1
|
Rezallah NNF, Luke AM. Evaluating Micro-computed Tomography in Dental Implant Osseointegration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00660-3. [PMID: 39368915 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The success of dental implants is heavily dependent on the implant's efficient integration with the surrounding bone, a process known as osseointegration. This integration is influenced by a range of individual characteristics of each patient, as well as the accuracy of diagnostic imaging techniques. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is capable of capturing detailed three-dimensional images with high resolution. It may offer superior capabilities for assessing the connections between bones and implants compared to older techniques such as cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral radiography. This systematic review will discuss the uses of micro-CT in dental implant osseointegration, compare it to other radiography methods, and discuss it's effect on patients, especially those with previous history of periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research performed an extensive search across multiple databases, choosing papers based on specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The study focus was on using micro-CT to evaluate bone osseointegration. Meta-analyses were conducted to measure the impact of micro-CT on bone loss and the success rates of implants, while comparing various surgical procedures and depths of implantation. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42023482747. RESULTS The result of this study comprised 28 papers, incorporating a meta-analysis of 8. It emphasized the exceptional spatial resolution of micro-CT, which enables accurate assessments of bone volume and density, crucial factors for implant success. Micro-CT, when compared to CBCT and intraoral radiography, provides more comprehensive information, but it faces limitations due to its elevated expenses and radiation exposure. The analysis also indicated that micro-CT could be particularly advantageous in tailored therapy planning, particularly for patients with impaired conditions. Systemic factors like diabetes or periodontal disease can cause bone conditions. CONCLUSION Micro-CT is a highly advanced imaging technique that offers extensive information about dental implants, which is essential for evaluating osseointegration. Although micro-CT has several limitations, it has the capacity to improve clinical outcomes by providing more accurate diagnoses and tailored implant techniques. Subsequent investigations should focus on assessing its cost-effectiveness and establishing protocols to mitigate radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Maniangat Luke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE; Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research (CMBHSR), Ajman University, Ajman, UAE.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Feng Y, Yang J, Ran Y, Shu Z, Cen X, Li W. Anatomical and Micro-CT measurement analysis of ocular volume and intraocular volume in adult Bama Miniature pigs, New Zealand rabbits, and Sprague-Dawley rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310830. [PMID: 39302918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Utilizing a combination of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and anatomical techniques for the volumetric assessment of the eyeball and its constituents in Bama Miniature Pigs, New Zealand rabbits, and Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. METHOD Six Bama Miniature pigs, New Zealand rabbits, and SD rats were enrolled in the study. Micro-CT and gross volumetric estimation of ocular volume were employed to acquire data on ocular volume, anterior chamber volume, lens volume, and vitreous cavity volume for each eye. RESULTS The eyeball volume of pigs ranges from approximately 5.36 ± 0.27 to 5.55 ± 0.28 ml, the lens volume from approximately 0.33 ± 0.02 to 0.37 ± 0.06 ml, the anterior chamber volume from approximately 0.19 ± 0.05 to 0.28 ± 0.04 ml, and the vitreous volume is approximately 3.20 ± 0.18 ml. For rabbits, the eye volume, lens volume, anterior chamber volume, and vitreous volume range from approximately 3.02 ± 0.24 to 3.04 ± 0.24 ml, 0.41 ± 0.02 to 0.44 ± 0.02 ml, 0.23 ± 0.04 to 0.26 ± 0.05 ml, and 1.54 ± 0.14 ml, respectively. In SD rats, the volumes are 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.15 ± 0.01 ml for the eyeball, 0.03 ± 0.00 to 0.03 ± 0.00 ml for the lens, 0.01 ± 0.00 to 0.01 ± 0.01 ml for the anterior chamber, and 0.04 ± 0.01 ml for the vitreous volume. CONCLUSION The integration of micro-CT and gross volumetric estimation of ocular volume proves effective in determining the eyeball volume in Bama Miniature Pigs, New Zealand rabbits, and SD rats. Understanding the volume distinctions within the eyeballs and their components among these experimental animals can lay the groundwork for ophthalmology-related drug research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier eye hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aier eye institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Feng
- Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier eye hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aier eye institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiasong Yang
- Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier eye hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aier eye institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Ran
- Changsha Aier eye hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zongtao Shu
- WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co.,Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- WestChina-Frontier PharmaTech Co.,Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Aier eye hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Aier eye institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rossi JDO, Araujo EMC, Camargo MEC, Ferreira Junior RS, Barraviera B, Miglino MA, Nogueira DMB, Reis CHB, Gil GE, Vinholo TR, Soares TP, Buchaim RL, Buchaim DV. Effectiveness of the Association of Fibrin Scaffolds, Nanohydroxyapatite, and Photobiomodulation with Simultaneous Low-Level Red and Infrared Lasers in Bone Repair. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4351. [PMID: 39274741 PMCID: PMC11395849 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials and biopharmaceuticals for correcting large bone defects are a potential area of translational science. A new bioproduct, purified from snake venom and fibrinogen from buffalo blood, aroused interest in the repair of venous ulcers. Expanding potential uses, it has also been used to form biocomplexes in combination with bone grafts, associated with physical therapies or used alone. The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate low-level laser photobiomodulation (PBM) in critical defects in the calvaria of rats filled with nanohydroxyapatite (NH) associated with the heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). Sixty animals were used, divided into six groups (n = 10 each): G1 (NH); G2 (HFB); G3 (NH + HFB); G4 (NH + PBM); G5 (HFB + PBM); G6 (NH + HFB + PBM). PBM simultaneously used red (R) and infrared (IR) light emission, applied intraoperatively and twice a week, until the end of the experiment at 42 days. Microtomography, bone formation can be seen initially at the margins of the defect, more evident in G5. Microscopically, bone formation demonstrated immature and disorganized trabeculation at 14 days, with remnants of grafting materials. At 42 days, the percentage of new bone formed was higher in all groups, especially in G5 (HFB, 45.4 ± 3.82), with collagen fibers at a higher degree of maturation and yellowish-green color in the birefringence analysis with Picrosirius-red. Therefore, it is concluded that the HFB + PBM combination showed greater effectiveness in the repair process and presents potential for future clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Maria Cabral Araujo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Junior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (University Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil
- Graduate Programs in Tropical Diseases and Clinical Research, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-University Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (University Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil
- Graduate Programs in Tropical Diseases and Clinical Research, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-University Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Production and Environment, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Dayane Maria Braz Nogueira
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Higher Education of the Interior of São Paulo (FAIP), Marilia 17512-130, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hakobyan G, Khachatryan L, Khudaverdyan M, Gegham T, Burnazyan S. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Indicators of Bone Metabolism Markers in Patients Following Mandibulectomy and Free Fibula Flap Reconstruction with Endosteal Implants. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2024; 23:719-726. [PMID: 38911414 PMCID: PMC11189845 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate and assess the indicators of bone metabolism markers osteocalcin and β-Cross-Laps in blood serum as a tool for monitoring bone regeneration and determining the time of implantation in patients after mandibulectomy and reconstruction of a free fibular flap with subsequent endosteal implants. Materials and Methods Forty-eight patients in a 6-year period participated in this study, due to resection for tumors. All patients underwent reconstruction with fibula free flap after tumor resection, 4-6 months after osteoectomy, dental implants were installed with further orthopedic rehabilitation. To assess the rate of bone remodeling after transplantation, the content biochemical markers of bone remodeling osteocalcin and β-Cross-Laps serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results All 46 fibular free flaps were healed without complications and were survived. A total 326 implants installed, 8 implants failed to osseointegrate, and 6 implants failed after 5 years of loading (peri-implantitis). Success rate of implants after 5 years was 95,7%. In patients before surgery, the mean of osteocalcin levels was 8.5 ng/ml, two months later, there was a sharp increase in the content of osteocalcin by 15.4 ng/ml, after four months reached 24.7 ng/ml, after six months of 28.6 ng/ml, then the indicator began to decrease and after 12 months it was approaching the norm of 14.7 ng/ml. In patients before surgery, the mean level of β-Cross-Laps was 0.76 ng/ml, after two months bone transplantation the mean level of β-Cross-Laps decreased to - 0.65 ng/ml, after four months the indicator increased and reached of 0.98 ng/ml, after six months the indicator was - 1.56 ng/ml, then these indicators began to decrease and after 12 months, approaching normal values of - 0.87 ng/ml. There is a correlation between different concentrations of osteocalcin or β-Cross- Laps and the success rate of implants. Implants were shown to be unsuccessful low concentrations of osteocalcin and high concentrations of β-Cross-Laps in serum. Conclusion Studies have shown that the long-term survival and success rates of implants placed in the reconstructed areas may guarantee an excellent prognosis of implant-supported prostheses. Bone markers in blood serum osteocalcin and β-Cross-Laps can be used to evaluate the rate of bone remodeling, which allows you to determine the time of implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gagik Hakobyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Levon Khachatryan
- Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Modern Implant Medicine, Armenia Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Margarita Khudaverdyan
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tunyan Gegham
- Department of Dental Professional and Continuing Education of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Seda Burnazyan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ancuţa DL, Alexandru DM, Muselin F, Cristina RT, Coman C. Assessment of the Effect on Periodontitis of Antibiotic Therapy and Bacterial Lysate Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5432. [PMID: 38791469 PMCID: PMC11121696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory process that starts with soft tissue inflammation caused by the intervention of oral bacteria. By modulating local immunity, it is possible to supplement or replace current therapeutic methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of an immunostimulatory treatment with the antibiotherapy usually applied to periodontitis patients. On a model of periodontitis induced in 30 rats (divided into three equal groups) with bacterial strains selected from the human oral microbiome (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus oralis), we administered antibiotics, bacterial lysates and saline for 10 days. Clinically, no significant lesions were observed between the groups, but hematologically, we detected a decrease in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in both the antibiotic and lysate-treated groups. Immunologically, IL-6 remained elevated compared to the saline group, denoting the body's effort to compensate for bone loss due to bacterial action. Histopathologically, the results show more pronounced oral tissue regeneration in the antibiotic group and a reduced inflammatory reaction in the lysate group. We can conclude that the proposed bacterial lysate has similar effects to antibiotic therapy and can be considered an option in treating periodontitis, thus eliminating the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Larisa Ancuţa
- Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Diana Mihaela Alexandru
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Muselin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Romeo Teodor Cristina
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristin Coman
- Cantacuzino National Medical Military Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (D.L.A.); (C.C.)
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pinto KP, Fidalgo TKDS, de Lima CO, Lopes RT, Freitas-Fernandes LB, Valente AP, Sassone LM, Silva EJNL. Chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption as catalyst for systemic inflammatory storm and bone destruction in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2024; 57:178-194. [PMID: 37966374 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the periapical alveolar bone pattern and the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, biochemical markers and metabolites in rats subjected to chronic alcohol and nicotine consumption and induced apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, Alcohol, Nicotine and Alcohol+Nicotine. The alcohol groups were exposed to self-administration of a 25% alcohol solution, while the other groups were given only filtered water. The nicotine groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of a nicotine solution (0.19 μL of nicotine/mL), whereas the other groups received saline solution. Periapical lesions were induced by exposing the pulps of the left mandibular first molars for 28 days. After euthanasia, the mandibles were removed and the percentage bone volume, bone mineral density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation and trabecular number of the periapical bone were measured using micro-computed tomography images. Serum samples were collected for analysis of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α), biochemical and metabolomic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5%. Nonparametric data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test, while one-way anova followed by Tukey's test was performed for parametric data. RESULTS The groups exposed to alcohol or nicotine consumption exhibited an altered bone pattern indicating lower bone density and higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α compared to the Control group (p < .05). Significant differences were observed among the groups in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, albumin, uric acid, bilirubin and calcium. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant differences in glycine, phosphocholine, lysine, lactate, valine, pyruvate and lipids (CH2 CH2 CO), n(CH2 ) and n(CH3 ). Most of these parameters were even more altered in the simultaneous consumption of both substances compared to single consumption. CONCLUSION Alcohol and nicotine chronic consumption altered several metabolic markers, impaired liver and kidney function, increased the production of systemic proinflammatory mediators and harmed the periapical bone microarchitecture in the presence of apical periodontitis. The simultaneous consumption of alcohol and nicotine intensified these detrimental effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karem Paula Pinto
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liana Bastos Freitas-Fernandes
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Medical Biochemistry, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moura Sassone
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Integrated Clinical Procedures, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departament of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Limirio PHJO, De Oliveira Neto NF, Venâncio JF, Linhares CRB, Soares PBF, Dechichi P. Insulin Therapy on Bone Macroscopic, Microarchitecture, and MechanicalProperties of Tibia in Diabetic Rats. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e030124225214. [PMID: 38178671 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998270859231117091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated tibia's macroscopic structure, mechanical properties, and bone microarchitecture in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS Eighteen animals were divided into three groups (n=6): Non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D), and diabetic+insulin (DI). T1DM was induced by streptozotocin; insulin was administered daily (4IU). The animals were euthanized 35 days after induction. The tibiae were removed and analyzed using macroscopic, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and three-point bending. The macroscopic analysis measured proximal-distal length (PD), antero-posterior thickness (AP) of proximal (AP-P) and distal (AP-D) epiphysis, and lateral-medial thickness (LM) of proximal (LM-P) and distal (LM-D) epiphysis. Micro-CT analysis closed porosity, tissue mineral density, and cortical thickness. The three-point bending test measured maximum strength, energy, and stiffness. RESULTS The macroscopic analysis showed that D presented smaller measures of length and thickness (AP and AP-P) than ND and DI. More extensive measurements were observed of LM and AP-D thickness in DI than in D. In micro-CT, DI showed larger cortical thickness than D. Mechanical analysis showed lower strength in D than in other groups. CONCLUSIONS T1DM reduces bone growth and mechanical strength. Insulin therapy in diabetic rats improved bone growth and fracture resistance, making diabetic bone similar to normoglycemic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Justino Oliveira Limirio
- Departamento de Periodontia e Implantodontia, Integrated Dental Clinic Program, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/nº, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais,38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Nilson Ferreira De Oliveira Neto
- Departamento de histologia, Integrated Dental Clinic Program, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama. Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Jessyca Figueira Venâncio
- Departamento de histologia, Integrated Dental Clinic Program, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama. Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Borges Linhares
- Departamento de histologia, Integrated Dental Clinic Program, School of Dentistry, University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama. Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, University of Uberlândia. Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| | - Paula Dechichi
- Departamento de histologia, Biomedical Science Institute, University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 2B, Bairro Umuarama,Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38.400-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
de Oliveira Loures A, de Abreu M, Devito KL, Grisolia-Seifert EF, Jähn-Rickert K, Rabelo GD. Fractal analysis of the mandible cortical bone: correlation among fractal dimension values obtained by two processing methods from periapical radiograph and micro-computed tomography with cone-beam computed tomography. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023; 62:511-518. [PMID: 37792108 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to assess Fractal Dimension (FD) values in the mandible cortical bone obtained from digital periapical radiographs (DPR), high-resolution microtomography (µCT), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), by two processing methods: binarization (FD.b) and grayscale-based method (FD.f) and, finally, to identify the correlation among these values with other micro-architectural parameters. For this, a prospective study was conducted on 18 healthy individuals (mean age 23 ± 2.4 years old) who underwent third molar extraction. Pre-operative CBCT scans were conducted, bone fragments were removed from the retro-molar region, and DPR and µCT were performed on those bone samples. FD.b and FD.f values were calculated using three parasagittal sections for CBCT, one image for DPR, and three sections for µCT. The 3D bone microarchitecture was analyzed in µCT (voxel size: 19 µm). As a result, FD.b mean values of 1.55 ± 0.02 and 1.80 ± 0.01 were obtained for CBCT and µCT, respectively. Furthermore, FD.f mean values of 1.22 ± 0.12 for DPR, 0.99 ± 0.04 for CBCT, and 1.30 ± 0.07 for µCT were obtained. Both FD.b and FD.f values showed a good agreement. FD.f was negatively correlated with the standard deviation of the mean gray value (p = 0.003) for DPR and intra-cortical bone surface (p = 0.02) for µCT. In conclusion, image processing with or without binarization revealed different values for FD, although showing agreement. The grayscale-based method retrieved FD values correlated with the gray levels and the cortical porous network, which means that FD can be a valuable index for mandibular cortical bone evaluation. FD is associated with mineralization and microarchitecture. Nevertheless, there was no correlation between FD values obtained from low- (DPR) and high-resolution (µCT) X-ray modalities with FD obtained from the in vivo CBCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus de Abreu
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, 1240-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eric Flavio Grisolia-Seifert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Medical Technology Heisenberg Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Jähn-Rickert
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Bioengineering and Medical Technology Heisenberg Research Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center Hamburg, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, 1240-Bairro Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Irie MS, Spin-Neto R, Teixeira LHS, Rabelo GD, Reis NTDA, Soares PBF. Effect of micro-CT acquisition parameters and individual analysis on the assessment of bone repair. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e099. [PMID: 38055517 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether two acquisition parameters, voxel size and filter thickness, used in a micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scan, together with the examiner's experience, influence the outcome of bone repair analysis in an experimental model. Bone defects were created in rat tibiae and scanned using two voxel sizes of 6- or 12-µm and two aluminum filter thickness of 0.5- or 1-mm. Then, bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) were analyzed twice by two groups of operators: experienced and inexperienced examiners. For BV/TV, no significant differences were found between scanning voxel sizes of 6 and 12 µm for the experienced examiners; however, for the inexperienced examiners, the analysis performed using a 12-µm voxel size resulted in higher BV/TV values (32.4 and 32.9) than those acquired using a 6-µm voxel size (25.4 and 24.8) (p < 0.05). For Tb.Th, no significant differences between the analyses performed by experienced and inexperienced groups were observed when using the 6-µm voxel size. However, inexperienced examiners' analysis revealed higher Tb.Th values when using the 12-µm voxel size compared with 6 µm (0.05 vs. 0.03, p < 0.05). Filter thickness had no influence on the results of any group. In conclusion, voxel size and operator experience affected the measured Tb.Th and BV/TV of a region with new bone formation. Operator experience in micro-CT analysis is more critical for BV/TV than for Tb.Th, whereas voxel size significantly affects Tb.Th evaluation. Operators in the initial phases of research training should be calibrated for bone assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Suemi Irie
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Aarhus University, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Health, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lucas Henrique Souza Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Dentistry Department, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nayara Teixeira de Araújo Reis
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia - UFU, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Santos IG, Ramos de Faria F, da Silva Campos MJ, de Barros BÁC, Rabelo GD, Devito KL. Fractal dimension, lacunarity, and cortical thickness in the mandible: Analyzing differences between healthy men and women with cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent 2023; 53:153-159. [PMID: 37405205 PMCID: PMC10315234 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20230042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to assess the fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular microarchitecture parameters, and cortical linear measurements in the mandibles of male and female individuals to identify differences between them. Materials and Methods In total, 116 cone-beam computed tomography scans of healthy individuals of different ages (57 men and 59 women, aged between 20 and 60 years) were selected. The following bone parameters were measured: 1) buccal, lingual, and basal cortical bone thickness in 5 standard parasagittal sections (the midline, the left and right sides of the lower lateral incisors, and the left and right sides of the lower canines); 2) the bone volume fraction of 10 sequential axial sections from each patient by creating a volume of interest in the area between the lower canines; and 3) fractal dimension and lacunarity using grayscale images of the same region of the volume of interest in the anterior mandible. Spearman correlation coefficients and the Mann-Whitney test were used. Results A significant and positive correlation was found between age and cortical thickness, especially in the region of the central incisors. Significant differences between sexes in terms of fractal dimension, lacunarity, and bone volume were found. Women revealed lower fractal dimension values and higher lacunarity and bone volume ratio values than men. Conclusion Fractal dimension, lacunarity, trabecular bone volume, and cortical thickness were different between men and women of different ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Garcia Santos
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ramos de Faria
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borges JS, Costa VC, Irie MS, de Rezende Barbosa GL, Spin-Neto R, Soares PBF. Definition of the Region of Interest for the Assessment of Alveolar Bone Repair Using Micro-computed Tomography. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:356-364. [PMID: 36070014 PMCID: PMC9984626 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00693-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the extraction socket (distal or lingual root) and the type of region of interest (ROI) definition (manual or predefined) on the assessment of alveolar repair following tooth extraction using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The software package used for scanning, reconstruction, reorientation, and analysis of images (NRecon®, DataViewer®, CT-Analyzer®) was acquired through Bruker < https://www.bruker.com > . The sample comprised the micro-CT volumes of seven Wistar rat mandibles, in which the right first molar was extracted. The reconstructed images were analyzed using the extraction sockets, i.e., the distal and intermediate lingual root and the method of ROI definition: manual (MA), central round (CR), and peripheral round (PR). The bone volume fraction (BV/TV) values obtained were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test (α = 5%). The distal extraction socket resulted in significantly lower BV/TV values than the intermediate lingual socket for MA (P = 0.001), CR (P < 0.001), and PR (P < 0.001). Regarding the ROI, when evaluating the distal extraction socket, the BV/TV was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for MA than for CR and PR, with a lower BV/TV for CR. However, no significant difference was observed for MA (P = 0.855), CR (P = 0.769), or PR (P = 0.453) in the intermediate lingual extraction socket. The bone neoformation outcome (BV/TV) for alveolar bone repair after tooth extraction is significantly influenced by the ROI and the extraction socket. Using the predefined method with a standardized ROI in the central region of the distal extraction socket resulted in the assessment of bone volume, demonstrating the most critical region of the bone neoformation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Simeão Borges
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor Cardoso Costa
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Milena Suemi Irie
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Radiology, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/n°, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma R, Liu Q, Zhou L, Wang L. High porosity 3D printed titanium mesh allows better bone regeneration. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:6. [PMID: 36604677 PMCID: PMC9817245 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most patients with insufficient bone mass suffer from severe horizontal or vertical bone defects in oral implant surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the bone regeneration effects of titanium meshes with different porosity in the treatment of bone defects. METHODS Nine beagle dogs were equally divided into three groups based on execution time. Three months after the extraction of the first to fourth premolars of the mandible, three bone defects were randomly made in the mandible. Bone particles and three kinds of three-dimensional (3D) printed titanium nets with different porosities (low porosity group (LP), 55%; medium porosity group (MP), 62%; and high porosity group (HP), 68%) were replanted in situ. The beagles were killed 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. Formalin-fixed specimens were embedded in acrylic resin. The specimens were stained with micro-CT, basic fuchsin staining, and toluidine blue staining. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis showed that the trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and bone volume fraction of the HP group were higher than those of the other two groups. Moreover, the trabecular separation of the HP group decreased slightly and was lower than that of the MP and LP groups. Histological staining analysis showed that the trabecular number in the HP group was higher than in the other two groups at 8 and 12 weeks, and the bone volume fraction of the HP was higher than that in the other two groups at 12 weeks. Moreover, the trabecular thickness of the MP was higher than that of the LP group at 12 weeks and the trabecular separation was lower in the HP group at 4 and 8 weeks. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION A 3D printed titanium mesh with HP in a certain range may have more advantages than a titanium mesh with LP in repairing large bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Dental Implant Centre, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China ,Beijing Citident Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100032 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Citident Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100032 China ,Digital Mesh Beijing Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101312 China
| | - Libo Zhou
- grid.411849.10000 0000 8714 7179Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Materials and Clinical Application, Experimental Center for Stomatology Engineering, Jiamusi University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiamusi, 154000 Jiamusi China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Dental Implant Centre, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, No. 4 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100050 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Çelikbaş İ, Mavi E, Hepokur C. The evaluation of the effects of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in diabetic rats on bone healing in dental extracting socket. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
14
|
Montevecchi M, Marucci G, Pignataro B, Piana G, Alessandri-Bonetti G, Checchi V. Bone Modeling after Orthodontic Extrusion: A Histomorphometric Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247329. [PMID: 36555945 PMCID: PMC9781502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During osteogenesis and bone modeling, high vascularity and osteoblastic/osteoclastic cell activity have been detected. A decrease in this activity is a sign of complete bone formation and maturation. Alveolar bone maturation seems to occur within weeks and months; however, the precise timing of the alveolar bone modeling is still unknown. The aim of this clinical pilot study was to investigate the bone modeling of neo-apposed tissue during orthodontic extrusive movements, through a histomorphometric analysis of human biopsies. This study was conducted on third mandibular molars sockets, and all teeth were extracted after orthodontic extrusion between 2010 and 2014. After different stabilization timings, extractions were performed, and a specimen of neo-deposed bone was harvested from each socket for the histomorphometric analysis. Histological parameters were evaluated to identify bone quantity and quality. This study included 12 teeth extracted from 9 patients. All specimens were composed of bone tissue. Bone samples taken after 1 and 1.5 months of stabilization presented remarkable percentages of woven bone, while after 2 months, a relevant decrease was observed. Histomorphometric analysis suggested that after orthodontic extrusion, a period of stabilization of 2 months allows the neo-deposed bone to mature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Montevecchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40100 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriela Piana
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via San Vitale 59, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittorio Checchi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Unit of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
da Silva MEB, Dos Santos HS, Ruhland L, Rabelo GD, Badaró MM. Fractal analysis of dental periapical radiographs: A revised image processing method. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 135:669-677. [PMID: 36609053 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trabecular bone structure as calculated with fractal analysis by 2 binarization processes: White and Rudolph's original method (WR.o) and a revised version (WR.r). Fractal dimension (FD) values calculated with WR.r (FD.r) and a gray-scale-based method (FD.f) were also compared. FD, histogram parameters, and lacunarity were compared by dentate status, jaw location, and sex. STUDY DESIGN Regions of interest from digital periapical radiographs were defined below the teeth roots and in the edentulous sites of 37 patients. Histograms were assessed for pixel values. Binarization was performed with WR.o and then with WR.r, in which the outliers were removed. FD was assessed using WR.r (FD.r) and (FD.f). Histograms were assessed to obtain pixel values. Lacunarity was calculated. RESULTS WR.r revealed fewer trabeculae, branches, and junctions than WR.o (P < .0001). The majority of the mean differences between FD.r and FD.f were within the 95% CI. Dentate areas had greater mean gray levels than partially edentulous areas (P = .0027). FD.f was higher in the mandible (P = .01), but gray-level SD (P < .0001) and lacunarity (P = .02) were greater in the maxilla. FD.f and lacunarity were higher (P = .0005) and lower (P = .0014) in males, respectively. CONCLUSION WR.r was effective in revealing skeletonized bone trabeculae by removing non-trabecular noise. FD.r and FD.f revealed good agreement. FD.f, histogram parameters, and lacunarity differed based on dentate status, jaw location, and sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Letícia Ruhland
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Davi Rabelo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qin W, Feng J, Ma R, Jiang Y, Lv H. The effects of dantrolene and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) on arsenic-induced osteoporosis. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Hong JM, Kim UG, Yeo ISL. Comparison of three-dimensional digital analyses and two-dimensional histomorphometric analyses of the bone-implant interface. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276269. [PMID: 36240217 PMCID: PMC9565376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological analysis is considered to be the gold standard method of evaluating osseointegration around a bone-implant. However, this method requires invasive specimen preparation and is capable of representing only one plane. By comparison, micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a fast and convenient method that offers three-dimensional information but is hampered by problems related to resolution and artifacts, making it a supplementary method for osseointegration analysis. To verify the reliability of μCT for osseointegration evaluation, this animal model study compared bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratios obtained by the gold standard histomorphometric method with those obtained by the μCT method, using a rabbit tibia implant model. A sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant and a machined surface implant were inserted into each tibia of two rabbits (giving eight implants in total). Bone-implant specimens were analyzed using μCT with a spiral scan technique (SkyScan 1275) and histological sections were prepared thereafter. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed μCT data and four two-dimensional (2D) μCT sections, including one section corresponding to the histologic section and three additional sections rotated 45°, 90°, and 135°, were used to calculate the BIC ratio. The Pearson's test was used for correlation analysis at a significance level of 0.05. The histomorphometric BIC and the 2D-μCT BIC showed strong correlation (r = 0.762, P = 0.046), whereas the histomorphometric BIC and 3D-μCT BIC did not (r = -0.375, P = 0.385). However, the mean BIC value of three or four 2D-μCT sections showed a strong correlation with the 3D-μCT BIC (three sections: r = 0.781, P = 0.038; four sections: r = 0.804, P = 0.029). The results of this animal model study indicate that μCT can be used to complement the histomorphometric method in bone-implant interface analyses. With the limitations of this study, 3D-μCT analysis may even have a superior aspect in that it eliminates random variables that arise as a consequence of the selected cutting direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Hong
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ung-Gyu Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jiang X, Wang Y, Li X, Feng Z, Zeng Y, Han S, Takahashi N, Zhang L. Development and evaluation of a chewing gum containing antimicrobial peptide GH12 for caries prevention. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12887. [PMID: 35917355 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a chewing gum containing a novel antimicrobial peptide GH12 and evaluate its biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects in vivo and in vitro. GH12 chewing gum was developed using a conventional method and its extracts were prepared in artificial saliva. GH12 concentration in the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; extracts were used for growth curve assay, time-kill assay, crystal violet staining assay, scanning electron microscopy, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. A rat caries model was established, and molars were treated topically with extracts for 5 weeks. Weight gain monitoring, hematoxylin-eosin staining, micro-computed tomography, and Keyes scoring were conducted. Significant inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation was observed. Extracts displayed low cytotoxicity against human gingival epithelial cells. No significant differences in weight gain or signs of harm to the mucosal tissues in any of the rats were observed. Keyes scores of caries lesions in the GH12 chewing gum group were lower than those of the negative control group. It was concluded that GH12 chewing gum showed good biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects, exhibiting great potential to prevent dental caries as an adjuvant to regular oral hygiene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Han
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jakobsen LMA, He W, Ditzel N, Danielsen M, Dalsgaard TK, Jørgensen NR, Bollen P, Bertram HC. Administration of whey protein complexed vitamin D 3 to vitamin D 3-deficient growing Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:4691-4698. [PMID: 35379998 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global health issue with consequences for bone health. Complexation of vitamin D3 with specific whey proteins might increase the bioavailability and enhance the effect of dietary supplementation on health outcomes. The current rat study was set up to investigate if complexation of vitamin D3 with whey protein isolate (WPI) or β-lactoglobulin (B-LG) increases bioavailability of the vitamin and how it impacts markers of bone turnover and bone structure. For 8 weeks, growing male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 48) were fed a vitamin D-deficient diet and during the final 4 weeks gavage dosing of vitamin D3 either alone (VitD) or complexed with WPI (VitD + WPI) or β-LG (VitD + B-LG) was administered. A placebo treatment (placebo) was also included. After sacrifice, samples of bone were collected and analyzed using biomechanical testing and μCT scanning. The concentrations of vitamin D3, vitamin D3 metabolites and bone markers (P1NP and CTX) were measured in serum. The results showed that VitD + B-LG appeared to induce lower levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in serum compared to VitD alone. Markers of bone turnover were generally higher in the VitD group compared to placebo and the VitD + WPI and VitD + B-LG treatments. No effects of treatments on bone strength or bone microstructure were detected. In conclusion, whey protein complexation of vitamin D3 supplements appeared to have no beneficial effects on circulating vitamin D3 metabolites but this did not impose changes in bone strength or trabecular bone microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Arildsen Jakobsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. .,CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. .,CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Marianne Danielsen
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. .,CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Trine K Dalsgaard
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. .,CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bollen
- Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Hanne C Bertram
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. .,CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Werny JG, Sagheb K, Diaz L, Kämmerer PW, Al-Nawas B, Schiegnitz E. Does vitamin D have an effect on osseointegration of dental implants? A systematic review. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:16. [PMID: 35403929 PMCID: PMC9001786 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to systematically review the available evidence to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation or vitamin D depletion on the osseointegration of implants in animals and humans.
Methods
The focus questions addressed were “Do vitamin D deficient subjects treated with (dental) implants have an inferior osseointegration than subjects with adequate serum vitamin D level?” and “Do vitamin D supplemented subjects treated with (dental) implants have a superior osseointegration than subjects with adequate serum vitamin D level?” Humans and animals were considered as subjects in this study. Databases were searched from 1969 up to and including March 2021 using different combination of the following terms: “implant”, “bone to implant contact”, “vitamin D” and “osseointegration”. Letters to the editor, historic reviews, commentaries and articles published in languages other than English and German were excluded. The pattern of the present systematic review was customize to primarily summarize the pertinent data.
Results
Thirteen experimental studies with animals as subject, two clinical studies and three case reports, with humans as subjects, were included. The amount of inserted titanium implants ranged between 24 and 1740. Results from three animal studies showed that vitamin D deficiency has a negative effect on new bone formation and/or bone to implant contact (BIC). Eight animal studies showed that vitamin D supplementation has a enhancing effect on BIC and/or new bone formation around implants. Furthermore, enhancing the impact of vitamin D supplementation on the osseointegration of implants in subjects with diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were assessed. Studies and case reports involving human subjects showed that patients with a low serum vitamin D level have a higher tendency to exhibit an early dental implant failure. When supplemented with vitamin D the osseointegration was successful in the case reports and a beneficial impact on the changes in the bone level during the osseointegration were determined.
Conclusions
Vitamin D deficiency seems to have a negative effect on the osseointegration of implants in animals. The supplementation of vitamin D appears to improve the osseointegration in animals with systemic diseases, such as vitamin D deficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, and CKD. Slight evidence supports the hypothesis that humans similarly benefit from vitamin D supplementation in terms of osseointegration. Further investigation is required to maintain these assumptions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Irie MS, Spin-Neto R, Borges JS, Wenzel A, Soares PBF. Effect of data binning and frame averaging for micro-CT image acquisition on the morphometric outcome of bone repair assessment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1424. [PMID: 35082347 PMCID: PMC8791988 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current advances in micro-CT analysis, the influence of some image acquisition parameters on the morphometric assessment outcome have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether data binning and frame averaging affect the morphometric outcome of bone repair assessment using micro-CT. Four Wistar rats' tibiae with a surgically created bone defect were imaged with micro-CT six times each, frame averaging set to 1 and 2, and data binning set to 1, 2 and 4, for each of the averaging values. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni tests assessed the significance of frame averaging and data binning on a set of morphometric parameters assessed in the image volumes (p < 0.01). The effect of frame averaging was not significant for any of the assessed parameters. Increased data binning led to larger trabecular thickness. In contrast, smaller bone volume fraction and bone volume were found as data binning increased. Trabeculae number and trabecular separation were not influenced by any of the parameters. In conclusion, the morphometric outcome of bone repair assessment in micro-CT demonstrated dependency upon data binning, but not frame averaging. Therefore, image acquisition of small anatomical structures (e.g., rat trabeculae) should be performed without data binning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Suemi Irie
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/no, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rubens Spin-Neto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Radiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Juliana Simeão Borges
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/no, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ann Wenzel
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Radiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Avenida Pará s/no, Campus Umuarama, Bloco 4L, Bairro Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y, Ma G, Gao G, Tao J, Cao W, Sun H, Ma F, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Tian M. Bioimaging of Dissolvable Microneedle Arrays: Challenges and Opportunities. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9758491. [PMID: 36034102 PMCID: PMC9368514 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9758491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of microneedle arrays (MNAs) as a novel, simple, and minimally invasive administration approach largely addresses the challenges of traditional drug delivery. In particular, the dissolvable MNAs act as a promising, multifarious, and well-controlled platform for micro-nanotransport in medical research and cosmetic formulation applications. The effective delivery mostly depends on the behavior of the MNAs penetrated into the body, and accurate assessment is urgently needed. Advanced imaging technologies offer high sensitivity and resolution visualization of cross-scale, multidimensional, and multiparameter information, which can be used as an important aid for the evaluation and development of new MNAs. The combination of MNA technology and imaging can generate considerable new knowledge in a cost-effective manner with regards to the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of active substances for the treatment of various diseases. In addition, noninvasive imaging techniques allow rapid, receptive assessment of transdermal penetration and drug deposition in various tissues, which could greatly facilitate the translation of experimental MNAs into clinical application. Relying on the recent promising development of bioimaging, this review is aimed at summarizing the current status, challenges, and future perspective on in vivo assessment of MNA drug delivery by various imaging technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Wang
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Gehua Ma
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guangzhi Gao
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ji Tao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenzhao Cao
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Fengsen Ma
- Laboratory of Biologics and Biomaterials, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Life Science Research Center, Frontier Crossing Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Sensing and System, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310023, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and the Tsinghua Center for Frontier Polymer Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ibrahim N'I, Mohd Noor H'I, Shuid AN, Mohamad S, Abdul Malik MM, Jayusman PA, Shuid AN, Naina Mohamed I. Osteoprotective Effects in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Rat Model: Oral Tocotrienol vs. Intraosseous Injection of Tocotrienol-Poly Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid Combination. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:706747. [PMID: 34867320 PMCID: PMC8637158 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.706747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, the most common bone disease, is associated with compromised bone strength and increased risk of fracture. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress contributes to the progression of osteoporosis. Specifically, for postmenopausal osteoporosis, the reduction in estrogen levels leads to increased oxidative stress in bone remodeling. Tocotrienol, a member of vitamin E that exhibits antioxidant activities, has shown potential as an agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Most studies on the osteoprotective effects of tocotrienols had used the oral form of tocotrienols, despite their low bioavailability due the lack of transfer proteins and high metabolism in the liver. Several bone studies have utilized tocotrienol combined with a nanocarrier to produce a controlled release of tocotrienol particles into the system. However, the potential of delivering tocotrienol-nanocarrier combination through the intraosseous route has never been explored. In this study, tocotrienol was combined with a nanocarrier, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), and injected intraosseously into the bones of ovariectomized rats to produce targeted and controlled delivery of tocotrienol into the bone microenvironment. This new form of tocotrienol delivery was compared with the conventional oral delivery in terms of their effects on bone parameters. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The first group was sham operated, while other groups were ovariectomized (OVX). Following 2 months, the right tibiae of all the rats were drilled at the metaphysis region to provide access for intraosseous injection. The estrogen group (OVX + ESTO) and tocotrienol group (OVX + TTO) were given daily oral gavages of Premarin (64.5 mg/kg) and annatto-tocotrienol (60 mg/kg), respectively. The locally administered tocotrienol group (OVX + TTL) was given a single intraosseous injection of tocotrienol-PLGA combination. After 8 weeks of treatment, both OVX + TTO and OVX + TTL groups have significantly lower bone markers and higher bone mineral content than the OVX group. In terms of bone microarchitecture, both groups demonstrated significantly higher trabecular separation and connectivity density than the OVX group (p < 0.05). Both groups also showed improvement in bone strength by the significantly higher stress, strain, stiffness, and Young's modulus parameters. In conclusion, daily oral tocotrienol and one-time intraosseous injection of tocotrienol-PLGA combination were equally effective in offering protection against ovariectomy-induced bone changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul 'Izzah Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasnul 'Iffah Mohd Noor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Naqib Shuid
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Sharlina Mohamad
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Maaruf Abdul Malik
- Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Accuracy of radiographic pixel linear analysis in detecting bone loss in periodontal disease: Study in diabetic rats. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:987-996. [PMID: 34938041 PMCID: PMC8665186 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis, a complex infectious disease that may lead to irreversible loss of periodontium, is considered a predisposing agent for developing insulin resistance due to the release of inflammatory mediators, showing a bilateral relationship with diabetes mellitus. The investigation of periodontal disease requires a clinical approach and complete intraoral radiographs, even with increasing concerns about radiation exposure. Thus, this study assesses pixel linear analysis accuracy using digital radiography via Digora® in detecting alveolar bone destruction in diabetic rats with periodontal disease. Methodology 40 rats were divided into groups (n = 10): control (C), rats with periodontal disease (PD), experimental diabetic rats (ED), experimental diabetic rats with periodontal disease (ED-PD). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and periodontal disease by periodontal ligature. After 30 days, maxillae bone destruction was obtained by linear analysis of vertical bone loss using digital radiography and then assessed by micro-CT and histology. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results Radiographic, micro-CT and histological analysis presented accurate and similar results. PD and ED-PD groups showed higher bone destruction than C and ED groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the ED-PD group had higher bone loss than the PD group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The pixel linear analysis via digital radiography was an accurate, low-cost alternative in detecting alveolar bone loss in this rat model. Micro-CT and histological analysis may also be used to obtain linear measures to assess and compare periodontal bone destruction in diabetic rats.
Collapse
|
25
|
Porrelli D, Abrami M, Pelizzo P, Formentin C, Ratti C, Turco G, Grassi M, Canton G, Grassi G, Murena L. Trabecular bone porosity and pore size distribution in osteoporotic patients - A low field nuclear magnetic resonance and microcomputed tomography investigation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104933. [PMID: 34837800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The study of bone morphology is of great importance as bone morphology is influenced by factors such as age and underlying comorbidities and is associated with bone mechanical properties and fracture risk. Standard diagnostic techniques used in bone disease, such as Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasonography do not provide qualitative and quantitative morphological information. In recent years, techniques such as High Resolution Computed Tomography (HR-CT), micro- CT, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) have been developed for the study of bone structure and porosity. Data obtained from these techniques have been used to construct models to predict bone mechanical properties thanks to finite element analysis. Cortical porosity has been extensively studied and successfully correlated with disease progression and mechanical properties. Trabecular porosity and pore size distribution, however, have increasingly been taken into consideration to obtain a comprehensive analysis of bone pathology and mechanic. Therefore, we have decided to evaluate the ability of micro- CT (chosen for its high spatial resolving power) and LF-NMR (chosen to analyze the behavior of water molecules within trabecular bone pores) to characterize the morphology of trabecular bone in osteoporosis. Trabecular bone samples from human femoral heads collected during hip replacement surgery were from osteoporosis (test group) and osteoarthritis (control group) patients. Our data show that both micro- CT and LF-NMR can detect qualitative changes in trabecular bone (i.e., transition from plate-like to rod-like morphology). Micro- CT failed to detect significant differences in trabecular bone morphology parameters between osteoporotic and osteoarthritic specimens, with the exception of Trabecular Number and Connectivity Density, which are markers of osteoporosis progression. In contrast, LF-NMR was able to detect significant differences in porosity and pore size of trabecular bone from osteoporotic versus osteoarthritic (control) samples. However, only the combination of these two techniques allowed the detection of structural morphometric changes (increase in the larger pore fraction and enlargement of the larger pores) in the trabecular bone of osteoporotic specimens compared to osteoarthritic ones. In conclusion, the combined use of LF-NMR and micro- CT provides a valuable tool for characterizing the morphology of trabecular bone and may offer the possibility for a new approach to the study and modeling of bone mechanics in the context of aging and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Porrelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Maggiore Ospital, Trieste University, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34125, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pelizzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Formentin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Ratti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Turco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Maggiore Ospital, Trieste University, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, I-34125, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 6/A, I 34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Canton
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste University, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Murena
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, I-34149, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis of Lesion Autofluorescence in the Evaluation of Oral Lichen Planus Treatment Effectiveness. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185448. [PMID: 34576672 PMCID: PMC8466626 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Topical steroids are used as the treatment of choice. The alternative is photodynamic therapy (PDT). The study aimed to fabricate optimal biodegradable matrices for methylene blue or triamcinolone acetonide because of a lack of currently commercially available carriers that could adhere to the mucous. METHODS The study was designed as a 12-week single-blind prospective randomized clinical trial with 30 patients, full contralateral split-mouth design. Matrices for steroid and photosensitizer and laser device were fabricated. Fractal and texture analysis of photographs, taken in 405, 450, 405 + 450 nm wavelength, of lesions was performed to increase the objectivity of the assessment of treatment. RESULTS We achieved two total responses for treatment in case of steroid therapy and one in the case of PDT. Partial response was noted in 17 lesions treated using local steroid therapy and 21 in the case of PDT. No statistically significant differences were found between the effectiveness of both used methods. Statistically significant differences in fractal dimension before and after treatment were observed only in the analysis of photographs taken in 405 + 450 nm wavelength. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy and topical steroid therapy are effective methods for treating OLP. Using a carrier offers the possibility of a more predictable and effective method of drug delivery into the mucous membrane. Autofluorescence enables the detection of lesions especially at the early stage of their development.
Collapse
|
27
|
Counterclockwise Drilling with Different Tapered Drills Condenses the Implant Bed-An Optical Coherence Tomography In Vitro Study. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57090940. [PMID: 34577863 PMCID: PMC8467273 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate the condensation and the microarchitecture of implant bed walls of sites prepared with counterclockwise drilling with tapered implant drills using optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: Four drill designs with different wall and tip angles were used. Polyurethane laminas resembling type IV bone microarchitecture were superimposed and clamped with a vice to simulate the coronal, middle, and apical aspects of the implant site. Twenty implant beds were prepared at 1200 rpm in clockwise (control) and counterclockwise (test) directions (N = 160). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate the condensation and microarchitecture characteristics of the implant bed walls. The relative condensation was calculated using the Image J software Bone application. The microarchitecture was evaluated in reconstructed 3D volumes in XY, XZ, and YZ sections. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Dunnet test was applied to determine differences between groups. Significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: Counterclockwise drilling (Test) condensed and changed the microarchitecture of the apical regions for all the implant beds in all of the groups when compared to clockwise drilling (control). The apical region of test groups showed the highest relative bone condensation (p = 0.026) when compared to controls. Conclusions: The direction of rotation (counterclockwise drilling) and not the design of tapered drills (tip and wall angles) is responsible for the condensation at the apical area observed in polyurethane blocks. The OCT method can be used for the evaluation of changes in density and microstructure of polyurethane blocks.
Collapse
|
28
|
Grzebieluch W, Kowalewski P, Grygier D, Rutkowska-Gorczyca M, Kozakiewicz M, Jurczyszyn K. Printable and Machinable Dental Restorative Composites for CAD/CAM Application-Comparison of Mechanical Properties, Fractographic, Texture and Fractal Dimension Analysis. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174919. [PMID: 34501009 PMCID: PMC8434230 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to the continuous development of light-curing resin composites it is now possible to print permanent single-tooth restorations. The purpose of this study was to compare resin composites for milling -Gandio Blocks (GR), Brilliant Crios (CR) and Enamic (EN) with resin composite for 3D printing-Varseo Smile Crown plus (VSC). Three-point bending was used to measure flexural strength (σf) and flexural modulus (Ef). The microhardness was measured using a Vickers method, while fractographic, microstructural, texture and fractal dimension (FD) analyses were performed using SEM, optical microscope and picture analysis methods. The values of σf ranged from 118.96 (±2.81) MPa for EN to 186.02 (±10.49) MPa for GR, and the values of Ef ranged from 4.37 (±0.8) GPa for VSC to 28.55 (±0.34) GPa for EN. HV01 ranged from 25.8 (±0.7) for VSC to 273.42 (±27.11) for EN. The filler content ranged from 19-24 vol. % for VSC to 70-80 vol. % for GR and EN. The observed fractures are typical for brittle materials. The correlation between FD of materials microstructure and Ef was observed. σf of the printed resin depends on layers orientation and is significantly lower than σf of GR and CR. Ef of the printed material is significantly lower than Ef of blocks for milling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Grzebieluch
- Laboratory for Digital Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry Witch Endodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-03-61
| | - Piotr Kowalewski
- Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Mechatronic Systems, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Grygier
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.G.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska-Gorczyca
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland; (D.G.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 S. Zeromski Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perminio DJ, Rodrigues DM, Vianna KC, Machado A, Lopes R, Barboza EP. Micro-tomographic analysis of the root trunk and pre-furcation area of the first mandibular molars. Odontology 2021; 110:120-126. [PMID: 34387774 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00645-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the root trunk (RT) and the pre-furcation area (PFA) of mandibular first molars. Thirty lower first mandibular molars extracted due to advanced periodontal disease were evaluated in a high-energy spiral computerized micro-tomography. Two gutta-percha markings on the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and at the furcation entrance (FE) at buccal and lingual surfaces served as reference points for measurements of RT length, and PFA width and depth, at the levels of CEJ, 1 mm apical to CEJ, 2 mm apical to CEJ, and at the FE. The mean RT length was 2.49 mm at buccal and 3.18 mm at lingual sides. The mean widths of the PFA at CEJ, at 1 and 2 mm apical to CEJ, and at FE were 2.9, 3.4, 3.9 and 4.3 mm, respectively, while the mean depths were 0.19, 0.32, 0.57 and 1.1 mm, respectively. The PFA coincided with CEJ in 10 buccal and 10 lingual surfaces, representing 33.33% of the sample. There was a negative correlation between RT length and PFA dimensions. This study concludes that the RT length was smaller than previous studies. From the CEJ up to the furcation entrance, the PFA showed a progressive increase in width and depth. The coincidence of the PFA area beginning at the CEJ in 1/3, and the negative correlation between RT length and PFA dimensions may represent greater risk factor for the early development of furcation lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyego Jhony Perminio
- Postgraduate program, Federal Fluminense University School of Dentistry, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Katia Costa Vianna
- Postgraduate program, Federal Fluminense University School of Dentistry, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Machado
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory PEN, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory PEN, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane Porto Barboza
- Department of Dental Clinic, Federal Fluminense University School of Dentistry, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Trafalski M, Kozakiewicz M, Jurczyszyn K. Application of Fractal Dimension and Texture Analysis to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Treatment of a Venous Lake in the Oral Mucosa Using a 980 nm Diode Laser-A Preliminary Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154140. [PMID: 34361334 PMCID: PMC8347063 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Venous lake (VL) is a common lesion resulting from the enlargement of thin-walled veins surrounded by a thick wall of fibrous tissue. Photocoagulation is becoming one of the basic methods for treating small vascular lesions. The aim of this study was an application of texture analysis (TA) and fractal dimension analysis (FDA) to evaluate VL treatment. Twenty-three VLs were included in the study. We used a 980 nm diode laser, 6 W, 100 ms pulse mode with a 50% duty cycle. The total dose of energy was in a range from 80 J to 600 J. We used the difference of intensity algorithm for FDA and microcontrast and a co-occurrence matrix for TA. A complete therapeutic effect was achieved in 83%, and in 9%, scar formation was observed after three months. No healing was observed in 4%, and there was partial healing in 4%. No differences in FD were observed between the lesions after three months and the healthy mucosa. The fractal dimension and microcontrast of a vascular lesion are mutually coupled. FDA and TA is a useful and objective method of assessing treatment effects for venous lakes. The non-contact mode of the 980 nm diode laser is an effective and safe method for treating a VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Trafalski
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kozakiewicz
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 S. Żeromski Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Jurczyszyn
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Porosity and pore size distribution of beds composed by sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran for solid-state cultivation. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
32
|
Bone Density around Titanium Dental Implants Coating Tested/Coated with Chitosan or Melatonin: An Evaluation via Microtomography in Jaws of Beagle Dogs. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant bone density plays an important role in the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of the study was to evaluate via micro-CT, in Hounsfield units, the bone density around dental implants coated with chitosan and melatonin and to compare it with the bone density around implants with a conventional etched surface after 12 weeks of immediate post-extraction placement in the jaws of Beagle dogs. Six dogs were used, and 48 implants were randomly placed: three groups—melatonin, chitosan, and control. Seven 10 mm × 10 mm regions of interest were defined in each implant (2 in the crestal zone, 4 in the medial zone, and 1 in the apical zone). A total of 336 sites were studied with the AMIDE tool, using the Norton and Gamble classification to assess bone density. The effect on bone density of surface coating variables (chitosan, melatonin, and control) at the crestal, medial, and apical sites and the implant positions (P2, P3, P4, and M1) was analyzed at bivariate and multivariate levels (linear regression). Adjusted effects on bone density did not indicate statistical significance for surface coatings (p = 0.653) but did for different levels of ROIs (p < 0.001) and for positions of the implants (p = 0.032). Micro-CT, with appropriate software, proved to be a powerful tool for measuring osseointegration.
Collapse
|
33
|
The Chairside Periodontal Diagnostic Toolkit: Past, Present, and Future. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11060932. [PMID: 34067332 PMCID: PMC8224643 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11060932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases comprise a group of globally prevalent, chronic oral inflammatory conditions caused by microbial dysbiosis and the host immune response. These diseases specifically affect the tooth-supporting tissues (i.e., the periodontium) but are also known to contribute to systemic inflammation. If left untreated, periodontal diseases can ultimately progress to tooth loss, lead to compromised oral function, and negatively impact the overall quality of life. Therefore, it is important for the clinician to accurately diagnose these diseases both early and accurately chairside. Currently, the staging and grading of periodontal diseases are based on recording medical and dental histories, thorough oral examination, and multiple clinical and radiographic analyses of the periodontium. There have been numerous attempts to improve, automate, and digitize the collection of this information with varied success. Recent studies focused on the subgingival microbiome and the host immune response suggest there is an untapped potential for non-invasive oral sampling to assist clinicians in the chairside diagnosis and, potentially, prognosis. Here, we review the available toolkit available for diagnosing periodontal diseases, discuss commercially available options, and highlight the need for collaborative research initiatives and state-of-the-art technology development across disciplines to overcome the challenges of rapid periodontal disease diagnosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ibrahim N, Parsa A, Hassan B, van der Stelt P, Rahmat RA, Ismail SM, Aartman IHA. Comparison of anterior and posterior trabecular bone microstructure of human mandible using cone-beam CT and micro CT. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:249. [PMID: 33964918 PMCID: PMC8106860 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the trabecular bone microstructures of anterior and posterior edentulous regions of human mandible using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro computed tomography (µCT). Methods Twenty volumes of interests consisting of six anterior and fourteen posterior edentulous regions were obtained from human mandibular cadavers. A CBCT system with a resolution of 80 µm (3D Accuitomo 170, J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a µCT system with a resolution of 35 µm (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium) were used to scan the mandibles. Three structural parameters namely, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were analysed using CTAn software (v 1.11, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). For each system, the measurements obtained from anterior and posterior regions were tested using independent sample t-test. Subsequently, all measurements between systems were tested using paired t-test. Results In CBCT, all parameters of the anterior and posterior mandible showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, µCT showed a significant different of Tb.Th (p = 0.023) between anterior and posterior region. Regardless of regions, the measurements obtained using both imaging systems were significantly different (p ≤ 0.021) for Tb.Th and Tb.N. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that only the variation of Tb.Th between anterior and posterior edentulous region of mandible can be detected using µCT. In addition, CBCT is less feasible than µCT in assessing trabecular bone microstructures at both regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Azin Parsa
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Bassam Hassan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Stelt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rabiah A Rahmat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti M Ismail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Irene H A Aartman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The Influence of Ficus deltoidea in Preserving Alveolar Bone in Ovariectomized Rats. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:8862489. [PMID: 33456747 PMCID: PMC7785368 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8862489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus deltoidea has been shown to possess antioxidant properties that could prevent the development of chronic inflammatory bone diseases. In this study, the efficacy of F. deltoidea in preventing alveolar bone resorption in osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy (OVX) was investigated. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) consisting of sham-operated (SO), ovariectomized control (OVXN), ovariectomized treated with estrogen (OVXP), and ovariectomized treated with F. deltoidea extract (OVXF). At the beginning of the study, two nonovariectomized, healthy rats were sacrificed to serve as baseline (BL). Treatment of the rats commenced two weeks after ovariectomy—the OVXP rats that served as positive control received Premarin® (64.5 μg/kg body weight), while OVXF rats were given F. deltoidea (800 mg/kg body weight); both agents were administered orally for two months. The negative control group of rats (OVXN) and the SO group received deionized water, also administered via oral gavage. At necropsy, morphometric assessment of the interradicular bone of the first molar was carried out using a micro-CT scanner, while quantification of osteoclasts and osteoblasts was performed histologically. The results showed that no statistically significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05) for bone morphometric assessment. However, trabecular thickness in the OVXF group was similar to BL, while trabecular separation and alveolar bone loss height were lower than those of the OVXN group. Histologically, the OVXF group demonstrated a significantly lower number of osteoclasts and a higher number of osteoblasts compared with OVXN (p=0.008 and p=0.019, respectively; p < 0.05). In conclusion, F. deltoidea has the capacity to prevent alveolar bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis rats by potentially preserving trabecular bone microarchitecture and to decrease osteoclast and increase osteoblast cell count.
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen C, Kim WK. The application of micro-CT in egg-laying hen bone analysis: introducing an automated bone separation algorithm. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5175-5183. [PMID: 33142433 PMCID: PMC7647928 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of micro-CT in small animal research, especially on bone health, has risen exponentially in recent years. However, its application in egg-laying hen bone analysis was still limited. This review introduces the technical aspects of micro-CT in egg-laying hen bone analysis, especially with the medullary bones presented in the cavity. In order to acquate application of micro-CT for laying hen bone research, image acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis settings need to be adjusted properly. The key difference regarding the application of micro-CT in laying hen bone compared to other small animals such as mice and rats was the larger bone size and more complex structures of medullary and trabecular bones. In order to analyze the details of laying hen bone structures, the volume of interest for laying hen should be selected at a region where all 3 bones are present (critical, trabecular, and medullary bone). Owing to the complexity of bone structures, the conventional techniques are not useful to distinguish the trabecular bone and medullary bone in laying hens accurately. In the current review, an automated segmentation algorithm is described to allow researchers to segment bone compartments without human bias. The algorithm is designed according to the morphology difference of medullary bones compared to trabecular and cortical bones. In this procedure, the loosely woven bones were separated by applying dual thresholds. The medullary calcium chunks were separated by opening or closing procedures, where we defined the diameter of medullary chunks being higher than the trabecular bone thickness as a separation trait. The application of micro-CT in laying hen bone health assessment will significantly expand our understanding of chicken bone physiology and osteoporosis, contributing to improve welfare in laying hens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - W K Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Evaluation of pulsed electromagnetic field protocols in implant osseointegration: in vivo and in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2925-2937. [PMID: 33033921 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate two protocols of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on osseointegration and establish one that addresses ideal parameters for its use in dentistry, especially in the optimization of the implants osseointegration process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male rats (Wistar) were allocated into three experimental groups: control (GC), test A (GTA, 3 h exposed), and test B (GTB, 1 h exposed). All animals received titanium implants in both tibias, and PEMF application (15 Hz, ± 1 mT, 5 days/week) occurred only in the test groups. They were euthanized at 03, 07, 21, and 45 days after PEMF therapy. Removal torque, histomorphometric measurements, three-dimensional radiographic evaluation, and in vitro biological assay analyses were performed. RESULTS GTB showed better results compared with GTA in removal torque tests, in bone volume and bone mineral density, cell viability, total protein content, and mineralization nodules (p < 0.05). GTA showed better performance in trabecular bone thickness and cell proliferation compared with GTB (p < 0.05), especially at osseointegration early periods. In the histomorphometric analysis and number of trabeculae, there were no differences in the test groups. CONCLUSION PEMF as a biostimulator was effective in optimizing the events in bone tissue that lead to osseointegration, especially when applied for a shorter time and in the initial periods of bone healing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The PEMF therapy is an effective alternative method for optimizing bone healing.
Collapse
|
38
|
Soares PBF, Soares CJ, Limirio PHJO, Lara VC, Moura CCG, Zanetta-Barbosa D. Biomechanical and morphological changes produced by ionizing radiation on bone tissue surrounding dental implant. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200191. [PMID: 32997090 PMCID: PMC7521423 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study analyzed the effect of ionizing radiation on bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the bone tissue surrounding a dental implant. Methodology: Twenty rabbits received three dental morse taper junction implants: one in the left tibia and two in the right tibia. The animals were randomized into two groups: the nonirradiated group (control group) and the irradiated group, which received 30 Gy in a single dose 2 weeks after the implant procedure. Four weeks after the implant procedure, the animals were sacrificed, and the implant/bone specimens were used for each experiment. The specimens (n=10) of the right tibia were examined by microcomputed tomography to measure the cortical volume (CtV, mm3), cortical thickness (CtTh, mm) and porosity (CtPo, %). The other specimens (n=10) were examined by dynamic indentation to measure the elastic modulus (E, GPa) and Vickers hardness (VHN, N/mm2) in the bone. The specimens of the left tibia (n=10) were subjected to pull-out tests to calculate the failure load (N), displacement (mm) up to the failure point and interface stiffness (N/mm). In the irradiated group, two measurements were performed: close, at 1 mm surrounding the implant surface, and distant, at 2.5 mm from the external limit of the first measurement. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s test and Student’s t-test (α=0.05). Results: The irradiated bone closer to the implant surface had lower elastic modulus (E), Vickers hardness (VHN), Ct.Th, and Ct.V values and a higher Ct.Po value than the bone distant to the implant (P<0.04). The irradiated bone that was distant from the implant surface had lower E, VHN, and Ct.Th values and a higher Ct.Po value than the nonirradiated bone (P<0.04). The nonirradiated bone had higher failure loads, displacements and stiffness values than the irradiated bone (P<0.02). Conclusion: Ionizing radiation in dental implants resulted in negative effects on the microarchitecture and biomechanical properties of bone tissue, mainly near the surface of the implant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos José Soares
- Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Vitor Carvalho Lara
- Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa
- Federal University of Uberlândia, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Santos FRD, Minto BW, Silva SWGD, Coelho LDP, Rossignoli PP, Costa Junior JS, Taba Junior M, Dias LGGG. Caprine demineralized bone matrix (DBMc) in the repair of non-critical bone defects in rabbit tibias. A new bone xenograft. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 35:e202000801. [PMID: 32901678 PMCID: PMC7478467 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020200080000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the use of demineralized bone matrix of caprine origin in experimental bone defects of the tibia in New Zealand rabbits. Methods Fragments of the tibia diaphysis were collected aseptically from clinically healthy goats. The bones were sectioned into 1 cm fragments and stored at -20°C for subsequent hydrochloric acid (HCL) demineralization. A 70 mg portion of DBMc was used to fill the experimental bone defects. Twenty-four female adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 2 groups: the MG (matrix group, left tibia) and CG (control group, right tibia). Additionally, they were separated into 4 groups with 6 animals, according to the period of analysis (15, 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively). Using microCT, volumetric parameters were evaluated: bone volume, relationship between bone volume and total volume, bone surface area, relationship between bone surface area and total volume, number of trabeculae, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation. Results There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between groups considering bone volume (BV) and bone:total volume (BV/TV), on 15, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Control group showed a statistically significant superiority (P < 0.05) considering the mean of the variables bone surface (BS), number of trabeculae (Tb.N) and between bone surface and total volume (BS/TV) at 15 and 90 days. Conclusions Caprine demineralized bone matrix was safe and tolerable. No signs of material rejection were seen macroscopically. It is an alternative for the treatment of bone defects when autologous graft is not available or in insufficient quantities.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cox TC. Microcomputed tomography of craniofacial mineralized tissue: A practical user's guide to study planning and generating quality data. Bone 2020; 137:115408. [PMID: 32407962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Whether in a clinical setting or a research environment using model organisms, X-ray-based computed tomography (CT) in its different forms represents the gold standard technology for the non-invasive imaging and quantification of mineralized tissues. While there are many excellent reviews on computed tomography in bone imaging, most focus on the appendicular skeleton. However, the craniofacial skeleton and mineralized dentition, which are frequently imaged for a variety of reasons, can require special considerations to ensure the best quality data are acquired and interpreted correctly. In this review, I will specifically focus on micro-computed tomography (microCT) related to the study of the craniofacial skeleton from the onset of cranioskeletal development through to adulthood using the mouse as the primary reference organism. In so doing, I will cover the important considerations when planning imaging studies, explain critical parameters of both scanning, reconstruction and 3D rendering of data that can impact quantification of different mineralized craniofacial tissues, and options for enabling accurate visualization of tomographic data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Cox
- Departments of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ten Years of Micro-CT in Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Literature Overview. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a consolidated imaging technology allowing non-destructive three-dimensional (3D) qualitative and quantitative analysis by the observation of microstructures with high resolution. This paper aims at delivering a structured overview of literature about studies performed using micro-CT in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery (MFS) by analyzing the entire set of articles to portray the state of the art of the last ten years of scientific publications on the topic. It draws the scenario focusing on biomaterials, in vitro and in/ex vivo applications, bone structure analysis, and tissue engineering. It confirms the relevance of the micro-CT analysis for traditional research applications and mainly in dentistry with respect to MFS. Possible developments are discussed in relation to the use of the micro-CT combined with other, traditional, and not, techniques and technologies, as the elaboration of 3D models based on micro-CT images and emerging numerical methods. Micro-CT results contribute effectively with whose ones obtained from other techniques in an integrated multimethod approach and for multidisciplinary studies, opening new possibilities and potential opportunities for the next decades of developments.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bone Substitutes Scaffold in Human Bone: Comparative Evaluation by 3D Micro-CT Technique. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the study is to assess a selection of commercially available bone biomaterials substitutes used as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications in dentistry, performing a clinical study on human subjects and using the microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis to investigate the main morphological and critical parameters of bone and biomaterials structures. Micro-CT was performed in both the phases, preclinical and clinical. In addition, it was combined with histology to analyze the extracted bone four months after implantation. Quantitative analysis of the main morphological parameters as the porosity, the bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and the trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) evidenced the main difference among the biomaterials properties and their influence on the bone tissue regeneration. Qualitative observations by the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the microstructure, contributed to the visualization of the mineralized areas. The analyses conducted on the bone substitutes before and after the implantation allowed quantifying the main biomaterials morphological parameters and the characterization of the human bone tissue regeneration. Thus, micro-CT and its combined application with histology demonstrated as a powerful approach for the microstructural investigation and for the final assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of the various treatments and implants.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jeong-Hyon K, Bon-Hyuk G, Sang-Soo N, Yeon-Cheol P. A review of rat models of periodontitis treated with natural extracts. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
|
44
|
Brady RD, Zhao MZ, Wong KR, Casilla-Espinosa PM, Yamakawa GR, Wortman RC, Sun M, Grills BL, Mychasiuk R, O'Brien TJ, Agoston DV, Lee PVS, McDonald SJ, Robinson DL, Shultz SR. A novel rat model of heterotopic ossification after polytrauma with traumatic brain injury. Bone 2020; 133:115263. [PMID: 32032779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurological heterotopic ossification (NHO) is characterized by abnormal bone growth in soft tissue and joints in response to injury to the central nervous system. The ectopic bone frequently causes pain, restricts mobility, and decreases the quality of life for those affected. NHO commonly develops in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, particularly in the presence of concomitant musculoskeletal injuries (i.e. polytrauma). There are currently no animal models that accurately mimic these combinations of injuries, which has limited our understanding of NHO pathobiology, as well as the development of biomarkers and treatments, in TBI patients. In order to address this shortcoming, here we present a novel rat model that combines TBI, femoral fracture, and muscle crush injury. Young adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three different injury groups: triple sham-injury, peripheral injury only (i.e., sham-TBI + fracture + muscle injury) or triple injury (i.e., TBI + fracture + muscle injury). Evidence of ectopic bone in the injured hind-limb, as confirmed by micro-computed tomography (μCT), was found at 6-weeks post-injury in 70% of triple injury rats, 20% of peripheral injury rats, and 0% of the sham-injured controls. Furthermore, the triple injury rats had higher ectopic bone severity scores than the sham-injured group. This novel model will provide a platform for future studies to identify underlying mechanisms, biomarkers, and develop evidence based pharmacological treatments to combat this debilitating long-term complication of TBI and polytrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Michael Z Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker R Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casilla-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan C Wortman
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian L Grills
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Denes V Agoston
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter V S Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale L Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Seo SJ, Kim YG. Visualization of woven bone structure through analysis of biopsy specimens using synchrotron radiation and conventional X-ray microcomputed tomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2020; 27:199-206. [PMID: 31868752 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the application of synchrotron radiation and conventional microcomputed tomography (SR-µCT and C-µCT, respectively) in evaluating bone-biopsy specimens. Bone-biopsy specimens were obtained using a trephine bur during bone-graft removal for implant placement six months after performing a maxillary sinus bone-graft procedure. Image data of specimens were obtained using SR-µCT and C-µCT. SR-µCT was performed using the 6C biomedical imaging beamline at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory with a monochromatic X-ray beam of 23 keV, and C-µCT was performed using a table-top CT scanner (Skyscan 1272). Reconstruction images obtained using the two methods were qualitatively compared with 2D images evaluated under 3D visualization. The SR-µCT images, especially of the new-bone-graft-woven-bone formation, were less noisy and sharper than the C-µCT images. To evaluate the new-bone-graft-woven-bone formation, only the SR-µCT images showed areas of new bone (NB) formation with bone substitute (BS; Bio-Oss) and woven bone (WB) contact, and correctly visualized true 3D structures of bone formation. Hence, µCT techniques are non-destructive and can provide detailed images of bone biopsy. In particular, SR-µCT can be used to obtain improved image quality with contrast of NB, BS and WB, demonstrating a level of detail comparable with bone formation. SR-µCT could be an unbiased 3D alternative for imaging WB formation and for high-throughput analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Seo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alcântara ACS, Assis I, Prada D, Mehle K, Schwan S, Costa-Paiva L, Skaf MS, Wrobel LC, Sollero P. Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 13:E106. [PMID: 31878356 PMCID: PMC6981613 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: Section 1 presents the main interested parties; Section 2 explains the organzation of the text; Section 3 motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; Section 4 motivates this survey; Section 5 concerns the collection of bibliographical references; Section 6 motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; Section 7 presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; Section 8 categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; Section 9 concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; Section 10 concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; Section 11 concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; Section 12 concerns bone fracture simulation; Section 13 presents the multiscale structure of bone; Section 14 concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; Section 15 concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; Section 16 concerns bone fracture risk assessment. Lastly, glossaries for symbols, acronyms, and physico-mathematical terms are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amadeus C. S. Alcântara
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Israel Assis
- Department of Integrated Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Prada
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Konrad Mehle
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, 06217 Merseburg, Germany;
| | - Stefan Schwan
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany;
| | - Lúcia Costa-Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Munir S. Skaf
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Computing in Engineering and Sciences, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil;
| | - Luiz C. Wrobel
- Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sollero
- Department of Computational Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-860, Brazil; (A.C.S.A.); (D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Brady RD, Wong KR, Robinson DL, Mychasiuk R, McDonald SJ, D'Cunha RA, Yamakawa GR, Sun M, Wark JD, Lee PVS, O'Brien TJ, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shultz SR. Bone Health in Rats With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in the Absence of Anti-Epileptic Drugs. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1278. [PMID: 31749702 PMCID: PMC6842946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Epilepsy patients often exhibit reduced bone mineral density and are at an increased risk of bone fracture. Whether these bone abnormalities are due to the use of anti-epileptic drugs (AED’s) or the disease itself is unknown. For example, although decreased bone health in epilepsy patients is generally attributed to the use of AED’s, seizures can also trigger a number of physiological processes that have the potential to affect bone. Therefore, to assess whether bone abnormalities occur in epilepsy in the absence of AED’s, the current study investigated mechanical characteristics and trabecular bone morphology in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Ten-week old male Wistar rats underwent kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE; n = 7) or a sham procedure (n = 9). Rats were implanted with EEG recording electrodes at nine weeks post-SE, and video-EEG was continuously recorded for one week at 10- and 22-weeks post-SE to confirm that SE rats had spontaneous seizures. Open-field testing to assess locomotion was conducted at 23-weeks post-SE. At 24-weeks post-SE, rats were euthanized and tibia were extracted to determine trabecular morphology by micro-computed tomography (µCT), while femurs were used to investigate mechanical properties via 3-point bending. Results: All post-SE rats had spontaneous seizures at 10- and 22-weeks post-SE, while none of the sham rats had seizures. µCT trabecular analysis of tibia revealed no differences in total volume, bone volume, bone volume fraction, trabecular number, or trabecular separation between post-SE or sham rats, although post-SE rats did have increased trabecular thickness. There were also no group differences in total distance travelled in the open field suggesting that activity levels did not account for the increased trabecular thickness. In addition, no differences in mechanical properties of femurs were observed between the two groups. Conclusion: There was a lack of overt bone abnormalities in rats with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in the absence of AED treatment. Although further studies are still needed, these findings may have important implications towards understanding the source (e.g., AED treatments) of bone abnormalities in epilepsy patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ker Rui Wong
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dale L Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan A D'Cunha
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Vee Sin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Effects of ionizing radiation on woven bone: influence on the osteocyte lacunar network, collagen maturation, and microarchitecture. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:2763-2771. [PMID: 31732880 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on microarchitecture, the osteocyte lacunar network, and collagen maturity in a bone repair site. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone defects were created on tibias of 20 New Zealand rabbits. After 2 weeks, the animals were randomly divided into (n = 10) NoIr (nonirradiated group) and Ir (irradiated group). In the Ir, the animals received single-dose irradiation of 30 Gy on the tibia and were euthanized after 2 weeks. Bone microarchitecture parameters were analyzed by using micro-CT, and the osteocyte lacunar network, bone matrix, and collagen maturation by histomorphometric analysis. The data were analyzed using unpaired Student's t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Trabecular thickness in Ir was lower than that in NoIr (P = 0.028). No difference was found for bone volume fraction and bone area. Lacunae filled with osteocytes were more numerous (P < 0.0001) in NoIr (2.6 ± 0.6) than in Ir (1.97 ± 0.53). Empty lacunae were more prevalent (P < 0.003) in Ir (0.14 ± 0.10) than in NoIr (0.1 ± 0.1). The mean osteocyte lacunae size was higher (P < 0.01) in Ir (15.4 ± 4.41) than in NoIr (12.7 ± 3.7). Picrosirius red analysis showed more (P < 0.05) mature collagen in NoIr (29.0 ± 5.3) than in Ir (23.4 ± 4.5). Immature collagen quantification revealed no difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS Ionizing radiation compromised bone formation and an impairment in bone repair in irradiated woven bone was observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Before radiotherapy, patients usually need surgical intervention, which may be better performed, if clinicians understand the repair process in irradiated bone, using novel approaches for treating these individuals.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nascimento EHL, Gaêta-Araujo H, Brasil DM, Madlum DV, Freitas DQ, Haiter-Neto F, Oliveira-Santos C. Impact of micro-computed tomography reconstruction protocols on bone microarchitecture analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:411-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Kato CN, Barra SG, Tavares NP, Amaral TM, Brasileiro CB, Mesquita RA, Abreu LG. Use of fractal analysis in dental images: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2019; 49:20180457. [PMID: 31429597 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20180457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reviewed the use of fractal analysis (FA) in dental images. METHODS A search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. The inclusion criteria were human studies in the English language, with no date restriction. RESULTS 78 articles were found in which FA was applied to panoramic radiographs (34), periapical radiographs (21), bitewing radiographs (4), cephalometric radiograph (1), cone beam CT (15), micro-CT (3), sialography (2), and ultrasound (2). Low bone mineral density (21) and systemic or local diseases (22) around the bone of dental implants were the main subjects of the study of FA. Various sizes and sites of the regions of interest were used to evaluate the bone structure. Different ways were used to treat the image and to calculate FA. FA of 43 articles showed significant differences in the comparison of groups, mainly between healthy and sick patients. CONCLUSIONS FA in Dentistry has been widely applied to the study of images. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were those most frequently used. The Image J software and the box-counting method were extensively adopted in the studies reviewed herein. Further studies are encouraged to improve clarification of the parameters that directly influence FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Nao Kato
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sâmila G Barra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Núbia Pk Tavares
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tânia Mp Amaral
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B Brasileiro
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Mesquita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Abreu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|