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Goloshchapov OV, Chukhlovin AB, Bug DS, Polev DE, Kosarev OV, Klementeva RV, Izmailova EA, Kazantsev IV, Khalipskaia MS, Goloshchapova МО, Yudintseva OS, Barkhatov IM, Petukhova NV, Zubarovskaya LS, Kulagin AD, Moiseev IS. Safety, Feasibility, and Advantages of Oral Microbiota Transplantation: The First Clinical Case. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:287-296. [PMID: 38875447 PMCID: PMC11268550 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The pilot clinical study presented demonstrates the possibility, safety, and effectiveness of oral microbiota transplantation from a healthy donor to a patient with neuroblastoma to prevent chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. A 6-month-old patient with a diagnosis of retroperitoneal neuroblastoma was treated according to the NB 2004 protocol. Due to the development of severe oral mucositis, it was decided to perform oral microbiota transplantation. During the next 3 chemotherapy cycles and conditioning regimen before autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT), the patient was repeatedly injected per os with donor saliva from her healthy mother. Oral microbiota transplantation was shown to effectively prevent the development of oral mucositis after chemotherapy, and only grade 1 oral mucositis developed after auto-HCT. In all loci of the oral cavity, there was a decreased abundance of bacteria from the Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae families. Conversely, there was an increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcaceae and certain other bacterial taxa. In conclusion, the transplantation of maternal saliva in this patient prevented severe mucositis and was accompanied by a compositional change of the patient's oral microbiota. No adverse events due to the transplantation of maternal saliva were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oleg V. Kosarev
- Saint Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Hoefer KC, Weber LT, Barbe AG, Graf I, Thom S, Nowag A, Scholz CJ, Wisplinghoff H, Noack MJ, Jazmati N. The tongue microbiome of young patients with chronic kidney disease and their healthy mothers. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:110. [PMID: 38265670 PMCID: PMC10808353 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral microbiome plays a crucial role in the incidence and development of oral diseases. An altered intestinal microbiome has been reported in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to characterize the tongue microbiome of young patients with CKD compared to their healthy mothers to identify the influence of CKD-associated factors on resilient tongue ecosystem. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients with CKD (mean age, 14.2 years; 16 males and 14 females) and generalized gingivitis were included in the study. Swabs of the posterior tongue were collected from the patients and 21 mothers (mean age 40.8 years). Next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA genes was employed to quantitatively characterize microbial communities. RESULTS The bacterial communities were similar in terms of richness and diversity between patients and mothers (p > 0.05). In patients with CKD, 5 core phyla, 20 core genera, and 12 core species were identified. CONCLUSIONS The tongue microbiome of the study participants showed no relevant CKD-associated differences compared to their mothers and appears to be a highly preserved niche in the oral cavity. Differences observed in the abundance of individual species in this study could be attributed to the age rather than CKD, even after a mean disease duration of 11 years. CLINICAL RELEVANCE CKD and its associated metabolic changes appear to have no detectable impact on the resilient tongue microbiome observed in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin C Hoefer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Polyclinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Lutz T Weber
- Children´s and Adolescents Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Greta Barbe
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Polyclinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabelle Graf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hilmar Wisplinghoff
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michael J Noack
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Polyclinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nathalie Jazmati
- Wisplinghoff Laboratories, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zhou S, He TC, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Comparison of the main pathogenic microorganisms of various common oral diseases in children and adults. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2023; 1:e35. [PMID: 38371743 PMCID: PMC10874635 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The microorganisms in the human body gradually change and maintain a dynamic balance with the development of physiology and pathology. Oral microbiota is one of the most important microbiota in human body. It is not only closely related to the occurrence and development of oral diseases, but also plays an important role in the overall health. In childhood, the population of oral microorganisms is relatively small, but with the growth of age and tooth development, the species and quantity of oral microorganisms are gradually increasing. Different oral diseases also have their corresponding main microorganisms, and these dominant microorganisms change at different stages of the disease. In this review, we summarized and compared the main pathogenic microorganisms of several common oral diseases in children and adults. In addition, the possible association and difference between adults and children of the main pathogenic microorganisms in different stages of the same or different diseases are also discussed in order to provide research data for the development and diagnosis of common oral diseases in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Azevedo MJ, Garcia A, Costa CF, Ferreira AF, Falcão-Pires I, Brandt BW, Ramalho C, Zaura E, Sampaio-Maia B. The contribution of maternal factors to the oral microbiota of the child: Influence from early life and clinical relevance. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2023; 59:191-202. [PMID: 37415593 PMCID: PMC10320028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mother represents one of the earliest sources of microorganisms to the child, influencing the acquisition and establishment of its microbiota in early life. However, the impact of the mother on the oral microbiota of the child from early life until adulthood remains to unveil. This narrative review aims to: i) explore the maternal influence on the oral microbiota of the child, ii) summarize the similarity between the oral microbiota of mother and child over time, iii) understand possible routes for vertical transmission, and iv) comprehend the clinical significance of this process for the child. We first describe the acquisition of the oral microbiota of the child and maternal factors related to this process. We compare the similarity between the oral microbiota of mother and child throughout time, while presenting possible routes for vertical transmission. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of the mother in the pathophysiological outcome of the child. Overall, maternal and non-maternal factors impact the oral microbiota of the child through several mechanisms, although the consequences in the long term are still unclear. More longitudinal research is needed to unveil the importance of early-life microbiota on the future health of the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Azevedo
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andreia Garcia
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina F.F.A. Costa
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Ferreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre – UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre – UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Bernd W. Brandt
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Ramalho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Egija Zaura
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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Wang XL, Xu HW, Liu NN. Oral Microbiota: A New Insight into Cancer Progression, Diagnosis and Treatment. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:535-547. [PMID: 37881320 PMCID: PMC10593652 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphic microbiome has been defined as one of the "Hallmarks of Cancer". Extensive studies have now uncovered the role of oral microbiota in cancer development and progression. Bacteria, fungi, archaea, and viruses in the oral cavity interact dynamically with the oral microenvironment to maintain the oral micro-ecological homeostasis. This complex interaction is influenced by many factors, such as maternal transmission, personal factors and environmental factors. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota can disturbed this host-microbiota interaction, leading to systemic diseases. Numerous studies have shown the potential associations between oral microbiota and a variety of cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic insights are still poorly understood. In this review, we mainly focus on the following aspects: (1) the factors affect oral microbiota composition and function; (2) the interaction between microenvironment and oral microbiota; (3) the role of multi-kingdom oral microbiota in human health; (4) the potential underlying mechanisms and therapeutic benefits of oral microbiota against cancer. Finally, we aim to describe the impact of oral microbiota on cancer progression and provide novel therapeutic insights into cancer prevention and treatment by targeting oral microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Hua-Wen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025 China
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Arishi RA, Lai CT, Geddes DT, Stinson LF. Impact of breastfeeding and other early-life factors on the development of the oral microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1236601. [PMID: 37744908 PMCID: PMC10513450 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1236601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is home to the second most diverse microbiome in the human body. This community contributes to both oral and systemic health. Acquisition and development of the oral microbiome is a dynamic process that occurs over early life; however, data regarding longitudinal assembly of the infant oral microbiome is scarce. While numerous factors have been associated with the composition of the infant oral microbiome, early feeding practices (breastfeeding and the introduction of solids) appear to be the strongest determinants of the infant oral microbiome. In the present review, we draw together data on the maternal, infant, and environmental factors linked to the composition of the infant oral microbiome, with a focus on early nutrition. Given evidence that breastfeeding powerfully shapes the infant oral microbiome, the review explores potential mechanisms through which human milk components, including microbes, metabolites, oligosaccharides, and antimicrobial proteins, may interact with and shape the infant oral microbiome. Infancy is a unique period for the oral microbiome. By enhancing our understanding of oral microbiome assembly in early life, we may better support both oral and systemic health throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa A. Arishi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ching T. Lai
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Donna T. Geddes
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lisa F. Stinson
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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7
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Holdsworth EA, Williams JE, Pace RM, Lane AA, Gartstein M, McGuire MA, McGuire MK, Meehan CL. Breastfeeding patterns are associated with human milk microbiome composition: The Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287839. [PMID: 37556398 PMCID: PMC10411759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human milk microbiome (HMM) is hypothesized to be seeded by multiple factors, including the infant oral microbiome during breastfeeding. However, it is not known whether breastfeeding patterns (e.g., frequency or total time) impact the composition of the HMM. As part of the Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES), we analyzed data from naturalistic observations of 46 mother-infant dyads living in the US Pacific Northwest and analyzed milk produced by the mothers for its bacterial diversity and composition. DNA was extracted from milk and the V1-V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. We hypothesized that number of breastfeeding bouts (breastfeeding sessions separated by >30 seconds) and total time breastfeeding would be associated with HMM α-diversity (richness, diversity, or evenness) and differential abundance of HMM bacterial genera. Multiple linear regression was used to examine associations between HMM α-diversity and the number of breastfeeding bouts or total time breastfeeding and selected covariates (infant age, maternal work outside the home, frequency of allomother physical contact with the infant, non-household caregiving network). HMM richness was inversely associated with number of breastfeeding bouts and frequency of allomother physical contact, but not total time breastfeeding. Infants' non-household caregiving network was positively associated with HMM evenness. In two ANCOM-BC analyses, abundances of 5 of the 35 most abundant genera were differentially associated with frequency of breastfeeding bouts (Bifidobacterium, Micrococcus, Pedobacter, Acidocella, Achromobacter); 5 genera (Bifidobacterium, Agreia, Pedobacter, Rugamonas, Stenotrophomonas) were associated with total time breastfeeding. These results indicate that breastfeeding patterns and infant caregiving ecology may play a role in influencing HMM composition. Future research is needed to identify whether these relationships are consistent in other populations and if they are associated with variation in the infant's gastrointestinal (including oral) microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Holdsworth
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janet E. Williams
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Pace
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Avery A. Lane
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maria Gartstein
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark A. McGuire
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Michelle K. McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Courtney L. Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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García-Quintana A, Frattaroli-Pericchi A, Feldman S, Luengo J, Acevedo AM. Initial oral microbiota and the impact of delivery mode and feeding practices in 0 to 2 month-old infants. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e078. [PMID: 37531514 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the initial oral microbiota and how delivery mode and feeding practices impact its diversity in 0-2-month-old infants. This was a cross-sectional study that consisted of one collection of saliva samples from 0-2-month infants at baseline. Ten pairs of mothers and infants were selected. Medical health history, pregnancy, birth, feeding practices (breastfeeding or milk formula), and infant health status was obtained. Pooled microbial samples were obtained from the oral surfaces using a sterile cotton swab. Infants did not receive any breast milk before sampling. After collection, each swab was analyzed through microbiological culture-based procedures, using selective mediums. Cultures were analyzed for the presence of Streptococci, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacterium , and Candida albicans . Twenty percent of the samples were serially diluted (10-2) to assess the number of bacteria expressed as CFU. Bacillota was the leading phylogenetic group in the infant's pooled microbial sample. The most prevalent genera were Streptococcus, Lactobacillus , and Staphylococcus . Two participants had a positive growth of Candida albicans . The association between genus group, type of delivery, and feeding practices was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Lactobacillus genus was frequently present in the cesarean delivery group but with slightly higher counts in a vaginal delivery study subject. Exclusively breastfed infants showed presence of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus . The oral microbiome in infants (0-2 month-old) is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. Microbiota composition seems to be impacted by mode of delivery, with slight differences among groups. Breastmilk appears as an essential factor in maintaining the oral microbiome's stability and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonia Feldman
- Private Practice at Complejo Social Don Bosco, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | - Ana María Acevedo
- Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Odontología, Instituto de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Caracas, Venezuela
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Reis AA, Monteiro MF, Bonilha GM, Saraiva L, Araújo C, Santamaria MP, Casati MZ, Kumar P, Casarin RCV. Parents with periodontitis drive the early acquisition of dysbiotic microbiomes in their offspring. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:890-904. [PMID: 37086047 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the microbial colonization in different dentition phases on individuals from 0 to 18 years of age belonging to families with a history of periodontitis compared to descendants of periodontally healthy parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The offspring of subjects with periodontitis ('Perio' group) and the offspring of periodontally healthy subjects ('Healthy' group), matched for gender and age, were included in this cross-sectional study and divided according to the dentition phase: pre-dentate, primary, mixed and permanent. The patients were clinically assessed, and their saliva was collected. DNA was extracted, and V1-V3 and V4-V5 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. RESULTS Fifty children of parents with periodontitis and 50 from healthy parents were included in the study and divided according to the dentition phase: pre-dentate (n = 5/group), primary dentition (n = 15/group), mixed dentition (n = 15/group) and permanent dentition (n = 15/group) in each group. The microbiome composition was different between dentitions for both groups. Children of the Perio group presented a microbial diversity different from that of the Healthy group in mixed and permanent dentitions. The more intense shift in the community occurred between primary and mixed dentition in the Perio group, while the transition between mixed and permanent dentition was the period with greater changes in the microbiome for the Healthy group. Furthermore, a pathogen-rich environment-higher prevalence and abundance of periodontitis-associated species such as Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Leptotrichia spp., Filifactor alocis, Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia- was observed in the Perio group. CONCLUSIONS The parents' periodontal status significantly affects the microbiome composition of their offspring from an early age. The mixed dentition was the phase associated with establishing a dysbiotic and pathogen-rich microbiome in descendants of parents with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luciana Saraiva
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassia Araújo
- Institute of Health Science, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Purnima Kumar
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wassel MO, Salman NS, Metwalli NE. A preliminarily Investigation on Oral Colonization and Counts of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis in a Group of Predentate Infants in Relation to Some Maternal and Infant Factors (A Longitudinal Observational study). Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023; 16:79-86. [PMID: 37020784 PMCID: PMC10067990 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Bacterial colonization of infants' oral cavities is a key factor for future caries risk. This study sought to longitudinally assess oral bacterial colonization in a group of predentate infants in relation to some mother and infant factors. Materials and methods A total of 50 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. When infants were 3-month-old, data were collected about some infant and mother factors; additionally, maternal Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores and salivary samples of mothers and infants were obtained. At 6 months of infant's age, another infants' salivary samples were obtained. Saliva was cultured to detect and quantify Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis). Results Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) was detected in all infants at 3 months. 74 and 96% of infants acquired S. mutans at 3 and 6 months, respectively. S. mutans detection was significantly higher with higher maternal DMFT scores, salivary S. mutans counts, and lower S. mitis counts, as well as when infants were given sugar-containing complementary foods/drinks. At 3-6 months, infants' S. mutans counts were significantly positively correlated with maternal S. mutans counts and DMFT scores and negatively correlated with maternal S. mitis counts. The opposite was evident for infants' S. mitis counts. Regression analysis showed that increased maternal DMFT scores and S. mutans counts, and Cesarean delivery were strong predictors for increased infant's S. mutans counts. While increased DMFT scores and maternal S. mutans counts were strong predictors for reduced infant's S. mitis counts. Conclusion Poor maternal oral health, early introduction of sugars in the diet, and probably Cesarean delivery can negatively impact infants' oral bacterial colonization and possibly future caries risk. Clinical significance Understanding factors associated with oral colonization of both caries-producing and protective flora in infants of different populations is important for caries prevention. This, in turn, can aid tailoring oral health promotion programs for expectant mothers. How to cite this article Wassel MO, Salman NS, Metwalli NE. A preliminarily Investigation on Oral Colonization and Counts of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis in a Group of Predentate Infants in Relation to some Maternal and Infant Factors (A Longitudinal Observational study). Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):79-86.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariem O Wassel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nora S Salman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, Heliopolis, Egypt
| | - Nadia E Metwalli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Alriyami A, Kiger JR, Hooven TA. Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Neoreviews 2022; 23:e448-e461. [PMID: 35773508 DOI: 10.1542/neo.23-7-e448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
See Bonus NeoBriefs videos and downloadable teaching slides Intubated infants in the NICU are at risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), a common type of health care-associated infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed guidelines for diagnosing VAP in patients younger than 1 year, which include worsening gas exchange, radiographic findings, and at least 3 defined clinical signs of pneumonia. VAP in infants is treated with empiric antibiotics selected based on local resistance patterns and individualized patient data. Many NICUs have implemented prevention bundles in an effort to decrease VAP by ensuring the cleanest environment for intubated neonates (hand hygiene, sterile handling of equipment), positioning of infants to prevent gastric reflux, and constantly reevaluating for extubation readiness. Although these prevention bundle elements are intuitive and generally low risk, none are based on strong research support. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of VAP in NICU patients, focusing on recent evidence, highlighting areas of emerging research, and identifying persistent knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Alriyami
- Division of Newborn Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James R Kiger
- Division of Newborn Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas A Hooven
- Division of Newborn Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.,Richard King Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Pittsburgh, PA
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Triarico S, Agresti P, Rinninella E, Mele MC, Romano A, Attinà G, Maurizi P, Mastrangelo S, Ruggiero A. Oral Microbiota during Childhood and Its Role in Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis in Children with Cancer. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040448. [PMID: 35456122 PMCID: PMC9025665 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral cavity harbors the second most abundant microbiota after the gastrointestinal tract, with over 700 species currently identified in the oral microflora. The oral microbiota develops from intrauterine life and after birth is continuously shaped by several influencing factors. The perturbation of the diversity and proportions of species within the oral microbiota leads to dysbiosis and associated increased risk of local and systemic diseases. In children who receive chemotherapy for cancer, oral mucositis is a common and painful side effect that decreases quality of life (QoL) and treatment adherence. The oral microbiota undergoes a substantial dysbiosis as an effect of cancer and its treatment, characterized by lower richness and less diversity. Furthermore, this dysbiosis seems to promote pro-inflammatory cytokine release and pro-apoptotic mediators, enhancing the oral tissue damage. Further studies on the role of the oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of oral mucositis should be performed among children with cancer who receive chemotherapy, to find preventive and protective factors against the pathogenesis of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Triarico
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Argo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Pierpaolo Agresti
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.sco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.sco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.sco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Romano
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Argo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Argo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Palma Maurizi
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Argo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.sco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Argo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.sco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- UOSD di Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Argo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.T.); (A.R.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F.sco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3058203; Fax: +39-06-3052751
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Xu H, Tian B, Shi W, Tian J, Wang W, Qin M. Maturation of the oral microbiota during primary teeth eruption: a longitudinal, preliminary study. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2051352. [PMID: 35309409 PMCID: PMC8933015 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2051352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral microbiota that established in the early years of life may influence the child’s oral health in the long term. Until now, no consensus is reached about whether the development of the oral microbiota is more related with age increase or more with teeth eruption. Objective To analyze the microbiota development of both saliva and supragingival plaque during the gradual eruption of primary teeth in caries-free infants and toddlers. Methods Saliva and plaque samples were collected at five and four dentition states, respectively, and were identified by bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results During the longitudinal observation, the saliva ecosystem seemed more complex and dynamic than the plaque, with larger bacteria quantity and more significantly varied species over time. About 70% of the initial colonized OTUs in plaque persisted until the completion of the primary dentition. Transient bacteria were mostly detected in the early saliva and plaque microbiota, which came from the environment and other sites of the human body. Microbial diversity in both saliva and plaque varied greatly from pre-dentition to full eruption of eight anterior teeth, but not during the eruption of primary molars. Conclusion Oral bacterial development follows an ordered sequence during the primary teeth eruption. ‘Fully eruption of all primary anterior teeth’ is a critical stage in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bijun Tian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Weihua Shi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, Hebei Province, China
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Chandran S, Peedikayil F. Insights to oral microbiome from birth to infancy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDODONTIC REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_15_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, Lynch SV, Kapila YL. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:107-131. [PMID: 34463991 PMCID: PMC8457218 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
States of oral health and disease reflect the compositional and functional capacities of, as well as the interspecies interactions within, the oral microbiota. The oral cavity exists as a highly dynamic microbial environment that harbors many distinct substrata and microenvironments that house diverse microbial communities. Specific to the oral cavity, the nonshedding dental surfaces facilitate the development of highly complex polymicrobial biofilm communities, characterized not only by the distinct microbes comprising them, but cumulatively by their activities. Adding to this complexity, the oral cavity faces near-constant environmental challenges, including those from host diet, salivary flow, masticatory forces, and introduction of exogenous microbes. The composition of the oral microbiome is shaped throughout life by factors including host genetics, maternal transmission, as well as environmental factors, such as dietary habits, oral hygiene practice, medications, and systemic factors. This dynamic ecosystem presents opportunities for oral microbial dysbiosis and the development of dental and periodontal diseases. The application of both in vitro and culture-independent approaches has broadened the mechanistic understandings of complex polymicrobial communities within the oral cavity, as well as the environmental, local, and systemic underpinnings that influence the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Here, we review the present knowledge and current understanding of microbial communities within the oral cavity and the influences and challenges upon this system that encourage homeostasis or provoke microbiome perturbation, and thus contribute to states of oral health or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Sedghi
- Department of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vincent DiMassa
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony Harrington
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yvonne L. Kapila
- Department of Orofacial SciencesSchool of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Neonatal Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Colonization: Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Concomitant Early-onset Sepsis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early-onset neonatal sepsis (ENOS) is one of the most common causes of mortality in neonates. The bacteria causing ENOS are generally transferred from the mother to the infant before or during labor. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of nasopharyngeal colonization with common bacterial agents causing ENOS and their relationship with blood culture outcomes in neonates. Methods: All neonates transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit were included in the study. Posterior pharynx secretions were swabbed and cultured in blood agar and MacConkey agar. Also, a blood specimen from each neonate was inoculated into a blood culture bottle. The grown bacteria were identified by biochemical standard tests. The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by the disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar, and the results were evaluated according to the CLSI guidelines. Results: The pharyngeal specimens collected from 114 newborns were positive in 83 (72.8%) cases. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common bacterium in all weight groups. However, the isolates of Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae were also high. Thirteen newborns died. Neonates’ pharyngeal specimens were positive among 11 (84.6%) cases who died and 101 (71.2%) neonates who survived. Twelve neonates had positive blood cultures. Simultaneous positive blood and pharyngeal cultures were reported in eight (7%) cases, in which the bacterial isolates from blood and pharyngeal samples were similar in three cases (37.5%). Among pharyngeal isolates, E. coli was resistant to ampicillin in 100% and gentamicin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime in 50% of the cases. Also, S. epidermidis and Acinetobacter isolates from blood samples were resistant to ampicillin in 100% of the cases. Conclusions: Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 38.6% of bacteria cultured from pharyngeal swabs and 66.7% of bacteria cultured from blood samples, 37.5% of which were resistant to ampicillin and 100% were sensitive to vancomycin. One-hundred percent of E. coli cultures from neonatal pharynges were resistant to ampicillin and about 50% of them were resistant to gentamicin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone.
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17
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Comparison of oral microbiome profiles in 18-month-old infants and their parents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:861. [PMID: 33441592 PMCID: PMC7806650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and progress of dental caries and periodontal disease is associated with the oral microbiome. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that influence oral microbiome formation. One of the factors that influence oral microbiome formation is the transmission of oral bacteria from parents. However, it remains unclear when the transmission begins, and the difference in contributions of father and mother. Here, we focused on the oral microbiome of 18-month-old infants, at which age deciduous dentition is formed and the oral microbiome is likely to become stable, with that of their parents. We collected saliva from forty 18-month-old infants and their parents and compared the diversity and composition of the microbiome using next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that microbial diversity in infants was significantly lower than that in parents and composition of microbiome were significantly different between infants and parents. Meanwhile, the microbiome of the infants was more similar to that of their mothers than unrelated adults. The bacteria highly shared between infants and parents included not only commensal bacteria but also disease related bacteria. These results suggested that the oral microbiome of the parents influences that of their children aged < 18 months.
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18
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Gentle SJ, Ahmed KA, Yi N, Morrow CD, Ambalavanan N, Lal CV, Patel RP. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with reduced oral nitrate reductase activity in extremely preterm infants. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101782. [PMID: 33166868 PMCID: PMC7658701 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiome mediated nitrate reductase (NR) activity regulates nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and signaling. While deficits in NO-bioavailability impact several morbidities of extreme prematurity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), whether oral NR activity is associated with morbidities of prematurity is not known. We characterized NR activity in extremely preterm infants from birth until 34 weeks' post menstrual age (PMA), determined whether changes in the oral microbiome contribute to changes in NR activity, and determined whether changes in NR activity correlated with disease. In this single center prospective cohort study (n = 28), we observed two surprising findings: (1) NR activity unexpectedly peaked at 29 weeks' PMA (p < 0.05) and (2) when infants were stratified for BPD status, infants who developed BPD had significantly less NR activity at 29 weeks' PMA compared to infants who did not develop BPD. Oral microbiota and NR activity may play a role in BPD development in extremely preterm infants, indicating potential for disease prediction and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Gentle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Khandaker A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Charitharth V Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Lif Holgerson P, Esberg A, Sjödin A, West CE, Johansson I. A longitudinal study of the development of the saliva microbiome in infants 2 days to 5 years compared to the microbiome in adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9629. [PMID: 32541791 PMCID: PMC7295743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding oral microbiota programming attracts increasing interest due to its importance for oral health and potential associations with systemic diseases. Here the oral microbiota was longitudinally characterized in children from 2 days (n = 206) to 5 years of age and in young adults (n = 175) by sequencing of the v3-v4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from saliva extracted DNA. Alpha diversity increased by age, with 2-day- and 3-month-old infants in one sub-group, and 18-month- and 3-year-old children in another. Firmicutes decreased up to 3 years of age, whereas Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria abundances increased. Abiotrophia, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Kingella, Leptotrichia, Neisseria and Porphyromonas appeared from 18-months of age. This was paralleled by expansions in the core microbiome that continued up to adulthood. The age-related microbiota transformation was paralleled by functional alterations, e.g., changed metabolic pathways that reflected e.g., breastfeeding and increasing proportions of anaerobic species. Oral microbiotas differed by feeding mode and weakly by mode of delivery, but not gender, pacifier use or cleaning method or probiotic intake. The study shows that the saliva microbiota is diverse 2 days after birth and under transformation up to 5 years of age and beyond, with fluctuations possibly reflecting age-related environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Lif Holgerson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Anders Esberg
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-906 21, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina E West
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE-90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Johansson
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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20
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Oral microbiome: possible harbinger for children's health. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:12. [PMID: 32350240 PMCID: PMC7190716 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome functions as an intricate and coordinated microbial network, residing throughout the mucosal surfaces of the skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and reproductive system. The oral microbiome encompasses a highly diverse microbiota, consisting of over 700 microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. As our understanding of the relationship between the oral microbiome and human health has evolved, we have identified a diverse array of oral and systemic diseases associated with this microbial community, including but not limited to caries, periodontal diseases, oral cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and inflammatory bowel syndrome. The potential predictive relationship between the oral microbiota and these human diseases suggests that the oral cavity is an ideal site for disease diagnosis and development of rapid point-of-care tests. The oral cavity is easily accessible with a non-invasive collection of biological samples. We can envision a future where early life salivary diagnostic tools will be used to predict and prevent future disease via analyzing and shaping the infant’s oral microbiome. In this review, we present evidence for the establishment of the oral microbiome during early childhood, the capability of using childhood oral microbiome to predict future oral and systemic diseases, and the limitations of the current evidence.
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21
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Dental Phobia among Pregnant Women: Considerations for Healthcare Professionals. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:4156165. [PMID: 32351567 PMCID: PMC7171664 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4156165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the prevalence of dental phobia and associated factors among pregnant women. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study included pregnant women visiting hospitals in Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam in Saudi Arabia. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess dental anxiety and phobia. The score of MDAS ranges from 5 to 25, and a cutoff value of 19 was used to identify participants with dental phobia. Results The study analyzed data of 825 participants with mean age of 29.08 ± 5.18 years. The prevalence of dental phobia was 16.1%. About 46.9% of the sample believed that dental treatment should be avoided during pregnancy, and the importance of regular dental checkup was recognized by 16.4% of the participants. Dental phobia was associated with the perception of the health of teeth (P 0.004) and gums (P 0.016). Multiple logistic regression showed that being under the age of 30 years (OR 0.63, P 0.019) and updating knowledge about oral health (OR 0.49, P 0.006) were significantly associated with reduced likelihood of dental phobia. However, having bad dental experience (OR 2.13, P 0.001) and being in first trimester of pregnancy (OR 1.57, P 0.033) were significantly associated with increased odds of dental phobia. Conclusions A considerable proportion of pregnant women reported dental phobia. The bad dental experience was associated with increased dental phobia. However, reduced likelihood of dental phobia was associated with updating oral health knowledge. Healthcare professionals may consider these factors to reduce dental phobia and improve oral health of pregnant women.
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Cornejo Ulloa P, van der Veen MH, Krom BP. Review: modulation of the oral microbiome by the host to promote ecological balance. Odontology 2019; 107:437-448. [PMID: 30719639 PMCID: PMC6732124 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The indivisible relationship between the human host and its oral microbiome has been shaped throughout the millennia, by facing various changes that have forced the adaptation of oral microorganisms to new environmental conditions. In this constant crosstalk between the human host and its microbiome, a bidirectional relationship has been established. The microorganisms provide the host with functions it cannot perform on its own and at the same time the host provides its microbes with a suitable environment for their growth and development. These host factors can positively affect the microbiome, promoting diversity and balance between different species, resulting in a state of symbiosis and absence of pathology. In contrast, other host factors can negatively influence the composition of the oral microbiome and drive the interaction towards a dysbiotic state, where the balance tilts towards a harmful relationship between the host and its microbiome. The aim of this review is to describe the role host factors play in cultivating and maintaining a healthy oral ecology and discuss mechanisms that can prevent its drift towards dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cornejo Ulloa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique H van der Veen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan P Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, G. Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ahn Y, Jun Y, Kim N, Sohn M. Flora colonization and oral care in high-risk newborns. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2019; 24:e12233. [PMID: 30694609 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A randomized intervention study was conducted to explore the impact of oral care with sterile normal saline to oral flora colonization of high-risk newborns at the third day after birth. DESIGN AND METHODS Ninety-two newborns were allocated to either intervention or control group. After obtaining oral secretion for prepoint data, the intervention group received oral care with sterile normal saline only. Oral secretions for postpoint data were obtained 8 hr after the prepoint. Total 179 specimens were obtained during the study period. RESULTS Among the total 92 newborns, 44.6% were female and 57.6% were premature. Mean gestational age and weight was 35.9 ± 3.2 weeks and 2,545 ± 697.5 g. The most common colonized flora included Streptococcus (26.3%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 16.2%), and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS, 13.4%). The oral care with normal saline did not change the number of flora type of newborns. The statistic results were not significant by group (F = 0.918, p = 0.514), time (F = 0.322, p = 0.672), and the interaction between time and group (F = 0.519, p = 0.472). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Oral care with sterile saline did not change oral flora colonization among high-risk newborns at early period of life. This intervention can be safely delivered to high-risk newborns when they are at risk of infection and particularly breast milk is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmee Ahn
- Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yonghoon Jun
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inha University & Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Hanseo University, Seosan, South Korea
| | - Min Sohn
- Department of Nursing, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Tuominen H, Rautava S, Collado MC, Syrjänen S, Rautava J. HPV infection and bacterial microbiota in breast milk and infant oral mucosa. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207016. [PMID: 30395655 PMCID: PMC6218085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between bacterial microbiota in breast milk and the infant mouth. The influence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection on infant oral microbiota was also assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Altogether 35 breast milk and 35 infant oral samples with known HPV status were selected from the Finnish Family HPV Study cohort. In total, there were 31 mother-infant pairs. The microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (V3-V4 region). RESULTS HPV DNA was present in 8.6% (3/35) of the breast milk and 40% (14/35) of the infant oral samples. Eight shared genera between breast milk and infant oral were found; these included Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Unclassified Gemellaceae, Rothia, Veillonella, Haemophilus, Propionibacterium and Corynebacterium. HPV status was not associated with either microbiota richness or diversity in the infant mouth. However, the infant oral microbiota clustered in different groups according to HPV status. We detected higher abundance of Veillonella dispar (p = 0.048) at species level in HPV negative infant oral samples. We did not detect differences in the breast milk microbiota composition related to HPV infection due to only three HPV positive milk samples. CONCLUSIONS HPV infection is associated with distinct oral bacterial microbiota composition in infants. The direction of causality underlying the phenomenon remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Tuominen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Samuli Rautava
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turku & Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Science, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Dzidic M, Collado MC, Abrahamsson T, Artacho A, Stensson M, Jenmalm MC, Mira A. Oral microbiome development during childhood: an ecological succession influenced by postnatal factors and associated with tooth decay. THE ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2292-2306. [PMID: 29899505 PMCID: PMC6092374 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Information on how the oral microbiome develops during early childhood and how external factors influence this ecological process is scarce. We used high-throughput sequencing to characterize bacterial composition in saliva samples collected at 3, 6, 12, 24 months and 7 years of age in 90 longitudinally followed children, for whom clinical, dietary and health data were collected. Bacterial composition patterns changed through time, starting with "early colonizers", including Streptococcus and Veillonella; other bacterial genera such as Neisseria settled after 1 or 2 years of age. Dental caries development was associated with diverging microbial composition through time. Streptococcus cristatus appeared to be associated with increased risk of developing tooth decay and its role as potential biomarker of the disease should be studied with species-specific probes. Infants born by C-section had initially skewed bacterial content compared with vaginally delivered infants, but this was recovered with age. Shorter breastfeeding habits and antibiotic treatment during the first 2 years of age were associated with a distinct bacterial composition at later age. The findings presented describe oral microbiota development as an ecological succession where altered colonization pattern during the first year of life may have long-term consequences for child´s oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majda Dzidic
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Department of Biotechnology, Unit of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Artacho
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Malin Stensson
- Centre for Oral Health, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C Jenmalm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Autoimmunity and Immune Regulation, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, CSISP-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.
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Mason MR, Chambers S, Dabdoub SM, Thikkurissy S, Kumar PS. Characterizing oral microbial communities across dentition states and colonization niches. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:67. [PMID: 29631628 PMCID: PMC5891995 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
METHODS The present study aimed to identify patterns and processes in acquisition of oral bacteria and to characterize the microbiota of different dentition states and habitats. Mucosal, salivary, supragingival, and subgingival biofilm samples were collected from orally and systemically healthy children and mother-child dyads in predentate, primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions. 16S rRNA gene sequences were compared to the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Functional potential was inferred using PICRUSt. RESULTS Unweighted and weighted UniFrac distances were significantly smaller between each mother-predentate dyad than infant-unrelated female dyads. Predentate children shared a median of 85% of species-level operational taxonomic units (s-OTUs) and 100% of core s-OTUs with their mothers. Maternal smoking, but not gender, mode of delivery, feeding habits, or type of food discriminated between predentate microbial profiles. The primary dentition demonstrated expanded community membership, structure, and function when compared to the predentate stage, as well as significantly lower similarity between mother-child dyads. The primary dentition also included 85% of predentate core s-OTUs. Subsequent dentitions exhibited over 90% similarity to the primary dentition in phylogenetic and functional structure. Species from the predentate mucosa as well as new microbial assemblages were identified in the primary supragingival and subgingival microbiomes. All individuals shared 65% of species between supragingival and subgingival habitats; however, the salivary microbiome exhibited less than 35% similarity to either habitat. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of a cross-sectional study design, we identified two definitive stages in oral bacterial colonization: an early predentate imprinting and a second wave with the eruption of primary teeth. Bacterial acquisition in the oral microbiome is influenced by the maternal microbiome. Personalization begins with the eruption of primary teeth; however, this is limited to phylogeny; functionally, individuals exhibit few differences, suggesting that microbial assembly may follow a defined schematic that is driven by the functional requirements of the ecosystem. This early microbiome forms the foundation upon which newer communities develop as more colonization niches emerge, and expansion of biodiversity is attributable to both introduction of new species and increase in abundance of predentate organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Mason
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4111 Postle Hall, 305, W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Present address: Division of Periodontology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Chambers
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Present address: Great Beginnings Pediatric Dentistry, Asheville, NC, USA
| | - Shareef M Dabdoub
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4111 Postle Hall, 305, W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarat Thikkurissy
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Present address: Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Purnima S Kumar
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4111 Postle Hall, 305, W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Seerangaiyan K, Jüch F, Winkel EG. Tongue coating: its characteristics and role in intra-oral halitosis and general health—a review. J Breath Res 2018; 12:034001. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aaa3a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the utilisation of pre- and probiotics for oral care and the state of knowledge at this time.
Design/methodology/approach
Pre- and probiotics describe beneficial carbohydrates and microbiota, respectively, for optimal gut health. Carbohydrates provide energy selectively for the gut-friendly bacteria. The use of both carbohydrates and bacteria is, however, being expanded into other areas of the body – including the skin, vagina and oral cavity – for health-related applications.
Findings
There is increased interest in both pre- and probiotics for oral care products. The importance of oral microflora and their selective substrates is discussed against a background of contemporary oral care approaches. The issues and benefits are discussed in this review.
Originality/value
It is clear that consumption of prebiotics and probiotics may play a role as potential prophylactic or therapeutic agents for reducing the presence of organisms in the mouth associated with tooth decay. To confirm a beneficial effect of pre- and probiotics further in vivo studies involving healthy human volunteers should be considered.
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Müller-Hilke B, Nakata M, Kreikemeyer B. Oral Biofilms from Symbiotic to Pathogenic Interactions and Associated Disease -Connection of Periodontitis and Rheumatic Arthritis by Peptidylarginine Deiminase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29441048 PMCID: PMC5797574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of bacterial species are harbored in the oral cavity, with the resulting complex network of interactions between the microbiome and host contributing to physiological as well as pathological conditions at both local and systemic levels. Bacterial communities inhabit the oral cavity as primary niches in a symbiotic manner and form dental biofilm in a stepwise process. However, excessive formation of biofilm in combination with a corresponding deregulated immune response leads to intra-oral diseases, such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Moreover, oral commensal bacteria, which are classified as so-called “pathobionts” according to a now widely accepted terminology, were recently shown to be present in extra-oral lesions with distinct bacterial species found to be involved in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, chronic infective endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present review focuses on oral pathobionts as commensal and healthy members of oral biofilms that can turn into initiators of disease. We will shed light on the processes involved in dental biofilm formation and also provide an overview of the interactions of P. gingivalis, as one of the most prominent oral pathobionts, with host cells, including epithelial cells, phagocytes, and dental stem cells present in dental tissues. Notably, a previously unknown interaction of P. gingivalis bacteria with human stem cells that has impact on human immune response is discussed. In addition to this very specific interaction, the present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory effect of P. gingivalis and other oral pathobionts, members of the oral microbiome, that pave the way for systemic and chronic diseases, thereby showing a link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
Candida species are the most common infectious fungal species in humans; out of the approximately 150 known species, Candida albicans is the leading pathogenic species, largely affecting immunocompromised individuals. Apart from its role as the primary etiology for various types of candidiasis, C. albicans is known to contribute to polymicrobial infections. Polymicrobial interactions, particularly between C. albicans and bacterial species, have gained recent interest in which polymicrobial biofilm virulence mechanisms have been studied including adhesion, invasion, quorum sensing, and development of antimicrobial resistance. These trans-kingdom interactions, either synergistic or antagonistic, may help modulate the virulence and pathogenicity of both Candida and bacteria while uniquely impacting the pathogen-host immune response. As antibiotic and antifungal resistance increases, there is a great need to explore the intermicrobial cross-talk with a focus on the treatment of Candida-associated polymicrobial infections. This article explores the current literature on the interactions between Candida and clinically important bacteria and evaluates these interactions in the context of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and disease management.
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Ferreira PVA, Amêndola I, Oliveira LDD, Silva CRGE, Leão MVP, Santos SSFD. Prevalence and Sensitivity of Bacilli and Pseudomonas in the Newborn's Oral Cavity. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:423-427. [PMID: 29160392 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201601205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to isolate Enterobacteria and Pseudomonas from the oral cavity of hospitalized newborns (NB) and determine their prevalence and the sensitivity profile to most commonly used antibiotics for this age group. Samples from the oral cavity of NB from 24 to 48 h age were collected using swabs. The samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar, incubated and the colonies counted and identified. For each strain, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using agar dilution test. Tests for enterobacteria producing extended spectrumβ-lactamases (ESBL) were performed using agar diffusion. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Two of the isolated strains were submitted to the susceptibility test in biofilm. Of the collected samples, 8% presented Enterobacteria (mean of 6,141 CFU/mL) and no Pseudomona species was isolated. Positive samples were from NB in accommodation set or in the NB nursery. Enterobacter was the most prevalent genus and some strains were resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin and cephalothin. No ESBL strain was detected. Microorganisms in biofilms were resistant to all antibiotics, with concentrations four times higher than MIC. The presence of enterobacteria in the oral cavity of newborns, especially some strains resistant to normally used antibiotics, warns to the need for care to avoid the early colonization of this niche and the occurrence of a possible hospital infection in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Institute of Science and Technology, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulsta, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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Le Bars P, Matamoros S, Montassier E, Le Vacon F, Potel G, Soueidan A, Jordana F, de La Cochetière MF. The oral cavity microbiota: between health, oral disease, and cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:475-492. [PMID: 28257583 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many studies show that the human microbiome plays a critical role in the chronic pathologies of obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and diabetes. More recently, the interaction between cancer and the microbiome has been highlighted. Most studies have focused on the gut microbiota because it represents the most extensive bacterial community, and the body of evidence correlating it with gut syndromes is increasing. However, in the strict sense, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract begins in the oral cavity, and special attention should be paid to the specific flora of this cavity. This study reviewed the current knowledge about the various microbial ecosystems of the upper part of the GI tract and discussed their potential link to carcinogenesis. The overall composition of the microbial communities, as well as the presence or absence of "key species", in relation to carcinogenesis is addressed. Alterations in the oral microbiota can potentially be used to predict the risk of cancer. Molecular advances and the further monitoring of the microbiota will increase our understanding of the role of the microbiota in carcinogenesis and open new perspectives for future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- a UFR d'odontologie, UIC Odontologie, CHU hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, place Alexis Ricordeau, B.P. 84215, 44042 Nantes CEDEX 1, France
| | - Sébastien Matamoros
- b Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1, place de l'Université, 1348 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Montassier
- c EA 3826 Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Faculté de médecine, CHU hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, rue G. Veil, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Le Vacon
- d Biofortis Innovation Services - Mérieux NutriSciences, 3, route de la Chatterie, 44800 Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Gilles Potel
- c EA 3826 Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Faculté de médecine, CHU hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, rue G. Veil, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Assem Soueidan
- a UFR d'odontologie, UIC Odontologie, CHU hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, place Alexis Ricordeau, B.P. 84215, 44042 Nantes CEDEX 1, France
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- a UFR d'odontologie, UIC Odontologie, CHU hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, place Alexis Ricordeau, B.P. 84215, 44042 Nantes CEDEX 1, France
| | - Marie-France de La Cochetière
- c EA 3826 Thérapeutiques cliniques et expérimentales des infections, Faculté de médecine, CHU hôtel-Dieu, Université de Nantes, 1, rue G. Veil, 44000 Nantes, France
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Moscicki AB, Yao TJ, Ryder MI, Russell JS, Dominy SS, Patel K, McKenna M, Van Dyke RB, Seage GR, Hazra R. The Burden of Oral Disease among Perinatally HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Youth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156459. [PMID: 27299992 PMCID: PMC4907464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare oral health parameters in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected youth (PHEU). Methods In a cross-sectional substudy within the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, participants were examined for number of decayed teeth (DT), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), oral mucosal disease, and periodontal disease (PD). Covariates for oral health parameters were examined using zero-inflated negative binomial regression and ordinal logistic regression models. Results Eleven sites enrolled 209 PHIV and 126 PHEU. Higher DT scores were observed in participants who were PHIV [Adjusted Mean Ratio (aMR) = 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.5)], female [aMR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9)], had no source of regular dental care [aMR = 2.3 (1.5–3.4)], and had a high frequency of meals/snacks [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.9 (1.1–3.1)] and juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.6 (1.1–2.4)]. Higher DMFT scores were observed in participants who were older [≥19, aMR = 1.9 (1.2–2.9)], had biological parent as caregiver [aMR = 1.2 (1.0–1.3)], had a high frequency of juice/soda [≥5 /day vs 0–3, aMR = 1.4 (1.1–1.7)] and a low saliva flow rate [mL/min, aMR = 0.8 per unit higher (0.6–1.0)]. Eighty percent had PD; no differences were seen by HIV status using the patient-based classifications of health, gingivitis or mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. No associations were observed of CD4 count and viral load with oral health outcomes after adjustment. Conclusions Oral health was poor in PHIV and PHEU youth. This was dismaying since most HIV infected children in the U.S. are carefully followed at medical health care clinics. This data underscore the need for regular dental care. As PHIV youth were at higher risk for cavities, it will be important to better understand this relationship in order to develop targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Tzy-Jyun Yao
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark I. Ryder
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan S. Russell
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Dominy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kunjal Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matt McKenna
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research (CBAR), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Russell B. Van Dyke
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - George R. Seage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rohan Hazra
- Maternal and Pediatric Infectious Disease Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shiboski
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Boyanova L, Kolarov R, Mateva L, Markovska R, Mitov I. Actinomycosis: a frequently forgotten disease. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:613-28. [PMID: 25865197 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycosis is a rare subacute or chronic, endogenous infection mainly by Actinomyces species, showing low virulence through fimbriae and biofilms. Cervicofacial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic and sometimes cerebral, laryngeal, urinary and other regions can be affected. Actinomycosis mimics other diseases, often malignancy. Disease risk in immunocompromised subjects needs clarification. Diagnosis is often delayed and 'sulfur granules' are helpful but nonspecific. Culture requires immediate specimen transport and prolonged anaerobic incubation. Imaging, histology, cytology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and molecular methods improve the diagnosis. Actinomycetes are β-lactam susceptible, occasionally resistant. Treatment includes surgery and/or long-term parenteral then oral antibiotics, but some 1-4-week regimens or oral therapy alone were curative. For prophylaxis, oral hygiene and regular intrauterine device replacement are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Boyanova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
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Duse M, Zicari A, Berlutti F, Ernesti I, Occasi F, Leonardi L, Polimeni A. The Growth of Streptococcus Mutansin Different Milks for Infant Feeding. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 27:137-41. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201402700119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Duse
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - A.M. Zicari
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Berlutti
- Department of Health Sciences and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
| | - I. Ernesti
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Occasi
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Leonardi
- Department of Pediatrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Polimeni
- Department of Dental Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy
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