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Peres TS, de Quirino Oliveira HL, Mendoza LCL, Ribeiro MTH, Carlo HL, Price RB, Soares CJ. Effect of four different mono and multi-wave light-curing units on the Knoop hardness of veneer resin composites. Dent Mater 2024; 40:80-89. [PMID: 37919111 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of mono and multi-wave light-curing units (LCUs) on the Knoop hardness of resin-based composites (RBC) that use different photoinitiators. METHODS Central incisor-shaped specimens 12 mm long, 9 mm wide, and 1.5 mm thick were made from 2 RBCs that use different photoinitiators: Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) - and Vittra APS (FGM), both A2E shade. They were light-cured with 4 different LCUs: two claimed to be multi-wave - VALO Grand (Ultradent) and Emitter Now Duo (Schuster); and two were monowave - Radii Xpert (SDI) and Elipar DeepCure-L (3 M Oral Care) using 2 different light exposure protocols: one 40 s exposure centered over the specimen; and two 20 s light exposures that delivered light from two positions to better cover the entire tooth. 16 groups with 10 specimens in each group were made. The Knoop hardness (KH, kg/mm2) was measured at the top and bottom of the specimen in the center and at the cervical, incisal, mesial, and distal peripheral regions. The active tip diameters (mm) and spectral radiant powers (mW/nm) of the LCUs were measured with and without the interposition of the RBC, as well as the radiant exposure beam profiles (J/cm²) delivered to the top of the RBCs. The data was analyzed using Three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The VALO Grand (1029 mW) emitted twice the power of the Radii Xpert (500 mW). The KH values of VI and TN resin composite specimens were significantly affected by the LCU used (p < .001), the measurement location (p < .001), and the surface of the specimen (p < .001). LCUs with wider tip diameters produced greater Knoop hardness values at the peripheries of the 12 mm of long, 9 mm wide specimens. In general, the VALO Grand produced the highest KH values, followed by Elipar DeepCure-L, then by Radii Xpert. The Emitter Now Duo LCU produced the lowest values. Exposing the veneers from two locations reduced the differences between the LCUs and the effect of the measurement location. Only the VALO Grand could fully cover the composite veneer with light when the two locations were used. SIGNIFICANCE The light tip must cover the entire restoration to photocure the RBC beneath the light tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Silva Peres
- School of Dentistry, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Richard Bengt Price
- Dental Clinical Sciences Department and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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2
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Mazão JD, Ribeiro MTH, Braga SSL, Zancopé K, Price RB, Soares CJ. Effect of thickness and shade of CAD/CAM composite on the light transmission from different light-curing units. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e114. [PMID: 37970934 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The thickness and shade of a restoration will affect the transmission of light from the light-curing unit (LCU). This study determined the power (mW), spectral radiant power (mW/nm), and beam profile of different LCUs through various thicknesses and shades of a CAD-CAM resin composite (BRAVA Block, FGM). Five thicknesses: 0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 mm, in three shades: Bleach; A2 and A3.5 of a CAD-CAM resin (n = 5). Two single-peak LCUs: EL, Elipar DeepCure-S (3M Oral Care); and OP, Optilight Max (Gnatus), and one multiple-peak LCU: VL, VALO Grand (Ultradent), were used. The LCUs were positioned touching the surface of the BRAVA Block. The power and emission spectrum were measured using a fiberoptic spectrometer attached to an integrating sphere, and the beam profiles using a laser beam profiler. The effect of the material thickness on the light attenuation coefficients was determined. VL and EL delivered more homogeneous beam profiles than OP. The type of the BRAVA Block had a significant effect on the transmitted power, and wavelengths of transmitted light (p < 0.001). There was an exponential reduction in the power and emission spectrum as the thickness of the BRAVA Block increased (p < 0.001). The light transmission through the A2 shade was least affected by the thickness (p < 0.001). The attenuation coefficient was higher for the violet light and higher for A3.5 than the A2 or Bleach shades. No violet light from the VL could be detected at the bottom of 2.0 mm of the BRAVA Block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dantas Mazão
- Universidade Federal de Uberlânida - UFU, School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Uberlânida - UFU, School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga
- Universidade Federal de Uberlânida - UFU, School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Karla Zancopé
- Universidade Federal de Uberlânida - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontic and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Richard Bengt Price
- Dalhousie University, Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlânida - UFU, School of Dentistry, Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials Department, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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3
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Antunes EVG, Basting RT, do Amaral FLB, França FMG, Turssi CP, Kantovitz KR, Bronze-Uhle ES, Filho PNL, Basting RT. Titanium dioxide nanotubes in a hydrogen peroxide-based bleaching agent: physicochemical properties and effectiveness of dental bleaching under the influence of a poliwave led light activation. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1745-1755. [PMID: 36441269 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of different concentrations of titanium dioxide (TiO2) into 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) were evaluated as regards the effectiveness of dental color change either associated with activation by polywave LED light or not. MATERIALS AND METHODS TiO2 (0, 1, 5, or 10%) was incorporated into HP to be applied during in-office bleaching (3 sessions/40 min each). Polywave LED light (Valo Corded/Ultradent) was applied or not in activation cycles of 15 s (total time of 2 min). The color of 80 third molars separated into groups according to TiO2 concentration and light activation (n = 10) was evaluated at baseline and at time intervals after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd bleaching sessions. RESULTS WID value was significantly higher when using HP with 5% TiO2 in the 2nd session than the values in the other groups (p < 0.05). After the 2nd and 3rd sessions, the ΔEab value was significantly higher when activated with light (p < 0.05) for all agents containing TiO2 or not. Zeta potential and pH of the agents were not modified by incorporating TiO2 at the different concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The 5% TiO2 in the bleaching agent could enhance tooth bleaching, even without light application. Association with polywave LED light potentiated the color change, irrespective of the presence of TiO2 in the bleaching gel. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE HP with 5% TiO2 could lead to a greater tooth bleaching response in the 2nd clinical session, as well as the polywave light can enhance color change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13045-755, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecilia Pedroso Turssi
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13045-755, Brazil
| | - Erika Soares Bronze-Uhle
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 2085, Nucleo Res. Pres. Geisel, Bauru, São Paulo, CEP: 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa Filho
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 2085, Nucleo Res. Pres. Geisel, Bauru, São Paulo, CEP: 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Roberta Tarkany Basting
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira 13, Bairro Swift, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP: 13045-755, Brazil.
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4
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Resin Composites in Posterior Teeth: Clinical Performance and Direct Restorative Techniques. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120222. [PMID: 36547038 PMCID: PMC9777426 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin composites are the most versatile restorative materials used in dentistry and the first choice for restoring posterior teeth. This article reviews aspects that influence the clinical performance of composite restorations and addresses clinically relevant issues regarding different direct techniques for restoring posterior teeth that could be performed in varied clinical situations. The article discusses the results of long-term clinical trials with resin composites and the materials available in the market for posterior restorations. The importance of photoactivation is presented, including aspects concerning the improvement of the efficiency of light-curing procedures. With regard to the restorative techniques, the article addresses key elements and occlusion levels for restoring Class I and Class II cavities, in addition to restorative strategies using different shades/opacities of resin composites in incremental techniques, restorations using bulk-fill composites, and shade-matching composites.
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5
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Marques JFDL, Ferraz LN, Lopes BKB, Vasconcelos TAB, Teixeira TR, Lima DANL, Aguiar FHB, Miranda DDA. Assessment of influence of LED curing units used on microhardness of resin-modified glass ionomer sealants. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8666202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Resin modified glass ionomer (RMGI) is class of material that can be used as sealant for preventing and arresting the progression of caries in pits and fissures. As these are hybrid materials, their properties can be affected by factors related to the polymerization process. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different generations of LED curing units (Elipar DeepCure-L and VALO Grand) on Knoop microhardness values (KHN) of RMGI sealants (Clinpro XT and Vitremer). Methods: Forty cylindrical specimens (6mm ø x 1 mm high) were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and divided into four groups (n=10) according to the type of RMGI and LED used. The KHN of the top surface of each sample was calculated 7 days after light-curing. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: Vitremer had higher KHN values than Clinpro XT after using both LEDs (p<0.0001), but especially when light-cured with the use of VALO Grand (p<0.0001). Whereas the KHN value of Clinpro was not influenced by the LED device (p>0.05). Conclusions: Top surface microhardness values of RGMI sealants were affected by both material composition and generations of LED curing units used. Third generation LED curing units seemed to be more efficient for the polymerization of RMGI-based sealants.
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6
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Oh S, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Antonson SA, Kim SY. Influence of irradiation distance on the mechanical performances of resin composites polymerized with high-irradiance light curing units. Biomater Res 2022; 26:18. [PMID: 35596228 PMCID: PMC9123695 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of increased irradiation distance on the flexural strength (FS), dentin micro-shear bond strength (μSBS), and the degree of conversion (DC) of bulk-fill flowable, conventional flowable, and packable resin composites. Methods The resin composites tested were Surefil® SDR™ (SDR), Filtek Z350 XT Flowable Restorative A2 shade (Z3F), and Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative A2 shade (Z3P). Specimens were cured at four irradiation distances (0, 2, 4, and 8 mm) with an Elipar DeepCure-S LED curing light for 20 s. FS tests were performed (n = 15) using bar-shaped specimens (8 mm × 2 mm × 2 mm) of the resin composites. μSBS tests were performed on the occlusal surfaces of extracted third molars from humans that were ground to expose dentin (n = 15). DC was measured by using Raman spectroscopy on the top and bottom surfaces of disk specimens (2-mm thick) (n = 3). To further investigate whether extended irradiation times could compensate for reduced irradiance, additional Z3P specimens were prepared, which were light-cured at 8-mm distances for 40 and 60 s and subjected to FS tests, μSBS tests, and Raman spectroscopy. Both two-way and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses. Results Both FS and DC of Z3P specimens cured at an 8-mm distance were significantly lower than those cured at shorter distances (p < 0.05), whereas the FS and DC of the Z3F and SDR specimens were not significantly influenced by increasing distances. The μSBSs of the three types of resin composites reduced with increasing irradiation distances. The FS, μSBS, and DC of the Z3P specimen light-cured at 8 mm for 40 s were comparable to those of the Z3P specimen cured at 0 mm for 20 s. Conclusions Increasing the irradiation distance to 8 mm can have a deleterious influence on mechanical performances, including the FS, DC, and dentin μSBS, of the resin composites polymerized with high-irradiance light curing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soram Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoe-gi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kyung Hee University Dental Hospital, 1 Hoe-gi-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Sibel A Antonson
- Department of Oral Science and Translational Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Dr., Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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7
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Fernandes Neto C, Narimatsu MH, Magão PH, da Costa RM, Pfeifer CS, Furuse AY. Physical-chemical characterization and bond strength to zirconia of dental adhesives with different monomer mixtures and photoinitiator systems light-activated with poly and monowave devices. Biomater Investig Dent 2022; 9:20-32. [PMID: 35528027 PMCID: PMC9067976 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2022.2064289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bonding to crystalline zirconia is currently a challenge. Properly cured adhesives are crucial to optimize this bond, and that in turn is influenced by the initial mobility of the system, as well as by the reactivity of the initiators. Aim: This study aimed to characterize adhesives containing monomer mixtures of different viscosities and double and triple photoinitiator systems; and to evaluate the bonding to Y-TZP zirconia, when adhesives were light-activated with monowave or polywave light-curing units (LCU). Materials and methods: Adhesives were formulated at a 1:1 weight proportion of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA or Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA. To these mixtures 0.5 wt% of CQ, 0.5–1.0 wt% of DABE, 0.5–1.0 wt% of DPIHP, or 0.5–1.0 wt% of TAS-Sb were added and used as photoinitiator systems. A total of ten adhesives were prepared. Resin composite cylinders were cemented on zirconia slices and 6000 thermal cycles were performed. Degree of conversion (DC), sorption (SO) and solubility (SL) after 7 days of water storage, and microshear bond strength (µSBS) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (α = 0.05). Results: Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA combined with either CQ/DABE or CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb presented the highest DC, and no significant differences were observed for LCUs (p = .298). CQ/DABE < CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb ≈ CQ/DABE/DPIHP and the polywave LCU showed smaller overall SO (p < .05). Bis-GMA/TEGDMA with CQ/DABE cured with the polywave LCU presented the lowest SO. SL varied as follows: CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb < CQ/DABE/DPIHP < CQ/DABE (p < .001). For µSBS, only the factor photoinitiator system was significant (p = .045). All mean values were above 30 MPa, with higher values being observed for BIS-GMA/TEGDMA and CQ/DABE. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the adhesive containing CQ/DABE/TAS-Sb as coinitiator of Bis-GMA/Bis-EMA mixtures produced a material with higher DC and lower SL, while bond strength values were similar to the ones obtained by CQ/DABE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantino Fernandes Neto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Mayara Hana Narimatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Magão
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Mendonça da Costa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Adilson Yoshio Furuse
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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8
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Prochnow FHO, Kunz PVM, Correr GM, Kaizer MDR, Gonzaga CC. Relationship between battery level and irradiance of light-curing units and their effects on the hardness of a bulk-fill composite resin. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e45. [DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gisele Maria Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina da Rosa Kaizer
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Cardoso IO, Machado AC, Fernandes LDO, Soares PV, Raposo LHA. Influence of Tip Diameter and Light Spectrum of Curing Units on the Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:360-366. [PMID: 34905778 PMCID: PMC9339921 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different light-curing units (LCUs) with distinct tip diameters and light spectra for activating bulk-fill resins.
Materials and Methods
The specimens (
n
= 10) were made from a conventional composite (Amaris, VOCO) and bulk-fill resins (Aura Bulk Fill, SDI; Filtek One, 3M ESPE; Tetric Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) with two diameters, 7 or 10 mm, × 2 mm thickness. Following 24 hours of specimen preparation, the degree of conversion (DC) was evaluated using the Fourier-transform infrared unit. Knoop hardness (KHN) readings were performed on the center and periphery of the specimens. Data were assessed for homoscedasticity and submitted to one-way and three-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey's and Dunnett's tests, depending on the analysis performed (α = 0.05).
Results
LCUs and specimen diameter significantly affected the DC. The
Tetric Bulk Fill
provided increased DC results when light-cured with
Valo
(54.8 and 53.5%, for 7 and 10 mm, respectively) compared with
Radii Xpert
(52.1 and 52.9%, for 7 and 10 mm, respectively). No significant differences in KHN results were noted for the conventional resin composite (
Amaris
) compared with LCUs (
p
= 0.213) or disc diameters (
p
= 0.587), but the center of the specimen exhibited superior KHN (
p
≤ 0.001) than the periphery.
Conclusion
The light spectrum of the multipeak LCU (
Valo
) significantly increased the DC and KHN of the bulk-fill resin composite with additional initiator to camphorquinone (
Tetric Bulk Fill
) compared with the monowave LCU (
Radii Xpert
). The tip size of the LCUs influenced the performance of some of the resin composites tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Oliveiros Cardoso
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa de Oliveira Fernandes
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vinícius Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo
- Department of Occlusion, Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Kojic DD, El-Mowafy O, Price R, El-Badrawy W. The Ability of Dental Practitioners to Light-Cure Simulated Restorations. Oper Dent 2021; 46:160-172. [PMID: 34111286 DOI: 10.2341/19-147-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using a patient simulator, dental professionals were tested to determine their ability to light-polymerize simulated restorations in their dental practice. After receiving specific instructions and training using the simulator, their ability to deliver sufficient light to polymerize restorations was significantly and substantially improved. SUMMARY Objectives: To determine the ability of dental professionals to deliver a radiant exposure of at least six J/cm2 in 10 seconds to simulated restorations.Methods and Materials: The study initially examined 113 light-emitting-diode (LED) light polymerization units (LPUs) used in dental offices to determine if they could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 radiant exposure (RE) in 10s. This assessment was completed by using a laboratory-grade light measuring device (checkMARC, BlueLight Analytics, Halifax, NS, Canada). The participating dental professionals whose LPUs could deliver 6 J/cm2 then used their own LPU to light-cure simulated anterior and posterior restorations in the MARC Patient Simulator (BlueLight Analytics). They then received specific instructions and were retested using the same LPUs. Data were statistically analyzed with a series of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), two-way ANOVA, paired-samples t-tests, Fisher post hoc multiple comparison tests, and McNemar tests with a preset alpha of 0.05 (SPSS Inc).Results: Ten (8.8%) LPUs could not deliver the required RE to the checkMARC in 10s and were eliminated from the study. For the anterior restoration, most dental practitioners (87.3%) could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 before instructions. After receiving additional light-curing instructions, only two (1.9%) participants were unable to deliver 6 J/cm2 to the anterior location. At the posterior location, only 55.3% (57) participants could deliver at least 6 J/cm2 before the instructions. After receiving these instructions, an additional 32 participants delivered at least 6 J/cm2. Overall, after receiving instructions on how to use the LPU correctly, the participants improved the amount of RE they delivered to anterior and posterior restorations by 22.5% and 30%, respectively.Conclusion: This study revealed that at the baseline, 44.7% of participating dental professionals failed to deliver 6 J/cm2 in 10s to the posterior simulated restoration when using their own LPU.
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11
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Borges MG, Silva GR, Neves FT, Soares CJ, Faria-E-Silva AL, Carvalho RF, Menezes MS. Oxygen Inhibition of Surface Composites and Its Correlation with Degree of Conversion and Color Stability. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:91-97. [PMID: 33914009 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of oxygen inhibition and finishing/polishing procedures on the composite resin properties. One bulk-fill and two conventional composite resins (nanoparticle and microhybrid) were evaluated. Specimens were prepared using 4 surface treatments: control, no treatment; Gly, oxygen inhibition with glycerin; FP, finishing and polishing; Gly + FP, glycerin followed by finishing and polishing. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) immediately and after 15 days (n=5). Color stability (ΔEab, and ΔE00) and opacity were evaluated using a spectrophotometer after 15 days of immersion in coffee, using the CIELAB system (n=5). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05) and opacity by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Glycerin usage increased significantly the DC however had no influence on the ΔEab, ΔE00 and, opacity values. Finishing and polishing reduced ΔEab and ΔE00 values, regardless of composite resins. Microhybrid showed higher opacity, followed by the nanoparticle and bulk fill, regardless of surface treatment. Post-polymerization polishing procedures resulted in lower conversion than using an oxygen inhibitor agent (Gly condition), but similar staining caused by coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gonçalves Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Gisele Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Teodoro Neves
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - André Luís Faria-E-Silva
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UFS - Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Furtado Carvalho
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Murilo Sousa Menezes
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, UFU - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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12
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Soares CJ, Braga S, Price RB. Relationship Between the Cost of 12 Light-curing Units and Their Radiant Power, Emission Spectrum, Radiant Exitance, and Beam Profile. Oper Dent 2021; 46:283-292. [PMID: 34437704 DOI: 10.2341/19-274-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To correlate the radiant power (mW), radiant exitance (or tip irradiance in mW/cm2), emission spectrum (mW/cm2/nm), and beam irradiance profile of 12 light-curing units (LCUs) available in the Brazilian market with their market cost. METHODS AND MATERIALS Six LCUs that cost more than US$900 (Bluephase G4,VALO Grand, VALO Cordless, Radii Xpert, Elipar DeepCure-S, and Radii plus) and six low-cost LCUs costing less than US$500 (Radii Cal, Optilight Max, High Power LED 3M, Emitter D, Emitter C, and LED B) were examined. Radiant power (mW) and emission spectrum (mW/nm) were measured using an integrating sphere connected to a fiber-optic spectroradiometer. The internal tip diameter (mm) of each LCU was measured using a digital caliper and was used to calculate the average radiant exitance (mW/cm2). Irradiance profiles at the light tip were measured using a commercial laser beam profiler. The cost of each LCU in Brazil was correlated with internal tip diameter, radiant power, and tip irradiance. RESULTS None of the low-cost LCUs were broad spectrum multiple peak LCUs. There was no correlation between the cost of the LCUs and their averaged tip irradiance; however, there was a high positive correlation between the cost of the LCUs and the radiant power and tip diameter. The VALO Grand, Elipar DeepCure-S, VALO Cordless, and Bluephase G4 all emitted a higher radiant power. They also had a significantly greater tip diameter than other LCUs. For the LCUs with a nonuniform output, some areas of the light tip delivered less than 400 mW/cm2, while other areas delivered more than 2500 mW/cm2. CONCLUSIONS In general, LCUs that had a higher cost (US$971-US$1800) delivered more power (mW) and had a greater tip diameter (mm), which covered more of a tooth. In general, the low-cost LCUs (US$224-US$470) emitted a lower radiant power and had a smaller tip diameter.
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13
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Ramos RQ, Moraes RR, Lopes GC. Effect of LED Light-Curing Spectral Emission Profile on Light-Cured Resin Cement Degree of Conversion. Oper Dent 2021; 46:63-74. [PMID: 33351938 DOI: 10.2341/19-234-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of multipeak LED light-curing guarantees efficiency on light activation of Ivocerin-containing light-cured resin cement. SUMMARY
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14
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Nassar HM, Abou Neel EA. Awareness and Utilization of Bulk-Fill Composites among Dental Practitioners in Saudi Arabia. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and utilization of Bulk-Fill (BF) resin composites among dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods:
An online survey was distributed through Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp applications among dentists in Saudi Arabia. A 31-item questionnaire covering personal data, general knowledge and utilization of BF composites was used. Responses were collected and analyzed for trends. A knowledge scale was developed based on answers with specific weight for each correct answer provided by the participants. A score of ≥ 50% was considered as a satisfactory knowledge level for participants. Statistical analysis was conducted using One-sample Z- and Chi-square tests followed by Bonferroni correction at 0.05 significance level.
Results:
The total number of participants of the survey was 183, of which 41.5% had some knowledge and utilized BF composites in their practice. Only 9.84% of the participants score ≥ 50% on the knowledge scale. A significantly low proportion recognized accurately the compositional difference between BF and conventional resin composite as well as the minimum irradiance values needed for proper polymerization of BF. There was no effect for gender or years of experience on the knowledge or utilization of BF materials (p-value = 0.172).
Conclusion:
The proportions of practitioners with adequate knowledge and utilization of BF materials were very low. Additional focus must be provided in order to expose graduating dentists to advances in resin composite formulations.
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15
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Maciel CM, da Rosa Rinhel MF, Abuna GF, Pacheco RR, da Silva-Concílio LR, Baroudi K, Sinhoreti MAC, Vitti RP. Resin composite adhesion to dentin using different curing lights and adhesive systems applied under electric current. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5181-5188. [PMID: 33558973 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of electric current application on the resin composite-tooth bond strength and hybrid layer of three adhesive systems light-cured by two light-curing units (LCUs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human molar teeth were distributed into 12 groups (n=6). Three adhesive systems were used: two-step etch-and-rinse (SB2; Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE); two-step self-etch (CSE; Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray); and one-step self-etch (SBU; Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) applied with (50μA) and without (control; conventional application) electric current, and light-cured with different LCUs. Resin composite blocks (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE) were produced and cut into sticks (~1mm2) for microtensile bond strength (μTBS). Fracture patterns were analyzed on stereomicroscope and classified as cohesive-dentin, cohesive-resin, adhesive, or mixed. Specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscope observation. The hybrid layer analysis was carried out using a confocal laser scanning microscopy (n=2). Data were submitted to three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS The electric current increased the μTBS for all adhesive systems light-cured with single-emission peak and multiple-emission peak LCUs. Both LCUs presented similar μTBS values. CSE applied under electric current showed the highest μTBS mean values. The adhesive failure pattern was more frequently observed in all groups. The electric current formed long resin tags for all adhesive systems. CONCLUSIONS The adhesive systems applied under electric current increased the bond strength using single-emission peak and multiple-emission peak LCUs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Electric current at 50μA applied throughout the dentin is a safe mode and results in better impregnation of the adhesive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kusai Baroudi
- School of Dentistry, University of Taubate, Taubate, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Pino Vitti
- School of Dentistry, University of Taubate, Taubate, SP, Brazil. .,School of Dentistry, Herminio Ometto University Center, Av. Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, CEP: 13607-339, Brazil.
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16
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Al-Zain AO, Al-Ghamdi ZA, Basahal MM, Al-Bukhary RM, Münchow E. Performance of Multiple Light-curing Units used by Dental Students. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim:
To investigate the performance of multiple Light-curing Units (LCUs) of different manufacturers used in a dental student clinical setting.
Background:
Manufacturers claim that the irradiance values of the LCUs stay stable over time. However, this may not be accurate among the different units.
Objective:
This study investigated the performance in terms of the irradiance, radiant exposure, and DOC of multiple LCUs of different types used in a dental student clinical setting.
Methods:
Four different LCU were investigated (n=5 units/LCU manufacturer): three Light-Emitting-Diodes (LED) units (Demi Ultra, Mini LED, and E-Morlit) and one quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) (PolyluxII). Irradiance and radiant exposure were collected [Managing Accurate Resin Curing-Patient Simulator (MARC-PS)](n=5 readings/unit/tooth). Depth of Cure (DOC) was performed (ISO 4049:2009standards) using a micro-hybrid composite (n=5/unit). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls and Tukey post hoc methods, respectively (α=0.05).
Results:
Using the MARC-PS anterior and posterior teeth sensors, respectively, the mean irradiance for Demi Ultra was (1625.7±38.8) and (1250.4±25.2); Mini LED (1381.1±37.8) and (1058.1±27.3); E-Morlit (1831.1±294.7) and (1545.2±176.0); and Polylux II (932.4±368.5) and (840.4±353.4)mW/cm2. The radiant exposure range was 16-38 J/cm2 for all LCUs. LCUs’ mean DOC ranged from 2.9 to 3.1 mm. Significant differences in irradiance and radiant exposure values were detected among the multiple units and manufacturers. Significant differences in DOC values among the Demi Ultra and Polylux II units were detected. DOC met the standards except for onePolylux II unit.
Conclusion:
The irradiance and radiant exposure values were not the same among the different units, regardless of the manufacturers’ claim of the irradiance values stability over time. Polymerization was not compromised except for one QTH unit per the DOC measurements. Itis highly recommended to closely monitor LCUs used in dental student clinical areas due to the high demand in this type of setting.
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17
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Soares CJ, Braga SSL, Ribeiro MTH, Price RB. Effect of infection control barriers on the light output from a multi-peak light curing unit. J Dent 2020; 103:103503. [PMID: 33091553 PMCID: PMC7569381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curing lights cannot be sterilized and should be covered with an infection control barrier. This study evaluated the effect of barriers when applied correctly and incorrectly on the radiant power (mW), irradiance (mW/cm2), emission spectrum (mW/nm), and beam profile from a multi-peak light-curing unit (LCU). METHODS Five plastic barriers (VALO Grand, Ultradent; TIDIShield, TIDI Products; Disposa-Shield, Dentsply Sirona; Cure Sleeve, Kerr; Stretch and Seal, Betty Crocker) and one latex-based barrier (Curelastic, Steri-Shield) were tested. The radiant power (mW) and emission spectrum (mW/nm) from one multi-peak LCU (VALO Grand, Ultradent) was measured using an integrating sphere. LCU tip internal diameter (mm) was measured, then the tip area and irradiance (mW/cm2) were calculated. The beam profiles were measured using a laser beam profiler. RESULTS When applied correctly, the plastic barriers reduced the radiant power output by 5-8%, and the latex-based barrier by 16%. When the plastic seam or barrier opaque face was positioned over the LCU tip, the power output was reduced by 8-11%. When the plastic barriers were wrinkled, the power output was significantly reduced by 14-26%. The wrinkled latex-based barrier reduced by 28%, and further reduced the violet light. The beam profiles illustrated the importance of correctly barrier use without wrinkles over the tip. CONCLUSIONS Plastic barriers applied correctly reduced the light output (mW) by 5-8%. The barriers applied incorrectly significantly reduced the light output by 14-26%. The latex-based barrier wrinkled also reduced the amount of violet light. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Infection control curing light barriers should be used to prevent cross-infection between patients. However, they must be applied correctly to reduce their negative effects on the light output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos José Soares
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Stella Sueli Lourenço Braga
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Tereza Hordones Ribeiro
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Richard Bengt Price
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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18
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Balhaddad AA, Garcia I, Collares F, Felix CM, Ganesh N, Alkabashi Q, Massei W, Strassler H, Melo MA. Assessment of the radiant emittance of damaged/contaminated dental light-curing tips by spectrophotometric methods. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e55. [PMID: 33294420 PMCID: PMC7691262 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the effects of physically damaged and resin-contaminated tips on radiant emittance, comparing them with new undamaged, non-contaminated tips using 3 pieces of spectrophotometric laboratory equipment. Materials and Methods Nine tips with damage and/or resin contaminants from actual clinical situations were compared with a new tip without damage or contamination (control group). The radiant emittance was recorded using 3 spectrophotometric methods: a laboratory-grade thermopile, a laboratory-grade integrating sphere, and a portable light collector (checkMARC). Results A significant difference between the laboratory-grade thermopile and the laboratory-grade integrating sphere was found when the radiant emittance values of the control or damaged/contaminated tips were investigated (p < 0.05), but both methods were comparable to checkMARC (p > 0.05). Regardless of the method used to quantify the light output, the mean radiant emittance values of the damaged/contaminated tips were significantly lower than those of the control (p < 0.05). The beam profile of the damaged/contaminated tips was less homogeneous than that of the control. Conclusions Damaged/contaminated tips can reduce the radiant emittance output and the homogeneity of the beam, which may affect the energy delivered to composite restorations. The checkMARC spectrophotometer device can be used in dental offices, as it provided values close to those produced by a laboratory-grade integrated sphere spectrophotometer. Dentists should assess the radiant emittance of their light-curing units to ensure optimal curing in photoactivated, resin-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Dental Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, College of Dentistry, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isadora Garcia
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Collares
- Dental Materials Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristopher M Felix
- BlueLight Analytics Company, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nisha Ganesh
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qoot Alkabashi
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ward Massei
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Howard Strassler
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Anne Melo
- Dental Biomedical Sciences PhD Program, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Bragança GF, Vianna AS, Neves FD, Price RB, Soares CJ. Effect of exposure time and moving the curing light on the degree of conversion and Knoop microhardness of light-cured resin cements. Dent Mater 2020; 36:e340-e351. [PMID: 32950244 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of exposure time and moving the light-curing unit (LCU) on the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KH) of two resin cements that were light-cured through ceramic. METHODS Two resin cements: AllCem Veneer APS (FGM) and Variolink Esthetic LC (Ivoclar Vivadent) were placed into a 0.3 mm thick matrix in 6 locations representing the canine to canine. The resins were covered with 0.5 mm thick lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent). A motorized device moved the LCUs over the ceramic when the LCU was on. Two single-peak LCUs: Elipar DeepCure-L (3M Oral Care) and Emitter C (Schuster), and one multi-peak: Bluephase G2 (Ivoclar Vivadent) were used with 3 different exposure protocols: a localized exposure centered over each tooth for 10 or 40 s; moving the tip across the 6 teeth for a total exposure time of 10 or 40 s; and moving the tip across the 6 teeth resins for a total exposure time of 60 or 240 s. After 24 h, the DC and KH were measured on the top surfaces and the data was analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Interposition of 0.5 mm of ceramic reduced the irradiance received by the resin by approximately 50%. The 40 s localized exposure over each tooth always produced significantly higher DC and KH values. Moving the LCUs with a total exposure time of 10 s resulted in the lowest DC and KH. There was no beneficial effect on the DC or KH when the multi-peak (violet-blue) LCU (Elipar DeepCure-L or Bluephase G2), but the lower light output from a small tip LCU reduced the DC and KH values (Emitter C). SIGNIFICANCE Moving the LCUs when photo-curing light-cured resin cements is not recommended. This study showed that a single-peak LCU could activate a resin cement that uses Ivocerin™ as well as the multi-peak LCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Felipe Bragança
- Biomechanical, Biomaterials and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Silva Vianna
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Domingues Neves
- Department of Dental Clinical Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Richard Bengt Price
- Department of Occlusion and Prosthodontic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Biomechanical, Biomaterials and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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20
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Price RB, Ferracane JL, Hickel R, Sullivan B. The light-curing unit: An essential piece of dental equipment. Int Dent J 2020; 70:407-417. [PMID: 32696512 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article describes the features that should be considered when describing, purchasing and using a light-curing unit (LCU). METHODS The International System of Units (S.I.) terms of radiant power or radiant flux (mW), spectral radiant power (mW/nm), radiant exitance or tip irradiance (mW/cm2 ), and the irradiance received at the surface (also in mW/cm2 ) are used to describe the output from LCU. The concept of using an irradiance beam profile to map the radiant exposure (J/cm2 ) from the LCU is introduced. RESULTS Even small changes in the active tip diameter of the LCU will have a large effect on the radiant exitance. The emission spectra and the effects of distance on the irradiance delivered are not the same from all LCUs. The beam profile images show that using a single averaged irradiance value to describe the LCU can be very misleading. Some LCUs have 'hot spots' of high radiant exitance that far exceed the current ISO 10650 standard. Such inhomogeneity may cure the resin unevenly and may also be dangerous to soft tissues. Recommendations are made that will help the dentist when purchasing and then safely using the LCU. CONCLUSIONS Dental manufacturers should report the radiant power from their LCU, the spectral radiant power, information about the compatibility of the emission spectrum from the LCU with the photoinitiators used, the active optical tip diameter, the radiant exitance, the effect of distance from the tip on the irradiance delivered, and the irradiance beam profile from the LCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Price
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Braden Sullivan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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21
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de Cássia Romano B, Soto-Montero J, Rueggeberg FA, Giannini M. Effects of extending duration of exposure to curing light and different measurement methods on depth-of-cure analyses of conventional and bulk-fill composites. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:336-344. [PMID: 32502304 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of extending the duration of exposure to curing light on the depth of cure of two conventional (RBC1-conventional and RBC2-conventional) and two bulk-fill (RBC1-bulk and RBC2-bulk) resin composites. Polywave and single-peak photocuring units were used. Cylinder-shaped specimens were exposed to curing light either for the time period recommended by the manufacturer or twice the length of that time, and depth of cure was estimated using manual scraping (similar to the ISO-4049 standard) and solvent immersion techniques. Depth of cure was analyzed, using two-way ANOVA, for the factors measurement method and exposure time. For RBC1-conventional and RBC1-bulk, the solvent immersion technique estimated a greater depth of cure than did manual scraping; for RBC1-conventional, both techniques and both light-exposure time periods resulted in a depth of cure of >2 mm; and for RBC1-bulk, only the solvent method after photocuring for twice the manufacturer's recommended time resulted in a depth of cure of 5 mm. For RBC2-conventional and RBC2-bulk, neither technique nor exposure time resulted in estimated depths of cure that matched those indicated by the manufacturer. The results suggest that extending the duration of photopolymerization increases depth of cure. Also, calculation of depth of cure can vary according to the measurement technique used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Cássia Romano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
| | - Frederick A Rueggeberg
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
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22
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Nassar HM, Almutairi M, Makhdom A. Irradiance of Different Curing Modes of Common Light Cure Devices: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:177-182. [PMID: 32670906 PMCID: PMC7339987 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_496_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to test the irradiance values of different curing modes of commonly available light cure devices (LCDs). Materials and Methods: An in vitro investigation was carried out to compare the irradiance output of 10 brands of LCDs available in Saudi Arabia measured using a digital radiometer. Values were recorded for three time points when applicable (0, 10, and 20s). This technique was repeated five times for each LCD. Normal, high-intensity, and soft-start modes were evaluated for all brands with the features available. Irradiance values between brands were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni method. Changes in irradiance between different time points were analyzed using one sample t test for normal and high-intensity modes and using paired t test for soft-start mode. All comparisons were carried out at 0.05 significance level. Results: The highest values were reported for Ortholux Luminous, Elipar DeepCure-S, Elipar DeepCure, and KaVo mini-LED with values above 1000 mW/cm2. All LCDs showed values above 600 mW/cm2. Three LCDs had high-intensity mode and only one device had soft-start mode. Changes over the different time points were not statistically significant exept for soft-start mode. Conclusion: All tested LCDs had irradiance values sufficient for adequate polymerization of resin composite. Only four of these are capable of curing bulk-fill composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M Nassar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Color Stability and Micro-Hardness of Bulk-Fill Composite Materials after Exposure to Common Beverages. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13030787. [PMID: 32050415 PMCID: PMC7040906 DOI: 10.3390/ma13030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the color stability and surface microhardness of Bulk-Fill composite materials available in the Saudi Arabia market. Methods: Five composite materials (Filtek Z350, Filtek Bulk-Fill, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill, Sonic Fill 2, and SDR) were investigated. Samples (n = 20; 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were fabricated using a stainless-steel mold and were immersed in tea, coffee, berry juice, and distilled water (control). Baseline (T0) shades of specimens were recorded using a spectrophotometer and after 10 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 days (T4) of immersion. Measurements were obtained against a black background and CIE L*a*b* data was used to calculate ΔE for each group. Vickers microhardness values were obtained at T0 and T4. Data was analyzed using mixed model repeated measure ANOVA at 0.05 significance level. Results: Time, material, and solution effects have statistically significant effect on ΔE. Tea was the most staining solution. Z350 was associated with the highest ΔE values while SDR showed the lowest values. No other materials showed significant difference between each other. Solutions were statistically different from each other. All materials were different from each other regarding microhardness. Conclusion: Bulk-Fill materials showed more color stability but lower microhardness values compared to universal resin control.
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24
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Assaf C, Fahd JC, Sabbagh J. Assessing Dental Light-curing Units' Output Using Radiometers: A Narrative Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:1-8. [PMID: 32181215 PMCID: PMC7055336 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_407_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This review aimed to describe dental radiometers and discuss their effectiveness compared to other light-testing devices. Materials and Methods The search for light-curing units (LCUs), radiometers, and other light-measuring tools available on the market was accomplished on data found on PubMed, Wikipedia, and Google. Results LCUs are prone to deterioration due to several reasons such as the light's limited life span, the worsening of the LCU's filters, light guide, and light tip end; consequently, decreased photopolymerization and insufficient resin conversion may occur. A regular light output assessment is highly recommended in dental daily practice as well as before any new LCU purchase to make sure the light features meet the factory specifications delivered by the manufacturer and they remained stable through time. Discussion Irradiance values reported by radiometers do not match accurately with those delivered by laboratory power meters. Therefore, dental practitioners as well as dental students are advised to control regularly every LCU by using the same handheld radiometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cendrella Assaf
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Claude Fahd
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Sabbagh
- Department of Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadath Campus, Beirut, Lebanon
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Khabadze Z, Kulikova A, Abdulkerimova S, Bakaev Y, Bakaev Y, Todua D, Mordanov O, Adzhieva A, Davreshyan G, Solimanov S, Nazhmudinov S. The Substantiation of the Pre-Polymerization Heating Efficiency of the Dental Nanocomposite Material. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusup Bakaev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - Yunus Bakaev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
| | - David Todua
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Russia
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Soares CJ, Rodrigues MDP, Faria-e-Silva AL, Santos-Filho PCF, Veríssimo C, Kim HC, Versluis A. How biomechanics can affect the endodontic treated teeth and their restorative procedures? Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e76. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Soares CJ, Bragança GFD, Pereira RADS, Rodrigues MDP, Braga SSL, Oliveira LRS, Giannini M, Price RB. Irradiance and Radiant Exposures Delivered by LED Light-Curing Units Used by a Left and Right-Handed Operator. Braz Dent J 2018; 29:282-289. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The combination of the restoration location, the hand preference of the operator using the light-curing unit (LCU), and the design of the LCU all can have an impact on the amount of the light delivered to the restoration. To evaluate the effect of left-handed or right-handed users, the position of the operator (dentist or assistant), and the LCU design on the irradiance, radiant exposure and emission spectrum delivered to the same posterior tooth. Two light emitting diode (LED) LCUs were tested: an angulated monowave LCU Radii-Cal (SDI, Victoria, Australia) and a straight aligned multi-peak LCU Valo Cordless (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA). The irradiance values (mW/cm2), radiant exposure (J/cm2) and emission spectrum were measured using a sensor in maxillary left second molar tooth. The irradiance and radiant exposure were analyzed using three-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (a=0.05). The emission spectra (nm) were analyzed descriptively. The interaction between LCU design, operator position, and hand preference significantly influenced the irradiance and radiant exposure (P<0.001). In all cases, Valo delivered significantly higher irradiance than Radii-Cal. The handedness and the operator position affected the irradiance and radiant exposure delivered from Valo. Operator position and access affect the irradiance and radiant exposure delivered to the maxillary left second molar. The irradiance and radiant exposure can be greater when a right-hand operator is positioned on the right side of the chair and a left-hand operator is positioned on the left side of the chair. This may result in better resin composite polymerization.
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