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Yahyaoui K, Traikia M, Rihouey C, Picton L, Gardarin C, Ksouri WM, Laroche C. Chemical characterization of polysaccharides from Gracilaria gracilis from Bizerte (Tunisia). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131127. [PMID: 38527684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides were extracted from Gracilaria gracilis collected from Manzel Jemil Lake in Bizerte Tunisia, with two different solvents (water and NaOH 0.3 M). Different assays were performed on samples (total sugars, neutral sugars, uronic acids, anhydrogalactose, proteins, sulphates, pyruvates), followed by high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) to observe the monosaccharide composition, high pressure size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering (HPSEC-MALS) to obtain the molecular mass, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to access to structural data. Results have shown that the polysaccharide extracted from Gracilaria gracilis collected from Manzel Jemil Lake in Bizerte Tunisia, is of agar type but with high molecular mass and some original structural features. Hence, the sample was found to contain 9 % of pyruvate groups and is partly sulphated at the C4 of β-d-galactose and methylated on C2 of anhydro-α-l-galactose. The polymer from G. gracilis from Bizerte thus presents a never described structure that could be interesting for further rheological or biological activities applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yahyaoui
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - M Traikia
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, ICCF, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Rihouey
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - L Picton
- Université de Rouen, Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - C Gardarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - W Megdiche Ksouri
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - C Laroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Nakamura-Gouvea N, Alves-Lima C, Benites LF, Iha C, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Aliaga-Tobar V, Araujo Amaral Carneiro M, Yokoya NS, Marinho-Soriano E, Graminha MAS, Collén J, Oliveira MC, Setubal JC, Colepicolo P. Insights into agar and secondary metabolite pathways from the genome of the red alga Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:406-423. [PMID: 35090189 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gracilariales is a clade of florideophycean red macroalgae known for being the main source of agar. We present a de novo genome assembly and annotation of Gracilaria domingensis, an agarophyte alga with flattened thallus widely distributed along Central and South American Atlantic intertidal zones. In addition to structural analysis, an organizational comparison was done with other Rhodophyta genomes. The nuclear genome has 78 Mbp, with 11,437 predicted coding genes, 4,075 of which did not have hits in sequence databases. We also predicted 1,567 noncoding RNAs, distributed in 14 classes. The plastid and mitochondrion genome structures were also obtained. Genes related to agar synthesis were identified. Genes for type II galactose sulfurylases could not be found. Genes related to ascorbate synthesis were found. These results suggest an intricate connection of cell wall polysaccharide synthesis and the redox systems through the use of L-galactose in Rhodophyta. The genome of G. domingensis should be valuable to phycological and aquacultural research, as it is the first tropical and Western Atlantic red macroalgal genome to be sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nakamura-Gouvea
- Laboratory of Algal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cicero Alves-Lima
- Laboratory of Algal Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu, Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Benites
- CNRS, UMR 7232 Biologie Intégrative des Organismes Marins (BIOM), Sorbonne Université, Observatoire Océanologique - F-66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Cintia Iha
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile - Independencia, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Victor Aliaga-Tobar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile - Independencia, Santiago, 8380492, Chile
| | - Marcella Araujo Amaral Carneiro
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Nair S Yokoya
- Phycology Research Center, Institute of Botany, Secretary of Infrastructure and Environment of São Paulo State, Brazil - Av. Miguel Estefano, 3687, Água Funda, São Paulo, SP, 04301-012, Brazil
| | - Eliane Marinho-Soriano
- Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - Via Costeira, Praia de Mãe Luiza, s/n, Natal, RN, 59014-002, Brazil
| | - Marcia A S Graminha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú km 1, Campus Ville, Araraquara, SP, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Jonas Collén
- Station Biologique de Roscoff, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models - CS 90074, Roscoff cedex, 29688, France
| | - Mariana C Oliveira
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, R Matão 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joao C Setubal
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Mousavian Z, Safavi M, Azizmohseni F, Hadizadeh M, Mirdamadi S. Characterization, antioxidant and anticoagulant properties of exopolysaccharide from marine microalgae. AMB Express 2022; 12:27. [PMID: 35239029 PMCID: PMC8894541 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01365-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulfated exopolysaccharide extracted from marine microalgae attracted considerable attention from both the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. In the present study biomass of five marine microalgae were screened to find strains with high capacity for the production of sulfated exopolysaccharides. The anticoagulant and antioxidant activities of extracted sulfated polysaccharides were evaluated using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Picochlorum sp. showed a strong DPPH scavenging effect with 85% antioxidant activity. The sulfated polysaccharides of Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella sp. (L2) and Chlorella sp. (D1) scavenged more than 90% of the ABTS radicals. However, the sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Chlorella sorokiniana, and Chlorella sp. (N4) showed anticoagulant properties. The dual anticoagulant-antioxidant activities in Chlorella sorokiniana could be explained by the combination of various factors including sulfate content and their binding site, monosaccharide residue and glycoside bond which are involved in the polysaccharide’s bioactivity. Sulfated exopolysaccharides (sPS) were extracted from marine green microalgae by the heated acid extraction method. sPS with the higher sulfate/sugar ratio presented potent ABTS radical scavenging activity. Some of the sPS revealed anticoagulant effects in activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays.
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Pei Y, Yang S, Xiao Z, Zhou C, Hong P, Qian ZJ. Structural Characterization of Sulfated Polysaccharide Isolated From Red Algae ( Gelidium crinale) and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Macrophage Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:794818. [PMID: 34869300 PMCID: PMC8637441 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.794818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelidium crinale, the red algae belonging to Geliaceae Gelidium, is a traditional edible and industrial alga in China. A sulfated polysaccharide (GNP) is successfully separated from Gelidium crinale by acid extraction and two-step column chromatography. Chemical analysis showed that the molecular weight of GNP was 25.8 kDa and the monosaccharide composition had the highest galactose content and confirmed the presence and content (16.5%) of sulfate by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectrometry as well as barium chloride-gelatin methods. In addition, the effect of GNP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages was also evaluated. The research results showed that GNP had fairly strong scavenging activities on 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and had Fe2+-chelating ability in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, it significantly inhibits the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS through blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway. These results indicate that GNP may be a latent component anti-inflammation in pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pei
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shengtao Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhenbang Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Ji Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Environment, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
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Acosta-Quiroga K, Rojas-Peña C, Nerio LS, Gutiérrez M, Polo-Cuadrado E. Spirocyclic derivatives as antioxidants: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21926-21954. [PMID: 35480788 PMCID: PMC9034179 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, spiro compounds have attracted significant interest in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous biological activities attributed primarily to their versatility and structural similarity to important pharmacophore centers. Currently, the development of drugs with potential antioxidant activities is of great importance since numerous investigations have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of numerous diseases such as cancer, senile cataracts, kidney failure, diabetes, high blood pressure, cirrhosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. This article provides an overview of the synthesis and various antioxidant activities found in naturally occurring and synthetic spiro compounds. Among the antioxidant activities reviewed are DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, anti-LPO, superoxide, xanthine oxidase, peroxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide tests, among others. Molecules that presented best results for these tests were spiro compounds G14, C12, D41, C18, C15, D5, D11, E1, and C14. In general, most active compounds are characterized for having at least one oxygen atom; an important number of them (around 35%) are phenolic compounds, and in molecules where this functional group was absent, aryl ethers and nitrogen-containing functional groups such as amine and amides could be found. Recent advances in the antioxidant activity profiles of spiro compounds have shown that they have a significant position in discovering drugs with potential antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Acosta-Quiroga
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Programa de Química Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con, Cra. 3F Florencia 180001 Colombia
| | - Cristian Rojas-Peña
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Programa de Química Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con, Cra. 3F Florencia 180001 Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Nerio
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Programa de Química Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con, Cra. 3F Florencia 180001 Colombia
| | - Margarita Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio Síntesis Orgánica y Actividad Biológica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca Casilla 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Efraín Polo-Cuadrado
- Laboratorio Síntesis Orgánica y Actividad Biológica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca Casilla 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
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Antioxidant Potential of Physicochemically Characterized Gracilaria blodgettii Sulfated Polysaccharides. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030442. [PMID: 33573123 PMCID: PMC7866499 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine rhodophyte polysaccharides have a wide range of described biological properties with nontoxic characteristics, and show great potential in prebiotics and the functional foods industries. However, there is a virtual lack of Gracilaria blodgettii polysaccharides (GBP) profiling and their bioactivities. This study was designed while keeping in view the lack of physical and chemical characterization of GBP. This polysaccharide was also not previously tested for any bioactivities. A linear random coil conformation was observed for GBP, which was found to be a polysaccharide. A significant sulfate (w/w, 9.16%) and 3,6-anhydrogalactose (AHG, w/w, 17.97%) content was found in GBP. The significant difference in its setting (27.33 °C) and melting (64.33 °C) points makes it resistant to increasing heat. This, in turn, points to its utility in industrial scale processing and in enhancing the shelf-life of products under high temperatures. A radical scavenging activity of 19.80%, 25.42% and 8.80% was noted for GBP (3 mg/mL) in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (ABTS) and hydroxyl radical (HO) scavenging assays, respectively. Therefore, the findings suggest that Gracilaria blodgettii polysaccharides display a good antioxidant potential and may have potential applications in the functional food industry.
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Chemical and thermal characteristics of soluble polysaccharides from fruit pericarps of the Algerian Argania spinosa. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2020-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Soluble polysaccharides were isolated from fruit pericarps of the Algerian Argania spinosa. The cell wall fraction was subjected to sequential extractions with H2O (2 × 2 h at 100°C), EDTA (1%, 6 h at 80°C) and KOH (1 and 4 M, 14 h at 25°C). The structures of the obtained polysaccharide fractions were characterized using gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The presence of arabinose, galactose and rhamnose in the pectin fractions suggests the presence of rhamnogalacturonan, while the abundance of xylose in the hemicellulosic fractions indicates the presence of xylan. The DSC data revealed the endothermal behavior of all the soluble polysaccharides and only two thermal transitions, the glass transition (Tg) and the fusion transition (Tf) have been recorded.
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Arunkumar K, Raja R, Kumar VBS, Joseph A, Shilpa T, Carvalho IS. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [PMCID: PMC7498196 DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a growing interest in the exploration of antioxidants and global trend toward the usage of seaweeds in the food industries. The low molecular weight up to 14 kDa sulfated polysaccharides of seaweeds (Portieria hornemannii, Spyridia hypnoides, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Centroceras clavulatum and Padina pavonica) were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities and cytotoxic assay using HeLa cell line and also characterized by FTIR. The high yield (7.74% alga dry wt.) of sulfated polysaccharide was observed in P. hornemannii followed by S. hypnoides (0.69%), C. clavulaum (0.55%) and A. taxiformis (0.17%). In the brown seaweed P. pavonica, the sulfated polysaccharide yield was 2.07%. High amount of sulfate was recorded in the polysaccharide of A. taxiformis followed by C. clavulaum, P. pavonica, S. hypnoides and P. hornemannii as indicative for bioactivity. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis supports the sulfated polysaccharides of S. hypnoides, C. clavulatum and A. taxiformis are similar to agar polymer whereas the spectral characteristics of P. hornemannii have similarities to carrageenan. The higher DPPH activity and reducing power were recorded in the polysaccharide of brown seaweed P. pavonica than the red seaweeds as follows: DPPH activities: S. hypnoides > A. taxiformis > C. clavulatum > P. hornimanii; Reducing power: A. taxiformis > P. hornimanii > S. hypnoides > C. clavulatum. The polysaccharide fractions contain up to 14 kDa from red seaweeds P. hornemannii and S. hypnoides followed by brown seaweed P. pavonica exhibit cytotoxic activity in HeLa cancer cell line (and are similar to structural properties of carrageenan extracted from P. hornemannii). The low molecular weight agar like polymer of S. hypnoides and alginate like brown seaweed P. pavonica showing better in vitro antioxidant activities that are capable of exhibiting cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line can be taken up further in-depth investigation for nutraceutical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Arunkumar
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala 671 320 India
| | - Rathinam Raja
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Food Science Laboratory, FCT, University of Algarve, Building 8, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - V. B. Sameer Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala 671 320 India
| | - Ashna Joseph
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala 671 320 India
| | - T. Shilpa
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala 671 320 India
| | - Isabel S. Carvalho
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Food Science Laboratory, FCT, University of Algarve, Building 8, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Khan BM, Qiu HM, Wang XF, Liu ZY, Zhang JY, Guo YJ, Chen WZ, Liu Y, Cheong KL. Physicochemical characterization of Gracilaria chouae sulfated polysaccharides and their antioxidant potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:255-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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