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Brasil P, Damasceno L, Fuller T, Bastos LS, Cruz OG, Medeiros F, Calvet GA, Resende P, Whitworth J, Smith C, Siqueira MM, Carvalho M. Cohort-profile: Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e067212. [PMID: 36600372 PMCID: PMC9729844 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the household transmission of SARS-COV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). PARTICIPANTS This is an open prospective cohort study of children ≤12 years old and their household contacts. During home visits over 24 months, we collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural data, clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) RT-PCR and anti-S antibody tests. Among adults, the majority of participants were women (62%). FINDINGS TO DATE We enrolled 845 families from May 2020 to May 2022. The median number of residents per household was four. The median household density, defined as the number of persons per room, was 0.95. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 occurrence was higher in households with a high number of persons per room. Children were not the principal source of SARS-CoV-2 infections in their households during the first wave of the pandemic. FUTURE PLANS Future studies will investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is relevant for the design of vaccines, antivirals and monoclonal antibodies. We will also engage in outreach to encourage vaccination as a means of limiting the transmission of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Damasceno
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Trevon Fuller
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of the Environment & Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Leonardo S Bastos
- Scientific Computing Program, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo G Cruz
- Scientific Computing Program, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Amaral Calvet
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Clinical Research Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paola Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Chris Smith
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, IOC, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilia Carvalho
- Scientific Computing Program, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carvalho MS, Bastos LS, Fuller T, Cruz OG, Damasceno L, Calvet G, Resende PC, Smith C, Whitworth J, Siqueira M, Brasil P. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 over four epidemic waves in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A prospective cohort study. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2022; 12:100283. [PMID: 35663637 PMCID: PMC9135359 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 infections in low-resource communities can inform vaccination strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Our objective was to estimate incidence over four epidemic waves in a slum in Rio de Janeiro, a proxy for economically deprived areas in the Global South. Methods Prospective cohort of children and household contacts screened for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR and serology (IgG). The incidence density of PCR positive infections estimated for each wave - the first wave, Zeta, Gamma and Delta - was compared to an index combining NPIs and vaccination coverage. Findings 718 families and 2501 individuals were enrolled, from May 2020 to November 2021. The incidence density of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the first wave was 2, 3 times that of the other waves. The incidence among children was lower than that of older participants, except in later waves, when vaccination of the elderly reached 90%. Household agglomeration was significantly associated with incidence only during the first wave. Interpretation The incidence of infection greatly exceeded rates reported in similar cohorts. The observed reduction in incidence in the elderly during the Delta variant wave, in spite of the rollback of NPIs, can be attributed to increased vaccine coverage. The high incidence in young people reinforces the importance of vaccination in this age group, a policy that has yet to receive the full support of some sectors of society. Funding UK Medical Research Council, Foundation for the Advancement of Science of the State of Rio de Janeiro, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Sa Carvalho
- Scientific Computation Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Trevon Fuller
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Damasceno
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Calvet
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil
| | - Chris Smith
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Whitworth
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marilda Siqueira
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Acute Febrile Illnesses Laboratory, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil,Corresponding author.
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Cantelli CP, Velloso AJ, Assis RMSD, Barros JJ, Mello FCDA, Cunha DCD, Brasil P, Nordgren J, Svensson L, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG, Moraes MTBD. Rotavirus A shedding and HBGA host genetic susceptibility in a birth community-cohort, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2014-2018. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6965. [PMID: 32332841 PMCID: PMC7181595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have investigated whether the human histo-blood group antigen (HBGAs) could affect the effectiveness of the oral rotavirus vaccines, suggesting secretor positive individuals develop a more robust response. We investigated the Rotavirus A (RVA) shedding in association with the host susceptibility profile in children from a birth community-cohort in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2014 to 2018. A total of 132 children were followed-up between 0 to 11-month-old, stool samples were collected before/after the 1st/2nd RV1 vaccination doses and saliva samples were collected during the study. RVA shedding was screened by RT-qPCR and G/P genotypes determined by multiplex RT-PCR and/or Sanger nucleotide sequencing. The sequencing indicated an F167L amino acid change in the RV1 VP8* P[8] in 20.5% of shedding follow-ups and these mutant subpopulations were quantified by pyrosequencing. The HBGA/secretor status was determined and 80.3% of the children were secretors. Twenty-one FUT2 gene SNPs were identified and two new mutations were observed. The mutant F167L RV1 VP8* P[8] was detected significantly more in Le (a+b+) secretors (90.5%) compared to non-secretors and even to secretors Le (a-b+) (9.5%). The study highlights the probable association between RV1 shedding and HBGAs as a marker for evaluating vaccine strain host susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Pacheco Cantelli
- Immunobiological Technology Institute/Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alvaro Jorge Velloso
- Immunobiological Technology Institute/Bio-Manguinhos, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Maria Santos de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Júnior Barros
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Cotrim da Cunha
- Sérgio Arouca National School of Public Health, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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