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e Silva Malzone JR, Ribeiro AP, de Souza TS, Wilbert DD, Novo NF, Juliano Y. Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Two-Year Retrospective Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030741. [PMID: 36983896 PMCID: PMC10059043 DOI: 10.3390/life13030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 presented with severe respiratory and motor impairment, especially those who required intensive treatment and invasive mechanical ventilation, with sequelae that extended after the period of hospitalization. Thus, the aim of the current study was to verify the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in 2020 and 2021, according to age group. Methods: A retrospective cohort study. Data were collected through the “ICUs Brasileiras” between March 2020 and November 2021 for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to COVID-19. The following were analyzed: the number of hospital admissions, days in the ICU and hospital, clinical aspects (non-invasive or invasive ventilatory support, comorbidities, frailty, SAPS 3 and SOFA severity scales, use of amines and renal support), and ICU and hospital mortality rate. Results: A total of 166,966 ICU hospital admissions were evaluated over the evaluated quarters. The main results showed a peak in the number of hospitalizations between March and May 2021, with a higher percentage of males. The peak of ICU admissions for 7 days was between March and May 2021 and 21 days between March and May 2020. In addition, higher deaths were observed in the age groups between 40 and 80 years between 2020 and 2021, with the group above 81 being the age group with the highest mortality. Mortality in the ICU of ventilated patients was higher in the age group above 70 years. Another observation was the predominance of SAPS 3 and the peak of mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days between June and August 2021. Conclusion: The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 were influenced by age group, showing higher mortality over 81 years and over 70 years in the ICU supported by mechanical ventilation, maintained for 7 days from June to August 2021. The years 2020 and 2021 also showed differences for patients with COVID-19, with greater hospitalization between March and May 2021, especially in the ICU for 7 days, and between March and May 2020 for the 21-day period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
- Physical Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05360-160, Brazil
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-11-99139-2168
| | - Tatiane Silva de Souza
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Debora Driemeyer Wilbert
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| | - Yara Juliano
- Health Science Post-Graduate Department, School of Medicine, University Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
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Karakoç A, Miettinen A, Sözümert E, Evans L, Yiğitler H, Bostanci B, Taciroğlu E, Jäntti R. Microstructural evaluation and recommendations for face masks in community use to reduce the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107154. [PMID: 36182670 PMCID: PMC9519173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recommendations for the use of face masks to prevent and protect against the aerosols (≤5µm) and respiratory droplet particles (≥5µm), which can carry and transmit respiratory infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), have been in effect since the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The particle filtration efficiency (PFE) and air permeability are the most crucial factors affecting the level of pathogen transmission and breathability, i.e. wearer comfort, which should be investigated in detail. METHODS In this context, this article presents a novel assessment framework for face masks combining X-ray microtomography and computational fluid dynamics simulations. In consideration to their widespread public use, two types of face masks were assessed: (I) two layer non-woven face masks and (II) the surgical masks (made out of a melt-blown fabric layer covered with two non-woven fabric layers). RESULTS The results demonstrate that the surgical masks provide PFEs over 75% for particles with diameter over 0.1µm while two layer face masks are found out to have insufficient PFEs, even for the particles with diameter over 2µm (corresponding PFE is computed as 47.2%). Thus, existence of both the non-woven fabric layers for mechanical filtration and insertion of melt-blown fabric layer(s) for electrostatic filtration in the face masks were found to be highly critical to prevent the airborne pathogen transmission. CONCLUSIONS The present framework would assist in computational assessment of commonly used face mask types based on their microstructural characteristics including fiber diameter, orientation distributions and fiber network density. Therefore, it would be also possible to provide new yet feasible design routes for face masks to ensure reliable personal protection and optimal breathability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Karakoç
- Aalto University, Department of Communications and Networking, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Arttu Miettinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Llion Evans
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, UK
| | - Hüseyin Yiğitler
- Aalto University, Department of Communications and Networking, Espoo, Finland
| | - Başak Bostanci
- Institute Medicana Hospital Istanbul, Ophthalmology Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Taciroğlu
- University of California Los Angeles, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, USA
| | - Riku Jäntti
- Aalto University, Department of Communications and Networking, Espoo, Finland
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Gomes LR, Durans AM, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Waterman JA, Freitas MS, De Sá NBR, Pereira LV, Furtado JS, Aquino RG, Machado MCR, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Souza TML, Morel CM, Provance DW, De-Simone SG. Multiepitope Proteins for the Differential Detection of IgG Antibodies against RBD of the Spike Protein and Non-RBD Regions of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090986. [PMID: 34579223 PMCID: PMC8473315 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the extent of global connectivity and collective vulnerability to emerging diseases. From its suspected origins in Wuhan, China, it spread to all corners of the world in a matter of months. The absence of high-performance, rapid diagnostic methods that could identify asymptomatic carriers contributed to its worldwide transmission. Serological tests offer numerous benefits compared to other assay platforms to screen large populations. First-generation assays contain targets that represent proteins from SARS-CoV-2. While they could be quickly produced, each actually has a mixture of specific and non-specific epitopes that vary in their reactivity for antibodies. To generate the next generation of the assay, epitopes were identified in three SARS-Cov-2 proteins (S, N, and Orf3a) by SPOT synthesis analysis. After their similarity to other pathogen sequences was analyzed, 11 epitopes outside of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein that showed high reactivity and uniqueness to the virus. These were incorporated into a ß-barrel protein core to create a highly chimeric protein. Another de novo protein was designed that contained only epitopes in the RBD. In-house ELISAs suggest that both multiepitope proteins can serve as targets for high-performance diagnostic tests. Our approach to bioengineer chimeric proteins is highly amenable to other pathogens and immunological uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa R. Gomes
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Andressa M. Durans
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Jessica A. Waterman
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Mariana S. Freitas
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - Nathalia B. R. De Sá
- AIDS & Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Lilian V. Pereira
- Angra dos Reis Health Department, Angra dos Reis 23906-10, Brazil; (L.V.P.); (J.S.F.); (R.G.A.)
| | - Jéssica S. Furtado
- Angra dos Reis Health Department, Angra dos Reis 23906-10, Brazil; (L.V.P.); (J.S.F.); (R.G.A.)
| | - Romário G. Aquino
- Angra dos Reis Health Department, Angra dos Reis 23906-10, Brazil; (L.V.P.); (J.S.F.); (R.G.A.)
| | | | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
| | - David W. Provance
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Medical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- FIOCRUZ, Center of Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.R.G.); (A.M.D.); (P.N.-P.); (J.A.W.); (M.S.F.); (N.F.-R.); (T.M.L.S.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-213-865-8240
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Chowdhury N, Khalid A, Turin TC. Understanding misinformation infodemic during public health emergencies due to large-scale disease outbreaks: a rapid review. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 31:553-573. [PMID: 33968601 PMCID: PMC8088318 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, impacted the flow of life and resulted in an immeasurable amount of socio-economic damage. However, not all of this damage is attributable to the disease itself; much of it has occurred due to the prevailing misinformation around COVID-19. This rapid integrative review will draw on knowledge from the literature about misinformation during previous abrupt large-scale infectious disease outbreaks to enable policymakers, governments and health institutions to proactively mitigate the spread and effect of misinformation. SUBJECT AND METHODS For this rapid integrative review, we systematically searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar and extracted the literature on misinformation during abrupt large-scale infectious disease outbreaks since 2000. We screened articles using predetermined inclusion criteria. We followed an updated methodology for integrated reviews and adjusted it for our rapid review approach. RESULTS We found widespread misinformation in all aspects of large-scale infectious disease outbreaks since 2000, including prevention, treatment, risk factor, transmission mode, complications and vaccines. Conspiracy theories also prevailed, particularly involving vaccines. Misinformation most frequently has been reported regarding Ebola, and women and youth are particularly vulnerable to misinformation. A lack of scientific knowledge by individuals and a lack of trust in the government increased the consumption of misinformation, which is disseminated quickly by the unregulated media, particularly social media. CONCLUSION This review identified the nature and pattern of misinformation during large-scale infectious disease outbreaks, which could potentially be used to address misinformation during the ongoing COVID-19 or any future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashit Chowdhury
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, G012F, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Ayisha Khalid
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, G012F, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Tanvir C. Turin
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, G012F, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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