Distanciamento social, sentimento de tristeza e estilos de vida da população brasileira durante a pandemia de Covid-19

Sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with physical activity and screen time among Brazilian college students

BACKGROUND

As a result of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns have been observed in many countries, as well as changes in physical activity and screen time. The objective was to investigate sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with physical activity and screen time.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study with students from a University in Rio de Janeiro who answered an online questionnaire between August 2020 and March 2021. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-SF. Sleep was investigated based on questions about duration and sleep quality change, and screen time through self-reported questions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association between physical activity and screen time with sleep duration and quality. Secondary analyses investigated the influence of the isolation time on this association. The confounding factors used were diagnosis of COVID-19, time of isolation, anxiety, depression, skin color, and gender.

RESULTS

A total of 771 college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (±8.6) answered the questionnaire. About 75% reported more than 8 h of screen time per day and 49.8% were physically inactive. Regarding sleep, 54.9% had worsening sleep, while 40.6% had inadequate sleep duration during the pandemic. Physical activity was associated with improved sleep quality (Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-2.97). Also, physically active students who spent more than 14 weeks in social isolation demonstrated improved sleep quality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.78) compared to physically inactive individuals. No association was observed for sleep duration. No association was observed between screen time and sleep quality, or sleep duration.

CONCLUSION

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable worsening of sleep quality, and physical activity was positively associated with improved sleep quality.

Influência da Pandemia da Covid-19 na Qualidade de Vida de Estudantes Universitários

Buscando compreender a percepção da Qualidade de Vida (QV), o trabalho objetivou verificar a influência do isolamento social devido à pandemia da covid-19 na autopercepção de qualidade de vida dos ingressantes nos cursos de Educação Física. Para isso, foi utilizado o questionário o WHOQOL-Bref. Foi possível perceber que os alunos de 2ª entrada, antes do isolamento, apresentaram maiores escores nos domínios físicos, psíquico e ambiente, enquanto os alunos de durante a pandemia tiveram uma inversão destas respostas. Os estudantes universitários de 1ª entrada apresentaram maiores escores significativos para estes domínios. A pandemia com o isolamento social influenciou na percepção da qualidade de vida de estudantes universitários, sendo importante o desenvolvimento de programas de intervenção para um melhor desempenho dos graduandos e da qualidade de vida.  

Adesão ao isolamento social na pandemia de Covid-19 entre professores da educação básica de Minas Gerais, Brasil

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo estimar a prevalência da adesão ao isolamento social e verificar os fatores associados, durante a pandemia de Covid-19, entre professores de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata- se de um estudo transversal realizado com uma amostra de 15.641 docentes. Aplicou-se um formulário digital para a coleta dos dados. Foram conduzidas análises descritivas das variáveis, que incluíram adesão ao isolamento social, características sociodemográficas, fatores ocupacionais e condições de saúde au- torrelatadas. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e se estimaram Razões de Prevalências (RP) com intervalos de 95% de confiança. A prevalência de adesão ao isolamento social foi estimada em 79,8%, cujos fatores associados foram: sexo feminino; faixa etária igual ou superior a 60 anos; viver com o(a) cônjuge; maior carga horária de trabalho; dificuldades no sono; sentimento de tristeza; além de patologias como hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus, obesidade e doenças respiratórias. Evidenciou-se expressiva prevalência de adesão às medidas de isolamento social entre os docentes, e que a adesão está associada a características sociodemográficas, fatores ocupacionais e condições de saúde dos profissionais da educação.

Patient’s perspective on health care in the Covid-19’s context

ABSTRACT This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study with a qualitative approach, with the aim to discuss the patient’s perspective on health care to Covid-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The participants were 160 patients with Covid-19 symptoms and/or diagnosis that looked for health care in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The data were collected through a self-applicable electronic questionnaire from July to October 2020, with its sampling being characterized with the SPSS version 26 software support, and the patient’s perspective on health care data submitted to content thematic analysis. Three categories emerged among the results: Patient’s satisfaction with health care; Patient’s perspectives facing health care conducts and clinical practices; Patient’s feelings expressed while facing Covid-19 regarding the care received, symptoms, and diagnosis. It was highlighted the absence of emotional support to the patient, besides human resources, structure and material deficits, which interfere in health care management. It must be taken into consideration that understanding the patient’s perspective in health services can contribute to the quality improvement of health care.

Adherence to social isolation in the Covid-19 pandemic among primary school teachers in Minas Gerais, Brazil

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of adherence to social isolation and to inves- tigate associated factors during the Covid-19 pandemic among teachers in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a sample of 15,641 teachers. A digital form was applied for data collection. Descriptive analyses of the variables were conducted, which included adherence to social isolation, sociodemographic characteristics, occupational factors, and self-reported health conditions. The Poisson regression model with robust variance was used and Prevalence Ratios (PR) were estimated, with 95% confidence intervals. The prevalence of adherence to social isolation was estimated at 79.8%, and the associated factors were: female gender; 60 years old or older; living with a spouse; longer working hours; sleeping difficulty; feeling sad; and pathologies such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and respiratory diseases. There was a significant prevalence of adherence to social isolation measures among teachers, and that adherence is associated with sociodemographic characteristics, occupational factors, and health conditions of education professionals.

Perspectiva do paciente sobre a assistência à saúde no contexto da Covid-19

RESUMO Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico com abordagem qualitativa, que ob- jetivou discutir a perspectiva do paciente sobre a assistência à saúde para Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 160 pacientes com sintomas e/ou diagnóstico de Covid-19 que procuram assistência à saúde no estado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário eletrônico autoaplicável no período de julho a outubro de 2020, sendo a amostra caracterizada com auxílio do software SPSS versão 26; e os dados referentes à perspectiva dos pacientes sobre a assistência à saúde, submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Dentre os resultados, emergiram três categorias: Satisfação do paciente sobre a assistência à saúde; Perspectivas do paciente diante das condutas e práticas clínicas no atendimento à saúde; Sentimentos expressados pelo paciente ante o atendimento à saúde, sintomas e diagnóstico para a Covid-19. Destacou-se a ausência de apoio e suporte emocional para o paciente, além de déficits dos recursos humanos, materiais e estrutura, interferindo no gerenciamento do cuidado de saúde. Considera- se que compreender a perspectiva dos pacientes atendidos nos serviços de saúde poderá contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade do atendimento nos serviços de saúde.

Perceived barriers to physical activity during the 2nd lockdown in a northeastern state of Brazil

Background

The practice of physical activity has been recommended during the pandemic period of COVID-19 as a way of preventing the worsening of physical and mental health. After the increase in COVID-19 cases in Brazil and the new lockdown decrees, many people have reported that they are unable to engage in physical activity during the lockdown.

Aims

The present study aimed to investigate the barriers to physical activity in the 2nd lockdown in the state of Ceará, Northeast Brazil.

Methods

1036 (55.6% women) residents of the state of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil participated in the study. For data collection, a questionnaire was used including sample characterization questions, physical activity, and barriers to physical activity during the 2nd lockdown in the state of Ceará. This instrument was made available by Google Forms, between March 8th and 19th, 2021. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results

The three most relevant barriers were: Lack of motivation (7.3%), lack of space at home (5.9%) professional instructions (2.8%). The lack of space at home barrier was associated with age (OR = 2.56; CI 95% 1.05-6.02) and living in the capital (OR = 2.53; CI 95% 1.26-5.33). The barriers, taking care of children (OR = 3.75; CI 95% 1.37-10.2) and increased time spent on daily activities (OR = 2.20; CI 95% 1.02-4.74) were associated with living in the metropolitan region.

Conclusion

The lack of motivation, space at home, and professional instruction showed as being limiting factors to physical activity during the lockdown, indicating plans of action aimed at encouraging the practice of physical activity during a pandemic period.

Lifestyle and eating habits before and during COVID-19 quarantine in Brazil

OBJECTIVE

To assess changes in daily habits, food choices and lifestyle of adult Brazilians before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN

This observational study was carried out with Brazilian adults through an online questionnaire 5 months after the social distance measures implementation. The McNemar, McNemar–Bowker and Wilcoxon tests were used to investigate differences before and during the COVID pandemic period, adopting the statistical significance of P < 0·05.

SETTING

Brazil.

PARTICIPANTS

Totally, 1368 volunteers aged 18+ years.

RESULTS

The volunteers reported a lower frequency of breakfast, morning and lunch snacks (P < 0·05) and a higher frequency of evening snacks and other meal categories during the pandemic period (P < 0·05). The results showed an increase in the consumption of bakery products, instant meals and fast food, while the consumption of vegetables and fruits decreased (P < 0·005). There was a significant increase in the frequency of consumption of alcoholic beverages (P < 0·001), but a reduction in the dose (P < 0·001), increased frequency of smoking (P = 0·007), an increase in sleep and screen time in hours and decrease in physical activity (P < 0·001).

CONCLUSIONS

It was possible to observe an increase in screen time, hours of sleep, smoking and drinking frequency. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the dose of alcoholic beverages but also in the practice of physical activity. Eating habits also changed, reducing the performance of daytime meals and increasing the performance of nighttime meals. The frequency of consumption of instant meals and fast food has increased, while consumption of fruits and vegetables has decreased.

Redução da renda familiar dos professores da educação básica de Minas Gerais na pandemia da Covid-19

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as características socioeconômicas e ocupacionais e condições de saúde autorrelatadas associadas à redução da renda dos professores da educação básica do estado de Minas Gerais durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Tratou-se de um inquérito epidemiológico do tipo websurveys. Participaram do estudo 15.641 professores, com respostas obtidas de agosto a setembro de 2020. Os dados foram tratados com estatísticas descritivas, teste qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis e modelo múltiplo de regressão de Poisson, com variância robusta, para estimar a magnitude das associações. Os resultados evidenciaram que a redução na renda familiar afetou 40,9% dos docentes, principalmente da zona urbana. A redução na renda familiar durante a pandemia foi mais prevalente entre os docentes que viviam com o(a) companheiro(a), possuíam vínculo precário (contratado) com a escola, com tempo de trabalho na docência até vinte anos, que trabalhavam até dez horas/semana e entre professores com hipertensão, episódios de tristeza, ansiedade e dificuldade no sono.