according to their similarity. The V-test was used to define positive or negative association of variables with clusters and separation by natural divisions to determine which contributed more to each cluster. Cases were included to attribute CL risk for each cluster. RESULTS The study included 4 951 municipalities with CL transmission (36.5% of municipalities in Latin America); seven clusters were defined by their association with 18 environmental and socioeconomic variables. Historical risk of CL is associated positively and in descending order with the Amazonian, Andean, and Savanna clusters; and negatively with the Forest/perennial, Forest/cultivated, and Forest/populated clusters. The Agricultural cluster showed no association with CL cases. CONCLUSIONS The study made it possible to identify and characterize CL risk by clusters of municipalities and to understand the characteristic epidemiological distribution patterns of transmission, providing program managers with better information for intersectoral interventions to control CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nilce S. Maia-Elkhoury
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludRío de JaneiroBrasilOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Río de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Daniel Magalhães Lima
- Centro Panamericano de Fiebre AftosaOrganización Panamericana de la SaludRío de JaneiroBrasilCentro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Río de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Oscar Daniel Salomón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina TropicalPuerto IguazúArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Argentina.
| | - Lia Puppim Buzanovsky
- Centro Panamericano de Fiebre AftosaOrganización Panamericana de la SaludRío de JaneiroBrasilCentro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Río de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Martha Idalí Saboyá-Díaz
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludWashington, D.C.Estados Unidos de AméricaOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América.
| | - Samantha Y.O.B. Valadas
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludRío de JaneiroBrasilOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Río de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Manuel J. Sanchez-Vazquez
- Centro Panamericano de Fiebre AftosaOrganización Panamericana de la SaludRío de JaneiroBrasilCentro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa, Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Río de Janeiro, Brasil.
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12
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Ursine RL, Rocha MF, Sousa JFD, Santos RCD, Soares MD, Gusmão MSF, Leite ME, Vieira TM. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in an endemic municipality in the North of Minas Gerais State: spatial analysis and socio-environmental factors. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e2. [PMID: 33503150 PMCID: PMC7816867 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is endemic in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State. The use of geotechnology such as spatial statistics and remote sensing has contributed to a better understanding of the eco-epidemiology of diseases, and consequently a better definition of control strategies. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of probable sites of cases of ATL infection (2007-2011) in the municipality of Montes Claros and to identify related socio-environmental factors. Data on ATL cases notification were obtained from the Municipal Health Department of Montes Claros. The annual incidence of ATL in the municipality was calculated and the probable sites of infection were georeferenced. Crude Rate and the Local Empirical Bayesian Rate were calculated with census sectors considered as the unit of analysis. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from LANDSAT 5 TM images. The spatial association between the crude rate of ATL and the NDVI of the census tracts was evaluated using the Local Bivariate of Moran I. The socio-environmental aspects of household structures were assessed based on a structured questionnaire. The incidence of ATL in the evaluated period ranged from 6.2 to 16.6 cases/100,000 inhabitants. The highest rates of ATL occurrence were found in the census sectors located in the rural area and in the peripheral census sectors in the city. Through the Empirical Bayes Smoothed Rate map, it was found that in the peripheral areas of the city, the rates of ATL occurrence were lower than in the rural area and their values decreased as they approach the city center. Local Bivariate of Moran I showed a positive correlation between NDVI and crude ATL rates, with significant high-high clusters observed in the rural area and in the census sectors in the Western peripheral area of the city that have experienced an urban expansion concomitant to the period investigated. In most homes of people affected by the disease, there were domestic animals and organic matter in the peridomicile. In addition, a high percentage of individuals affected by ATL reported the presence of rodents circulating near their homes. In conclusion, it is possible that the disorderly expansion process in the city of Montes Claros favored the establishment of the ATL periurban and urban transmission cycle. These regions deserve special attention from health surveillance to combat this zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Luiz Ursine
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marília Fonseca Rocha
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Departamento de Saúde Mental e Saúde Coletiva, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joel Fontes de Sousa
- Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Cardoso Dos Santos
- Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias Soares
- Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Suely Fernandes Gusmão
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Esdras Leite
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thallyta Maria Vieira
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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