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Wang X, Li F, Wu S, Xing W, Fu J, Wang R, He Y. Research progress on optimization of in vitro isolation, cultivation and preservation methods of dental pulp stem cells for clinical application. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1305614. [PMID: 38633667 PMCID: PMC11021638 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1305614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to high proliferative capacity, multipotent differentiation, immunomodulatory abilities, and lack of ethical concerns, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising candidates for clinical application. Currently, clinical research on DPSCs is in its early stages. The reason for the failure to obtain clinically effective results may be problems with the production process of DPSCs. Due to the different preparation methods and reagent formulations of DPSCs, cell characteristics may be affected and lead to inconsistent experimental results. Preparation of clinical-grade DPSCs is far from ready. To achieve clinical application, it is essential to transit the manufacturing of stem cells from laboratory grade to clinical grade. This review compares and analyzes experimental data on optimizing the preparation methods of DPSCs from extraction to resuscitation, including research articles, invention patents and clinical trials. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods and potential clinical applications are discussed, and factors that could improve the quality of DPSCs for clinical application are proposed. The aim is to summarize the current manufacture of DPSCs in the establishment of a standardized, reliable, safe, and economic method for future preparation of clinical-grade cell products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fenyao Li
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiao Fu
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruoxuan Wang
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College of the Ministry of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Pereira L, Echarte L, Romero M, Grazioli G, Pérez-Campos H, Francia A, Vicentino W, Mombrú AW, Faccio R, Álvarez I, Touriño C, Pardo H. Synthesis and characterization of a bovine collagen: GAG scaffold with Uruguayan raw material for tissue engineering. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:123-142. [PMID: 34536180 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-021-09960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine offer strategies to improve damaged tissues by using scaffolds and cells. The use of collagen-based biomaterials in the field of TE has been intensively growing over the past decades. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are promising cell candidates for development of clinical composites. In this study, we proposed the development of a bovine collagen type I: chondroitin-6-sulphate (CG) scaffold, obtained from Uruguayan raw material (certified as free bovine spongiform encephalopathy), with CG crosslinking enhancement using different gamma radiation doses. Structural, biomechanical and chemical characteristics of the scaffolds were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, axial tensile tests, FT-IR and Raman Spectroscopy, respectively. Once we selected the most appropriate scaffold for future use as a TE product, we studied the behavior of MSCs and DPSCs cultured on the scaffold by cytotoxicity, proliferation and differentiation assays. Among the diverse porous scaffolds obtained, the one with the most adequate properties was the one exposed to 15 kGy of gamma radiation. This radiation dose contributed to the crosslinking of molecules, to the formation of new bonds and/or to the reorganization of the collagen fibers. The selected scaffold was non-cytotoxic for the tested cells and a suitable substrate for cell proliferation. Furthermore, the scaffold allowed MSCs differentiation to osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Thus, this work shows a promising approach to the synthesis of a collagen-scaffold suitable for TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pereira
- Centro NanoMat, Facultad de Química, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, UdelaR, Camino Aparicio Saravia s/n, 9100, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - L Echarte
- Área Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (ATCMR), Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Romero
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Química, DETEMA, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), General Flores, 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Grazioli
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - H Pérez-Campos
- Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de salud Pública-Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Ministerio, Uruguay
| | - A Francia
- Fisiología general y bucodental, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - W Vicentino
- Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de salud Pública-Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Ministerio, Uruguay
| | - A W Mombrú
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Química, DETEMA, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), General Flores, 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Faccio
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Química, DETEMA, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), General Flores, 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - I Álvarez
- Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de salud Pública-Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Ministerio, Uruguay
| | - C Touriño
- Área Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (ATCMR), Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - H Pardo
- Cátedra de Física, Facultad de Química, DETEMA, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), General Flores, 2124, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Echarte L, Grazioli G, Pereira L, Francia A, Pérez H, Kuzuian W, Vicentino W, Pardo H, Mombrú A, Maglia Á, Touriño C, Álvarez I. Processing methods for human amniotic membrane as scaffold for tissue engineering with mesenchymal stromal human cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:269-283. [PMID: 35906514 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences toward the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function. The aims of this work were to compare chemically and physically processed human Amniotic Membranes (hAM) and analyze the cytocompatibility and proliferation rate (PR) of two primary human mesenchymal stromal cell lines, from different sources and donor conditions seeded over these scaffolds. The evaluated hAM processes were: cold shock to obtain a frozen amniotic membrane (FEAM) with remaining dead epithelial cells, denudation of hAM with trypsin for 20/10 min (DEAM20/10) or treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate to decellularized hAM (DAM). All samples were sterilized with gamma radiation. The selection of the treated hAM to then generate composites was performed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and characterization by X-ray diffraction, selecting DEAM10 and FEAM as scaffolds for cell seeding. Two sources of primary human stromal cells were used, both developed by our researchers, human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC) from living donors and human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSC) from bone marrow isolated from brain dead donors. This last line of cells conveys a novel source of human cells that, to our knowledge, have not been tested as part of this type of construct. We developed four in vitro constructs without cytotoxicity signs and with different PR depending on the scaffolds and cells. hDPSC and hMSC grew over both FEAM and DEAM10, but DEAM10 allowed higher PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Echarte
- Área Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (ATCMR), Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G Grazioli
- Cátedra de Materiales Dentales, Facultad de Odontología UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Pereira
- Departamento de Biomateriales, Facultad de Química, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Pando, UdelaR, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - A Francia
- Facultad de Odontología UdelaR, Fisiología General y Bucodental, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - H Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de Salud Pública- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - W Kuzuian
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de Salud Pública- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - W Vicentino
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de Salud Pública- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - H Pardo
- Departamento de Biomateriales, Facultad de Química, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Pando, UdelaR, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - A Mombrú
- Departamento de Biomateriales, Facultad de Química, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Pando, UdelaR, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Á Maglia
- Facultad de Odontología UdelaR, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología Bucodental, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C Touriño
- Área Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (ATCMR), Departamento Básico de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - I Álvarez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Donación y Trasplante (INDT), Ministerio de Salud Pública- Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de La República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Bassett C, Triplett H, Lott K, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Differential Expression of MicroRNA (MiR-27, MiR-145) among Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) Following Neurogenic Differentiation Stimuli. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3003. [PMID: 38002003 PMCID: PMC10669296 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the expression of previously identified microRNAs known to regulate neuronal differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including miR-27, miR-125, miR-128, miR-135, miR-140, miR-145, miR-218 and miR-410, among dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) under conditions demonstrated to induce neuronal differentiation. Using an approved protocol, n = 12 DPSCs were identified from an existing biorepository and treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), which were previously demonstrated to induce neural differentiation markers including Sox1, Pax6 and NFM among these DPSCs. This study revealed that some microRNAs involved in the neuronal differentiation of MSCs were also differentially expressed among the DPSCs, including miR-27 and miR-145. In addition, this study also revealed that administration of bFGF and EGF was sufficient to modulate miR-27 and miR-145 expression in all of the stimulus-responsive DPSCs but not among all of the non-responsive DPSCs-suggesting that further investigation of the downstream targets of these microRNAs may be needed to fully evaluate and understand these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlton Bassett
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1700 West Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (C.B.); (H.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Hunter Triplett
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1700 West Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (C.B.); (H.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Keegan Lott
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1700 West Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (C.B.); (H.T.); (K.L.)
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
| | - Karl Kingsley
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA;
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Differential Effects of Extracellular Matrix Glycoproteins Fibronectin and Laminin-5 on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Phenotypes and Responsiveness. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020091. [PMID: 36826890 PMCID: PMC9963712 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with the potential to differentiate in a limited number of other tissue types. Some evidence has suggested the modulation of DPSC growth may be mediated, in part, by exogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, including fibronectin (FN) and laminin-5 (LN5). Although preliminary research suggests that some ECM glycoproteins may work as functional biomaterials to modulate DPSC growth responses, the primary goal of this project is to determine the specific effects of FN and LN5 on DPSC growth and viability. Using an existing DPSC repository, n = 16 DPSC isolates were cultured and 96-well growth assays were performed, which revealed FN, LN5 and the combination of these were sufficient to induce statistically significant changes in growth among five (n = 5) DPSC isolates. In addition, the administration of FN (either alone or in combination) was sufficient to induce the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), while LN5 induced the expression of ALP only, suggesting differential responsiveness among DPSCs. Moreover, these responses appeared to correlate with the expression of MSC biomarkers NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. These results add to the growing body of evidence suggesting that functional biomaterials, such as ECM glycoproteins FN and LN5, are sufficient to induce phenotypic and differentiation-specific effects in a specific subset of DPSC isolates. More research will be needed to determine which biomarkers or additional factors are necessary and sufficient to induce the differentiation and development of DPSCs ex vivo and in vitro for biomedical applications.
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Lott K, Collier P, Ringor M, Howard KM, Kingsley K. Administration of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) to Induce Neural Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) Isolates. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020255. [PMID: 36830791 PMCID: PMC9953474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging populations in many countries have developed many chronic illnesses and diseases, including chronic neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's and Azheimer's diseases. Many new lines of research and treatment are focusing on the potential for neurologic regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the rapidly growing field of regenerative medicine. This may include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which have recently been demonstrated to produce neuronal precursors. Based upon this evidence, the primary aim of this study was to determine if the growth factors used in MSC-based studies are sufficient to induce neuronal differentiation among DPSCs. Using an existing biorepository, n = 16 DPSC isolates were thawed and cultured for this study, which revealed several subpopulations of rapid-, intermediate-, and slowly dividing DPSCs. Administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were sufficient to induce differential changes in growth and viability mainly among some of the rapidly growing DPSCs (n = 4). These phenotypic changes included expression of neural differentiation markers including Sox1, Pax6 and NF-M, which were observed only among those DPSC isolates not expressing early odontoblast-specific biomarkers such as ALP and DSPP. Future studies will be needed to confirm if these methods are sufficient to induce consistent and reliable induction of DPSCs towards neuronal specific differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Lott
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Paris Collier
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Marc Ringor
- School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1700 W. Charleston Boulevard, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Katherine M. Howard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-2623
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Huang H, He X, Yarmush ML. Advanced technologies for the preservation of mammalian biospecimens. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:793-804. [PMID: 34426675 PMCID: PMC8765766 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The three classical core technologies for the preservation of live mammalian biospecimens-slow freezing, vitrification and hypothermic storage-limit the biomedical applications of biospecimens. In this Review, we summarize the principles and procedures of these three technologies, highlight how their limitations are being addressed via the combination of microfabrication and nanofabrication, materials science and thermal-fluid engineering and discuss the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishui Huang
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Khaseb S, Orooji M, Pour MG, Safavi SM, Eghbal MJ, Rezai Rad M. Dental stem cell banking: Techniques and protocols. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1851-1865. [PMID: 33979004 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dental tissue-derived stem cells (DSCs) provide an easy, accessible, relatively noninvasive promising source of adult stem cells (ASCs), which brought encouraging prospective for their clinical applications. DSCs provide a perfect opportunity to apply for a patient's own ASC, which poses a low risk of immune rejection. However, problems associated with the long-term culture of stem cells, including loss of proliferation and differentiation capacities, senescence, genetic instability, and the possibility of microbial contamination, make cell banking necessary. With the rapid development of advanced cryopreservation technology, various international DSC banks have been established for both research and clinical applications around the world. However, few studies have been published that provide step-by-step guidance on DSCs isolation and banking methods. The purpose of this review is to present protocols and technical details for all steps of cryopreserved DSCs, from donor selection, isolation, cryopreservation, to characterization and quality control. Here, the emphasis is on presenting practical principles in accordance with the available valid guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Khaseb
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Orooji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ghasemian Pour
- Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Safavi
- Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Eghbal
- Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezai Rad
- Research Institute for Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bae S, Kang B, Lee H, Luu H, Mullins E, Kingsley K. Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Responses to Functional Biomaterials Including Mineralized Trioxide Aggregates. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12010015. [PMID: 33668171 PMCID: PMC8006251 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies in stem cell biology have demonstrated that dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) may be highly proliferative and capable of pluripotent differentiation into many different tissue types. Recent advances in stem cell research have outlined methods for directing in vitro or in vivo growth, viability, and proliferation, as well as differentiation of DPSC-although much remains to be discovered. Based upon this information, the primary objective of this study was to understand the functional biomaterials needed to more effectively direct DPSC viability, growth, and proliferation. METHODS Using an approved protocol, previously collected and isolated samples of DPSC from an existing repository were used. Previously established stem cell biomarkers (Sox-2, Oct-4, NANOG) from each isolate were correlated with their proliferation rates or doubling times to categorize them into rapid, intermediate, or slow-dividing multipotent DPSC. Growth factors and other functional dental biomaterials were subsequently tested to evaluate DPSC responses in proliferation, viability, and morphology. RESULTS Differential responses were observed among DPSC isolates to growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2), and functional biomaterials such as mineralized trioxide aggregates (MTA). The responsiveness of DPSC isolates did not correlate with any single factor but rather with a combination of proliferation rate and biomarker expression. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that some, but not all, DPSC isolates are capable of a robust and significant in vitro response to differentiation stimuli, although this response is not universal. Although some biomarkers and phenotypes that distinguish and characterize these DPSC isolates may facilitate the ability to predict growth, viability, and differentiation potential, more research is needed to determine the other intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may contribute to and modulate these DPSC responses to these functional biomaterials for biotechnology and bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Bae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.B.); (B.K.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Bueonguk Kang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.B.); (B.K.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Hyungbin Lee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.B.); (B.K.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Harrison Luu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.B.); (B.K.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Eric Mullins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1700 W. Charleston, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA; (S.B.); (B.K.); (H.L.); (H.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Karl Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, 1001 Shadow Lane, Las Vegas, NV 89106, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-774-24623; Fax: +1-702-774-2721
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Assessment of Post-thaw Quality of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells After Long-Term Cryopreservation by Uncontrolled Freezing. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 191:728-743. [PMID: 31853872 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation abilities of dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (DMSCs) including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dental follicle stem cells (DFSC) play an important role in the applications of these cells in clinical settings. In this context, we checked whether storage at - 80 °C in 10% DMSO for a longer period has any adverse effect on the functionality and genetic stability. We carried our studies on DPSC and DFSC samples that were revived after a maximum of 5 years of cryopreservation. We observed that even after long-term uncontrolled freezing at - 80 °C, these cells survived and proliferated efficiently. The assessment was made based on their post-thaw morphology, immunophenotypes, differentiation potential, growth kinetics, and genetic features. These cells retained the expression of stemness markers, differentiation ability and maintained their normal karyotype. Our results indicated no significant morphological or immunophenotypic differences between the cryopreserved DMSCs and the fresh DMSCs. Our study implies that mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the dental tissue origin are very robust and do not require any sophisticated preservation protocols. Thus, these can be an ideal source for research, stem cell banking, as well as successful clinical applications in tissue engineering and cell-based therapeutics. Graphical Abstract Schematic diagram showing the cryopreservation of DMSCs by uncontrolled freezing at -80 c has no adverse effects on their functionality and genetic stability.
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Sartori LRM, Demarco FF. Bone, Periodontal and Dental Pulp Regeneration in Dentistry: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:77-95. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of presented systematic scoping review was to investigate the actual and future clinical possibilities of regenerative therapies and their ability to regenerate bone, periodontal and pulp with histological confirmation of the nature of formed tissue. Electronic search was conducted using a combination between Keywords and MeSH terms in PubMed, Scopus, ISI-Web of Science and Cochrane library databases up to January 2016. Two reviewers conducted independently the papers judgment. Screened studies were read following the predetermined inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s modified framework. From 1349 papers, 168 completed inclusion criteria. Several characterized and uncharacterized cells used in Cell Therapy have provided bone regeneration, demonstrating bone gain in quantity and quality, even as accelerators for bone and periodontal regeneration. Synthetic and natural scaffolds presented good cell maintenance, however polyglycolid-polylactid presented faster resorption and consequently poor bone gain. The Growth Factor-Mediated Therapy was able to regenerate bone and all features of a periodontal tissue in bone defects. Teeth submitted to Revascularization presented an increase of length and width of root canal. However, formed tissues not seem able to deposit dentin, characterizing a repaired tissue. Both PRP and PRF presented benefits when applied in regenerative therapies as natural scaffolds. Therefore, most studies that applied regenerative therapies have provided promising results being possible to regenerate bone and periodontal tissue with histological confirmation. However, pulp regeneration was not reported. These results should be interpreted with caution due to the short follow-up periods.
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Abstract
In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and advanced scientific research topic. The development of treatment methods has evoked great expectations. This paper is a review focused on the discovery of different stem cells and the potential therapies based on these cells. The genesis of stem cells is followed by laboratory steps of controlled stem cell culturing and derivation. Quality control and teratoma formation assays are important procedures in assessing the properties of the stem cells tested. Derivation methods and the utilization of culturing media are crucial to set proper environmental conditions for controlled differentiation. Among many types of stem tissue applications, the use of graphene scaffolds and the potential of extracellular vesicle-based therapies require attention due to their versatility. The review is summarized by challenges that stem cell therapy must overcome to be accepted worldwide. A wide variety of possibilities makes this cutting edge therapy a turning point in modern medicine, providing hope for untreatable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zakrzewski
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Pedodontics, Krakowska 26, Wrocław, 50-425 Poland
| | - Maria Szymonowicz
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rybak
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Biomaterials Research, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, Wrocław, 50-345 Poland
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Anitua E, Zalduendo M, Troya M. Autologous plasma rich in growth factors technology for isolation and ex vivo expansion of human dental pulp stem cells for clinical translation. Regen Med 2019; 14:97-111. [PMID: 30767653 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the use of the autologous technology of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) as a human-based substitute to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the culture of human dental pulp stem cells. MATERIALS & METHODS Stem cell characterization was performed. Analysis of isolation, proliferation, migration, trilineage differentiation, senescence and cryopreservation were compared between FBS and PRGF. RESULTS Human dental pulp stem cell cultures isolated and maintained with PRGF showed a significantly higher number of cells per explant than FBS cultures. Cell proliferation, migration, osteogenic mineralization and adipogenic differentiation were found to be significantly higher in PRGF than FBS. CONCLUSION The autologous PRGF technology could be a suitable and safer substitute for FBS as a culture medium supplement for clinical translation of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Regenerative Medicine Department, Vitoria 01007, Spain.,University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology UIRMI, UPV/EHU - Fundación Eduardo Anitua, Vitoria 01007, Spain
| | - Mar Zalduendo
- BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Regenerative Medicine Department, Vitoria 01007, Spain
| | - María Troya
- BTI - Biotechnology Institute, Regenerative Medicine Department, Vitoria 01007, Spain
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Daniela Ferreira Araújo BENÍCIO, Luciana Oliveira PEREIRA, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da SILVA, Ricardo Bentes AZEVEDO, Ana Cristina Barreto BEZERRA. Culture of human dental pulp cells at variable times post-tooth extraction. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e003. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Chisini LA, Conde MCM, Grazioli G, Martin ASS, Carvalho RVD, Nör JE, Demarco FF. Venous Blood Derivatives as FBS-Substitutes for Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Systematic Scoping Review. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:657-668. [PMID: 29211118 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the biological properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are well-characterized in vitro, MSC clinical application is still far away to be achieved, mainly due to the need of xenogeneic substances for cell expansion, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS presents risks regarding pathogens transmissions and internalization of animal's proteins, which can unleash antigenic responses in patients after MSC implantation. A wide range of venous blood derivatives (VBD) has been reported as FBS substitutes showing promising results. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic scoping review to analyze whether VBD are effective FBS substitutes for MSC ex vivo expansion. The search was performed in SciVerse ScopusTM, PubMed, Web of ScienceTM, BIREME, Cochrane library up to January 2016. The keywords were selected using MeSH and entry terms. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 184 found studies, 90 were included. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) were presented in most of these studies. Overall, VBD allowed for either, maintenance of MCS's fibroblast-like morphology, high proliferation, high colony-formation ability and maintenance of multipotency. Besides. MSC expanded in VBD supplements presented higher mitogen activity than FBS. VBD seems to be excellent xeno-free serum for ex vivo expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. However, an accentuated heterogeneity was observed between the carried out protocols for VBD isolation did not allowing for direct comparisons between the included studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz A Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus C M Conde
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNIVATES - Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Alissa S San Martin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jacques E Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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