1
|
Szpiłyk M, Lubczak R, Lubczak J. Cellulose-Based Polyurethane Foams of Low Flammability. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1438. [PMID: 38794632 PMCID: PMC11125267 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing oil resources creates the need to search for raw materials in the biosphere, which can be converted into polyols suitable for obtaining polyurethane foams (PUF). One such low-cost and reproducible biopolymer is cellulose. There are not many examples of cellulose-derived polyols due to the sluggish reactivity of cellulose itself. Recently, cellulose and its hydroxypropyl derivatives were applied as source materials to obtain polyols, further converted into biodegradable rigid polyurethane foams (PUFs). Those PUFs were flammable. Here, we describe our efforts to modify such PUFs in order to decrease their flammability. We obtained an ester from diethylene glycol and phosphoric(III) acid and used it as a reactive flame retardant in the synthesis of polyol-containing hydroxypropyl derivative of cellulose. The cellulose-based polyol was characterized by infrared spectra (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) methods. Its properties, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, and hydroxyl numbers, were determined. Melamine was also added to the foamed composition as an additive flame retardant, obtaining PUFs, which were characterized by apparent density, water uptake, dimension stability, heat conductance, compressive strength, and heat resistance at 150 and 175 °C. Obtained rigid PUFs were tested for flammability by determining oxygen index, horizontal flammability test, and calorimetric analysis. Obtained rigid PUFs showed improved flammability resistance in comparison with non-modified PUFs and classic PUFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacek Lubczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland (R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Carvalho CES, Reis FDS, Silva ERDDFS, Bezerra DDO, Pacheco IKC, Fialho ACV, de Matos JME, de Melo WGG, Leite YKPDC, Argôlo NM, de Carvalho MAM. Characterization of Brazilian Buriti oil biomaterial: the influence on the physical, chemical properties and behaviour of Goat Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230071. [PMID: 38148927 PMCID: PMC10750812 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian Buriti oil presents low extraction costs and relevant antioxidant properties. Thus, this work aimed to analyze Buriti oil biomaterial (BB), within its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and cellular integration, with the purpose to the use as a growth matrix for Goat Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials were produced from Buriti oil polymer (Mauritia flexuosa), for it's characterization were performed Infrared Region Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG and DTG). The biointegration was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histological techniques. In order to investigate biocompatibility, MTT (3-(4,5-dimetil-2-tiazolil)-2,5-difenil-2H-tetrazólio) test and hemolytic activity tests were performed. The activation capacity of immune system cellswas measured by phagocytic capacity assay and nitric oxide synthesis . The BB presented an amorphous composition, with high thermal stability and high water expansion capacity, a surface with micro and macropores, and good adhesion of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCWJ). We verified the absence of cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, in addition, BB did not stimulate the activation of macrophages. Proving to be a safe material for direct cultivation and also for manufacturing of compounds used for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ernanda Sousa de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia Tropical, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Fernando da Silva Reis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | - Dayseanny de Oliveira Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias Aplicadas a Animais de Interesse Regional, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | | | - José Milton Elias de Matos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências dos Materiais, Centro de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Wanderson Gabriel Gomes de Melo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias Aplicadas a Animais de Interesse Regional, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | | | - Napoleão Martins Argôlo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias Aplicadas a Animais de Interesse Regional, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Maria Acelina Martins de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Tecnologias Aplicadas a Animais de Interesse Regional, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lubczak J, Lubczak R, Chmiel-Bator E, Szpiłyk M. Polyols and Polyurethane Foams Obtained from Mixture of Metasilicic Acid and Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194039. [PMID: 36235991 PMCID: PMC9572702 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyalkylation of the mixture of metasilicic acid and cellulose with glycidol and ethylene carbonate leads to a polyol suitable to obtain rigid polyurethane foams. The composition, structure, and physical properties of the polyol were studied in detail. The obtained foams have apparent density, water absorption, and polymerization shrinkage, as well as heat conduction coefficients similar to conventional, rigid polyurethane foams. The polyols and foams obtained from environmentally unobtrusive substrates are easily biodegradable. Additionally, the obtained foams have high thermal resistance and are self-extinguishing. Thermal exposure of the foams leads to an increase of the compressive strength of the material and further reduces their flammability, which renders them suitable for use as heat insulating materials.
Collapse
|
4
|
Szpiłyk M, Lubczak R, Lubczak J. Polyetherols and polyurethane foams with cellulose subunits. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1819316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Szpiłyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Renata Lubczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jacek Lubczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Silva AMG, Pereira IM, Silva TI, Silva MR, Rocha RA, Silva MC. Magnetic foams from polyurethane and magnetite applied as attenuators of electromagnetic radiation in X band. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria G. Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de materiais compósitos e poliméricos (LIMCOP) Instituto de Engenharias Integradas (IEI), Universidade Federal de Itajubá Itabira Brazil
| | - Iaci M Pereira
- Laboratório de Materiais Centro Tecnológico do Exército ‐ Divisão Bélica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Tamara I. Silva
- Laboratório de Materiais Centro Tecnológico do Exército ‐ Divisão Bélica Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Manoel R. Silva
- Instituto de Física e Química Universidade Federal de Itajubá Itajubá Brazil
| | - Renata A. Rocha
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas Universidade Federal do ABC Santo André Brazil
| | - Mercês C. Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de materiais compósitos e poliméricos (LIMCOP) Instituto de Engenharias Integradas (IEI), Universidade Federal de Itajubá Itabira Brazil
| |
Collapse
|