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Łebek E, Dąbek J, Szynal M, Knapik A. Frequency of back pain occurrence among high school youth including their physical activity. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:487-497. [PMID: 34152112 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain diseases are among frequently reported health problems. Unfortunately, more often this problem also affects young people, high school students. Lifestyle that people are representing nowadays has a negative impact on their spine. Development of technology and transportation eliminates daily basic physical activity such as taking a walk to the school. Prolonged and inappropriate sitting posture during classes and using the computer at home are predisposing factors for back pain occurrence. The aim of this paper was to analyze the frequency of back pain occurrence among high school youth and attempt to relate their occurrence frequency with sex, time spent in sitting position, anthropometric parameters and physical activity of examined students. METHODS The examined group initially counted 272 teenagers, but ultimately 218 were taken into account for the analysis and 54 questionnaires were filled in incorrectly and rejected. All of them were high school students. Customized survey consisting of general part and closed questions regarding physical activity (subjective experience of work load) was used as an examination tool. RESULTS Examined youth spent on average 10.04 hours daily in a sitting position. As much as 195 (89.45%) of examined teenagers declared to experience back pain at least once in their lives. The most of teenagers (117; 53.67%) indicated lumbar spine pain. Girls more often felt spine pain issues in comparison to boys. Short stature of teenagers was often related to back pain occurrence. No correlation between time spent in sitting position and frequency of skeleton axis pain occurrence was noted. Among group of boys a relation between more frequent physical activity and less often spine pain occurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS Spine pain is an important health problem of examined youth, occurring more frequent among girls than boys. Body height correlate negatively with frequency of spine pain occurrence among youth. Despite spending more than 10 hours daily in sitting position by examined youth, it did not affect the frequency of back pain issues occurrence. Higher physical activity of examined boys was related to less often back pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Łebek
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Józefa Dąbek
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland -
| | - Magdalena Szynal
- School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Knapik
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity and Sport, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Nascimento GBS, de Maio Nascimento M, de Araújo LMG, Gouveia ÉR, Ihle A. Comics as a Physical Education Tool for Health Promotion in Brazilian Primary Education, Based on Paulo Freire's Principles of Empowerment. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1575. [PMID: 37761536 PMCID: PMC10527742 DOI: 10.3390/children10091575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Incorrect postural habits developed already at an early age are predictors of low back pain and functional limitations in adult life. Postural education programs (PEPs) are activities developed in Physical Education classes with the aim of promoting healthy habits. One tool used by PEPs is comics. The objective of this study was to develop comics and apply them as a teaching tool in PEPs for students aged seven to ten years. The procedures were based on individual empowerment principles, including creation activities, reading, painting, crosswords, and discussion of comics. The activities strengthened the students' interactions, gaining new knowledge that required cognitive and expressive resources to interpret, associate, and conceptualize themes of correct body posture. During six weeks of intervention, knowledge about body posture, anatomy, and health promotion exercises increased significantly in relation to the beginning of activities. The comic book proved to be an effective, attractive, and low-cost didactic resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bernard Soares Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil; (G.B.S.N.); (L.M.G.d.A.)
| | - Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil; (G.B.S.N.); (L.M.G.d.A.)
| | - Luciana Márcia Gomes de Araújo
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil; (G.B.S.N.); (L.M.G.d.A.)
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland;
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
- Swiss Center of Expertise in Life Course Research LIVES, 1227 Carouge, Switzerland
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Abumohssin AG, Alghamdi AA, Magboul MA, Asali FW, Mahrous MS, Basaqr AA, Abduljabbar FH. Association Between Musculoskeletal Pain and Studying Hours Among Medical Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e45158. [PMID: 37842492 PMCID: PMC10572067 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are one of the common health issues affecting people of various ages. The main risk factors for musculoskeletal pain are age, obesity, gender, level of education, psychosocial factors, occupational factors, decreased mobility and flexibility, and common factors such as consuming TV and video games. College students, especially medical students, are at a higher risk of these complaints as they have longer hours of studying than most faculties due to the competitiveness of their specialty. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between musculoskeletal pain and studying hours in medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and to increase awareness of this problem. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. Data was collected using an online questionnaire. A total of 314 participants were included in this study. The demographic variables, studying hours, studying locations, and postures were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 314 medical students were included in this study. The majority were males (71.0%) and, the mean age was 22.05±2.13 years. Most of them were sixth-year students, and most of them reported studying between three and four hours (40.1%), with the most common studying location reported being the students' home or residence (79.3%). The number of daily studying hours had no significant effect on the occurrence of musculoskeletal problems. Conclusion There was no significant relationship between the number of studying hours and the MSK pain. Clinical trials could be used to evaluate the most effective approaches to alleviate MSK pain in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maan A Magboul
- Dermatology, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Feras W Asali
- Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Mansour S Mahrous
- Medicine and Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Fahad H Abduljabbar
- Orthopaedic Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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Guerra PH, Martelo R, da Silva MN, de Andrade GF, Christofaro DGD, Loch MR. Screen time and low back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review of Brazilian studies. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE DE PEDIATRIA DE SAO PAULO 2023; 41:e2021342. [PMID: 37042940 PMCID: PMC10088468 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2021342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and summarize the possible associations between screen time and low back pain in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE Systematic searches were performed in five electronic databases (Lilacs, Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science) on 01/25/2021, complemented by manual searches in reference lists and on Google Scholar, looking for original scientific articles that included Brazilian observational studies; whose samples had children and/or adolescents aged between 6 and 19 years, without specific clinical conditions, and that presented analyses of associations between indicators of screen time and nonspecific low back pain, based on regression models. DATA SYNTHESIS Nine cross-sectional studies whose samples had adolescents were included. Of the 18 analyses identified, nine reported risk relationships between the variables of interest. More specifically, risk associations were found in two studies that evaluated adolescents exposed to at least three hours using cell phone or tablet, and watching television per day. Also, instruments, cut-off points adopted, and screen equipment evaluated were diverse. CONCLUSIONS Even though most of the risk associations were borderline from the statistical point of view, we found a higher frequency of risk associations between screen time and non-specific low back pain in adolescents exposed to screen time for at least three hours a day. In addition, further longitudinal studies with samples composed of children should be conducted across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Martelo
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Gender Mediation in Adolescents’ Back Pain and Physical Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040696. [PMID: 35455873 PMCID: PMC9031714 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of studies that analyze the interaction between risk variables as predictors of back pain (BP) in adolescents. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between BP and several risk variables, and to analyze the effect of the mediation of gender in this association. This cross-sectional study included n = 617 adolescents (mean age: 14.10 ± 1.18 years old) who completed the BP Adolescent Survey and who performed the bench trunk curl (BTC) and Sorensen (SOR) tests. Males showed a significantly lower prevalence (OR: 0.67) and frequency (contingency coefficient: 1.73) of BP than females, less participation in leisure-time sedentary behaviors (LRSBs) per day of more than 2 h (Cramer’s V: 0.110), a higher sufficient Physical Activity (PA) (Cramer’s V: 0.323) and a higher score in the BTC test (Contingency coefficient: 0.346). A high BTC score indicated significantly lower risk of BP than mid (OR: 1.74; p = 0.025) or low (OR: 1.62; p = 0.022) BTC. The mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect with a significant value for the Sobel test (z = 7.45 ± 0.111). When the BTC test value was included in the equations, the connection between gender and BP was no longer significant. There was a difference in the prevalence between gender in BP and LRSB and PA. BP was associated with the SOR test. The association between BP and gender was mediated by SOR results.
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Baradaran Mahdavi S, Riahi R, Vahdatpour B, Kelishadi R. Association between sedentary behavior and low back pain; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect 2022; 11:393-410. [PMID: 35079583 PMCID: PMC8767074 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2021.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sedentariness is a substantial risk for many chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the correlation of sedentary behavior and its indicators with low back pain (LBP) among adults and children. Methods: Original articles published up to April 28, 2020, using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were evaluated. Odds ratio (OR, 95% CI) was considered the overall effect size for desired associations. Results: We reviewed 49 English articles with analytical observational study design, of which, 27 studies with cross sectional/survey design were retained in the meta-analysis. Among adults, sedentary lifestyle was a considerable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.24, 1.02-1.5); prolonged sitting time (OR=1.42, 1.09-1.85) and driving time (OR=2.03, 1.22-3.36) were the significant risk factors. Sedentary behavior was associated with LBP in office workers (OR=1.23). Moreover, excess weight (OR=1.35, 1.14-1.59) and smoking (OR=1.28, 1.03-1.60) were associated with LBP. Among children, sedentary lifestyle was a remarkable risk factor for LBP (OR=1.41, 1.24- 1.60); prolonged TV watching (OR=1.23, 1.08-1.41) and computer/mobile using and console playing time (OR=1.63, 1.36-1.95) were significant risk factors for LBP. Consumption of coffee, however, has yield conflicting results to be considered as a risk factor. Moreover, the researches on the correlation between sedentariness and high-intensity LBP are scarce and inconclusive. Conclusion: Sedentary behavior, whether in work or leisure time, associates with a moderate increase in the risk of LBP in adults, children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Baradaran Mahdavi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Vahdatpour
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Vitta AD, Biancon RDB, Cornélio GP, Bento TPF, Maciel NM, Perrucini PDO. Primary headache and factors associated in university students: a cross sectional study. ABCS HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.7322/abcshs.2020005.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Primary headaches, defined as disorders in themselves caused by independent pathomechanisms and not by other disorders, are prevalent in university students and considered one important health problems in the world. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of primary headaches and analyze associations with sociodemographic characteristics and the use of electronic devices by university students. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study analysis was carried out with a sample of 1,143 students of both genders who responded to the questionnaire on demographic, socioeconomic aspects, use of electronic devices, and on the primary headaches. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, and Poisson regression were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of primary headache of 60.7%, being that, in relation to the type, 33.2% presented tension-type headache, 54.3% migraine, and 12.3% other types of headache. Regression analysis showed that female gender and income of up to two minimum wages were associated with primary headache and migraine type. The primary headache was associated with subjects of the white race; watching television and playing video games for more than 3 hours per day, for example. The sitting posture, semi-lying down, and distance from the eyes to the mobile phone and tablet longer than 20 cm were associated with primary headache and the three types of headaches. Conclusion: The results allow us to conclude that there is a high prevalence of primary headaches in college students and that socioeconomic factors related to the use of electronic devices are associated with the presence of primary headaches.
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Back Pain Related with Age, Anthropometric Variables, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures, Hamstring Extensibility, Physical Activity and Health Related Quality of Life in Male and Female High School Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197293. [PMID: 33036288 PMCID: PMC7579385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinal pain (SP) is widely extended among adolescents. The origin of SP can be multifactorial; thus, the present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk of SP in high school students and to determine the differences in sagittal spinal curvatures and pelvic tilt, hamstring extensibility, age, anthropometric variables and healthy lifestyle habits dependent on SP between sexes. Two hundred seventy-three teenagers took part in this cross-sectional study. Age, sagittal spinal curvatures, hamstring extensibility, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, anthropometric variables and health related quality of life (HRQL) were recorded. SP was reported by 16.12% of adolescents. Differences were observed in the HRQL according to SP (p < 0.05). Participants without SP were less sedentary (22.12%) and younger (13.10 years old) than participants with SP (40.91% and 13.66, respectively) (p < 0.05). A logistic regression model showed that both variables were significantly collinear (VIF = 1.01; Durbin-Watson = 2.10). Subjects with low back pain (LBP) had a higher weight, body max index, and hip girth than subjects without pain (p < 0.05). A misalignment in the lumbar spine was associated with LBP for males (Cramer’s V = 0.204, p = 0.022). In conclusion, adolescents with SP were older and had a lower HRQL in all dimensions. SP could be predicted according to age and sedentary habits.
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Sitting Posture, Sagittal Spinal Curvatures and Back Pain in 8 to 12-Year-Old Children from the Region of Murcia (Spain): ISQUIOS Programme. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072578. [PMID: 32283720 PMCID: PMC7177740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To explore sagittal spinal alignment and pelvic disposition of schoolchildren in a slump sitting position is needed in order to establish preventive educational postural programs. The purposes of this study were to describe sagittal spinal alignment and pelvic tilt (LSA) in a slump sitting position and to explore the association of sagittal spine and pelvic tilt with back pain (BP) among 8-12-year-old children. It was a cross-sectional study. Sagittal spinal curvatures, BP and pelvic tilt were assessed in 582 students from 14 elementary schools. It was found that 53.44% of children had slight thoracic hyperkyphosis and that 48.80% presented moderate lumbar hyperkyphosis and 38.66% presented slight lumbar hyperkyphosis. Those who did not suffer from BP in any part of the back had a higher lumbar kyphosis (24.64 ± 7.84) or a greater LSA (107.27 ± 5.38) than children who had some type of BP in the previous year or week (lumbar kyphosis: 23.08 ± 8.06; LSA: 105.52 ± 6.00), although with no clinically relevant differences. In fact, neither sufferers nor those who did not have BP presented normal mean values for lumbar kyphosis or LSA according to normality references. This study demonstrates the need to assess sagittal morphotype in childhood since schoolchildren remain incorrectly seated for many hours and it greatly affects their spinal curvatures.
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Strikovic V, Krasnik R, Zvekic-Svorcan J, Demesi Drljan C, Kuhajda D, Ivanic J, Vuklis D. Potential risk factors for back pain in children. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2020; 32:749-754. [PMID: 30814345 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-181380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Back pain often develops in early childhood and becomes more frequent during adolescence. The aim of this study was to determine potential risk factors and the therapy effects on back pain in children. METHODS This retrospective study included 96 boys and girls treated for back pain in outpatient and hospital setting in the 1.1.2016-31.12.2016 period at the Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Serbia. The influence of sex, age, physical activity and presence of concomitant locomotor system deformities, as well as applied therapies, on the back pain in children was analyzed using SPSS ver. 21. RESULTS The studied sample comprised of 56.3% girls. The average age of the subjects was 14.64 years, 43 (44.8%) of the children were physically active. In children suffering from back pain, spinal column deformities were also noted, mostly scoliosis (27.1%) and kyphosis (20.8%). Chronic pain was diagnosed in 54 children (56.3%). The average pain intensity, as measured on the VAS, was 5.72 and 0.92 before and after therapy, respectively (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Among the analyzed parameters, only lumboishialgia was a significant factor in the onset of back pain, which declined following ergonomic education and physical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Strikovic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, General Hospital "Dr Radivoj Simonovic" Sombor, Sombor, Serbia
| | - Rastislava Krasnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Zvekic-Svorcan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Cila Demesi Drljan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute of Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Danijela Kuhajda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute for Pulmonary Diseases of Vojvodina, Vojvodina, Serbia
| | - Jelena Ivanic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vuklis
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Bento TPF, Genebra CVDS, Cornélio GP, Biancon RDB, Simeão SFAP, Vitta AD. Prevalence and factors associated with shoulder pain in the general population: a cross-sectional study. FISIOTERAPIA E PESQUISA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-2950/18026626042019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal pain in the shoulder is considered one of the most prevalent causes of pain and disability in adults. To verify the prevalence of shoulder pain and correlated factors in adults aged 20 years or older in cross-sectional study with 600 individuals interviewed through questionnaires: (1) participants characterization; (2) level of physical activity; (3) reported morbidities; and (4) musculoskeletal symptoms. Descriptive, bivariate, and Poisson regression analyses were performed. The prevalence of pain in the shoulder was 24% (CI 20.3%-27.5%). Being 60 years or older (PR=2.14; 1.33-2.45), female (PR=1.92; 1.29-285), using the computer more than three times a week (PR=1.55; 1.01-2.32), working in a sitting position (PR=1.64; 1.03-2.59), standing up leaning the body forward (PR=1.54; 1.00-2.37), and reporting two or more morbidities (PR=3.31; 1.97-5.57) were all indicators of shoulder pain. This study discloses a high prevalence of shoulder pain and a strong relation with women, age, those who use the computer more than three times a week, those who execute occupational activities sitting and standing up leaning the body forward, and those who report two or more diseases.
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12
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Beynon AM, Hebert JJ, Lebouef-Yde C, Walker BF. Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part II: unclear or mixed types of back pain. Chiropr Man Therap 2019; 27:61. [PMID: 31827768 PMCID: PMC6862810 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-019-0281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Back pain is a global problem in terms of disability and financially, with a large burden both to the individual and to society. Back pain was previously believed to be uncommon in children. However, there is a growing body of evidence that this is not the case. Objective Part I of this scoping review studied risk factors of incident and episodic back pain. In this part II we aimed to identify all risk factors and triggers with unclear or mixed type back pain in young people and to identify any gaps in the literature. Methods A scoping review design was selected to summarise the evidence, as there are many studies on "risk factors" for back pain. The scoping review followed the PRISMSA-ScR guidelines. We considered all studies that tested potential risk factors and triggers for thoracic and/or lumbar spine pain, in children, adolescents, and young adults (≤ 24 years). PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to September 2018, to identify relevant English language articles. The results regarding potential risk factors were separated into temporal precursors and bidirectional risk factors and the studies were classified by study design. Results Our comprehensive search strategy identified 7356 articles, of which 83 articles were considered eligible for this review (part II). There were 53 cross-sectional studies and 30 cohort studies. Potential risk factors for back pain were: female sex, older age, later pubertal status, positive family history of back pain, increased growth, and a history of back pain, most of which are temporal precursor variables. There was limited research for the illness factors, spinal posture, and muscle endurance in the development of back pain. Conclusion Many of the included studies approached risk factors in similar ways and found factors that were associated with back pain but were not obvious risk factors as causality was uncertain. Future research should be more rigorous and innovative in the way that risk factors are considered. This could be through statistical approaches including cumulative exposures, or longitudinal approaches including multi-trajectory methods. Additionally, data on proposed risk factors should be collected before the onset of back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Beynon
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Hebert
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Drive, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Charlotte Lebouef-Yde
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
- Institute for Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bruce F Walker
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia Australia
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Noll M, Candotti CT, da Rosa BN, Vieira A, Loss JF. Back pain and its risk factors in Brazilian adolescents: a longitudinal study. Br J Pain 2019; 15:16-25. [PMID: 33633850 DOI: 10.1177/2049463719871751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the lack of longitudinal studies in Latin American countries, we aimed to evaluate back pain and its risk factors in a 3-year longitudinal study of Brazilian adolescents. We analysed data of 525 adolescents (aged 11-16 years) attending primary school (fifth to eighth grade) in Brazil. The students were administered the self-reported Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) questionnaire in 2011 and at a follow-up evaluation that was conducted 3 years later (2014). Back pain was the outcome variable; the exposure variables included exercise, behavioural, hereditary and postural factors. Generalized estimating equations were used to perform a Poisson regression model with robust variance to evaluate the risk factors for back pain. The prevalence of back pain at baseline was 56% (n = 294); this increased significantly at the 3-year follow-up evaluation to 65.9% (n = 346). The frequency of experiencing back pain also significantly increased after 3 years in both boys (p = 0.002) and girls (p = 0.001). The prevalence of back pain increased significantly in adolescents up to the age of 13 years, stabilized in those aged 14 years and older and was higher among girls. A family history of back pain (in the parents), watching television for lengthy periods and carrying a backpack asymmetrically were predictors for back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adriane Vieira
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kikuchi R, Hirano T, Watanabe K, Sano A, Sato T, Ito T, Endo N, Tanabe N. Gender differences in the prevalence of low back pain associated with sports activities in children and adolescents: a six-year annual survey of a birth cohort in Niigata City, Japan. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:327. [PMID: 31299959 PMCID: PMC6626327 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine gender differences in the relationship between extracurricular sports activities (ECSA) and low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. METHODS In a cohort analysis of a 6-year birth cohort annual survey, students were followed from the fourth to sixth grades of elementary school (E4-E6; 9-12 years old) through the first to third grades of junior high school (J1-J3; 12-15 years old). All students completed annual questionnaires on ECSA and LBP. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association strength between ECSA and LBP. We also calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF), which was defined as the proportion of students with ECSA-related LBP among all students with LBP. RESULTS ECSA was significantly associated with LBP only in grade J3 among boys (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.47-2.71). On the other hand, among girls, ECSA was significantly associated with LBP in grades E5 (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.00-2.20), E6 (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.33-2.75), and J3 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.26-2.61). Among boys, PAF was similar in all grades (range, 10-16%), whereas among girls, the PAF varied (- 11 to 29%) and was significantly higher in girls than in boys in grades E5 (19.0% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.01) and E6 (28.8% vs. 12.8%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although there was a link between ECSA and LBP in both boys and girls, girls were more susceptible to ECSA-related LBP, especially in grades E5 and E6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Rosai Hospital, 12-7-1 touuntyou, Jouetsu City, Niigata, Japan. .,Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Toru Hirano
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuki Sano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tsuruoka Municipal Shonai Hospital, 4-20 izumityou, Tsuruoka City, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital, 1-2-8 hontyou, Shibata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takui Ito
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Nagata clinic, 4-1205 nagata, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 asahimachidori, chuoku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naohito Tanabe
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture, 471 ebigase, higashiku, Niigata City, Niigata, Japan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review was conducted (Prospero CRD42016038186). Observational studies analyzing LBP risk factors among participants aged between 9 and 16 were searched for in 13 electronic databases and 8 specialized journals until March 31, 2016, with no language restrictions. In addition, references in the identified studies were manually tracked. All identified studies that included ≥50 participants aged 9 to 16, were reviewed. Their methodological quality was assessed by 2 reviewers separately, using validated tools, which scored, from worst to best, 0 to 100 for cross-sectional and 0 to 12 for cohort studies. A sensitivity analysis only included studies that had adjusted for confounders, had ≥500 participants, and had a methodological score of ≥50%. RESULTS A total of 5142 citations were screened and 61 studies, including 137,877 participants from 5 continents, were reviewed. Their mean (range) methodological scores were 74.56 (50 to 100) for cross-sectional studies and 7.36 (5 to 9) for cohort studies. The studies had assessed 35 demographic, clinical, biological, family, psychological, ergonomic, and lifestyle risk factors. The mean (range) prevalence of LBP ranged between 15.25% (3.20 to 57.00) for point prevalence and 38.98% (11.60 to 85.56) for lifetime prevalence. Results on the association between LBP and risk factors were inconsistent. In the sensitivity analysis, "older age" and "participation in competitive sports" showed a consistent association with LBP. DISCUSSION Future studies should focus on muscle characteristics, the relationship between body and backpack weights, duration of carrying the backpack, characteristics of sport practice, and which are the factors associated with specifically chronic pain.
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Ben Ayed H, Yaich S, Trigui M, Ben Hmida M, Ben Jemaa M, Ammar A, Jedidi J, Karray R, Feki H, Mejdoub Y, Kassis M, Damak J. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Neck, Shoulders and Low-Back Pain in Secondary-School Children. J Res Health Sci 2019; 19:e00440. [PMID: 31133629 PMCID: PMC6941626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a public health problem among school-adolescents. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of neck, shoulders and low-back pain among school-adolescents. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS School-adolescents aged from 12 to 18 years between October 2017 and February 2018 in South of Tunisia were recruited. Eligible participants were randomly selected and were asked to respond a four-section questionnaire. Factors independently associated with MSP were determined through multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Among 1221 enrolled subjects, shoulders, low-back and neck pain were reported in 43%, 35.8% and 32%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that independent risk factors of neck pain were female gender (Adjusted odds ratio AOR=1.55; P=0.002), using computer ≥4 hours/week (AOR=1.50; P=0.010), too low desk (AOR=2.30; P<0.001) and carrying schoolbag ≥60 minutes (AOR=1.58; P=0.008). Female gender (AOR=3.30; P<0.001), BMI ≥25 Kg/m2 (AOR=1.6; P=0.018), playing videogames ≥2 hours/day (AOR=2.37; P<0.001) and schoolbag weight to body weight ≥10% (AOR=1.46; P=0.026) were independently associated with shoulders pain. For low back-pain, independent risk factors were high-school grade (AOR=2.70; P<0.001), playing videogames ≥2 hours/day (AOR=1.83; P<0.001), watching TV≥12 hours/week (AOR=1.5; P=0.016), too low seat backrest (AOR=1.4; P=0.005) and too far seat-to-black (board) distance (AOR=1.5; P=0.041). School-adolescents consumed drugs for MSP in 19.5%, had sleep disturbance in 34% and aggressive behaviors in 22.8%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MSP was substantially high among school-adolescents and their associated risk factors included sociodemographic factors, leisure activities and classroom furniture. An ergonomic specific and behavior-based school program is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ben Ayed
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Sourour Yaich
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Trigui
- Preventive medicine and hygiene department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Hmida
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maissa Ben Jemaa
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High institute of sport and physical education, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Jedidi
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Karray
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Yosra Mejdoub
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Kassis
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Damak
- Community Health and Epidemiology Department, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Noormohammadpour P, Borghei A, Mirzaei S, Mansournia MA, Ghayour-Najafabadi M, Kordi M, Kordi R. The Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Female High School Students. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E357-E365. [PMID: 30095795 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with low back pain (LBP) in female adolescents of high school age. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The prevalence of LBP in Tehran is high, and the majority of previous studies on LBP in adolescent and its risk factors have been performed in the developed countries. Therefore, identification of risk factors and planning appropriate protocols for prevention of LBP in adolescents may substantially decrease the prevalence of LBP and its burden in developing countries in future. METHODS In a prospective cross-sectional study, demographic characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), weight and mode of using backpack, family history of LBP in first degree relatives, and passive smoking status of the participants along with a history of LBP were recorded. Joint hypermobility was assessed using Beighton scale. Also, anthropometric measurements, spinal flexion, and hip joint range of motion were measured for each participant. RESULTS In total, 372 students participated in the study. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 15.8 (0.9) years. The lifetime, more than 3 months, and last month history of LBP was 46.2%, 11.6%, and 31.2%, respectively. Positive history of LBP in the first-degree relatives was significantly associated with LBP in the participants (P < 0.01). The prevalence of passive smoking was significantly higher in the participants with last month history of LBP (P = 0.03). The prevalence of joint hypermobility was 15.9% and was significantly higher in those with the lifetime and last month history of LBP (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION LBP is a common complaint among adolescent and high school girl students. The results of this study identified the prevalence and associated factors with LBP in high school students and will help develop strategies for prevention and treatment of LBP in the adolescent population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Noormohammadpour
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Borghei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Mirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Ghayour-Najafabadi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Motor Behaviour, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahla Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Prevalence of excessive screen time and TV viewing among Brazilian adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95:155-165. [PMID: 29859903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of excessive screen-based behaviors among Brazilian adolescents through a systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCE Systematic review and meta-analysis were recorded in the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD 2017 CRD42017074432). This review included observational studies (cohort or cross-sectional) that evaluated the prevalence of excessive screen time (i.e. combinations involving different screen-based behaviors) or TV viewing (≥2h/day or >2h/day in front of screen) through indirect or direct methods in adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years. The research strategy included the following databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and ADOLEC. The search strategy included terms for "screen time", "Brazil", and "prevalence". Random effect models were used to estimate the prevalence of excessive screen time in different categories. DATA SUMMARY Twenty-eight out of 775 studies identified in the search met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of excessive screen time and TV viewing was 70.9% (95% CI: 65.5-76.1) and 58.8% (95% CI: 49.4-68.0), respectively. There was no difference between sexes in both analyses. The majority of studies included showed a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of excessive screen time and TV viewing was high among Brazilian adolescents. Intervention are needed to reduce the excessive screen time among adolescents.
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Schaan CW, Cureau FV, Sbaraini M, Sparrenberger K, Kohl III HW, Schaan BD. Prevalence of excessive screen time and TV viewing among Brazilian adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Low Back Pain among Medical Students in Belgrade (Serbia): A Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:8317906. [PMID: 29623146 PMCID: PMC5829428 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8317906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim To examine the prevalence of low back pain, to identify self-perceived triggers of low back pain, and to investigate the impact of perceived pain on the daily activities and mood among medical students. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled 459 fourth year students at the Faculty of Medicine in Belgrade during December 2014. The anonymous questionnaire was used for data collection. In data analysis, the chi-square test and t-test were used. Results The lifetime prevalence of low back pain was 75.8%, 12-month prevalence 59.5%, and point prevalence 17.2%. Chronic low back pain was experienced by 12.4% of the students. Both the lifetime (p=0.001) and the 12-month (p=0.001) low back pain prevalence rates were significantly higher among female medical students. Mental stress during an exam period (p=0.001), sitting at the university (p=0.002), fatigue (p=0.043), improper body posture (p=0.005), and lack of exercise (p=0.001) as self-perceived triggers of low back pain were significantly more often reported by female students, compared to males. Regarding daily functioning, the experience of low back pain mostly affects students sleeping (14.6%) and walking (12.0%). Conclusions The prevalence of LBP is high among Belgrade medical students and significantly affects their everyday functioning.
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Late bedtimes, short sleeping time, and longtime video-game playing are associated with low back pain in school-aged athletes. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 27:1112-1118. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Genebra CVDS, Maciel NM, Bento TPF, Simeão SFAP, Vitta AD. Prevalence and factors associated with neck pain: a population-based study. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:274-280. [PMID: 28602744 PMCID: PMC5537482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The study population shows high prevalence of neck pain. The factors were widowed, income, educational level, sitting posture and diseases. Prevention should emphasize sociodemographic, behavioral, and ergonomic factors.
Background Neck pain is a musculoskeletal condition with high prevalence that may affect the physical, social, and psychological aspects of the individual, contributing to the increase in costs in society and business. Objective To determine the prevalence of neck pain and associated factors in a population-based sample of adults aged 20 and more. Methods Cross-sectional study based on a population survey. A total number of 600 individuals were interviewed in their homes, and the following data were collected: (1) participant characteristics (demographic, socioeconomic, and work-related aspects) using a pre-coded questionnaire; (2) physical activity level using the IPAQ; and (3) musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and Poisson regression analyses were performed. Results The prevalence of neck pain was 20.3% (95% CI 17.3–23.7). The adjusted analyses showed that individuals who were widowers or separated (PR = 2.26; 1.42–5.88), had a low income (PR = 1.32; 1.22–6.27) or low educational level (PR = 1.83; 1.02–5.26), worked while sitting and leaning (PR = 1.55; 1.08–2.40), and who reported having two or more diseases (PR = 1.71; 1.55–6.31) remained associated with neck pain. Conclusion This study reveals the high prevalence of neck pain and remarkable association with widowed/separated people who have low income and low educational level, who perform their occupational activities in sitting and leaning positions, and who reported having two or more diseases. Knowledge of these risk factors will contribute to the development of forms of assistance in which neck pain can be prevented and better managed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoly Machado Maciel
- Programa de Mestrado em Fisioterapia na Saúde Funcional, Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alberto De Vitta
- Programa de Mestrado em Fisioterapia na Saúde Funcional, Universidade do Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru, SP, Brazil.
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA, Al-Eisa ES. Mechanical factors and vitamin D deficiency in schoolchildren with low back pain: biochemical and cross-sectional survey analysis. J Pain Res 2017; 10:855-865. [PMID: 28442927 PMCID: PMC5396951 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s124859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the role of vitamin D, muscle fatigue biomarkers, and mechanical factors in the progression of low back pain (LBP) in schoolchildren. BACKGROUND Children and adolescents frequently suffer from LBP with no clear clinical causes, and >71% of schoolchildren aged 12-17 years will show at least one episode of LBP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 250 schoolchildren aged 12-16 years were randomly enrolled in this study. For all schoolchildren height, weight, percentage of daily sun exposure and and areas of skin exposed to sun, method of carrying the bag, and bag weight and type were recorded over a typical school week. Pain scores, physical activity (PA), LBP, serum vitamin 25(OH)D level, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and calcium (Ca) concentrations were estimated using prevalidated Pain Rating Scale, modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, short-form PA questionnaire, and colorimetric and immunoassay techniques. RESULTS During the period of October 2013-May 2014, LBP was estimated in 52.2% of the schoolchildren. It was classified into moderate (34%) and severe (18%). Girls showed a higher LBP (36%) compared with boys (24%). In schoolchildren with moderate and severe LBP significantly higher (P=0.01) body mass index, waist, hip, and waist-to-hip ratio measurements were observed compared with normal schoolchildren. LBP significantly correlated with less sun exposure, lower PA, sedentary activity (TV/computer use), and overloaded school bags. In addition, schoolchildren with severe LBP showed lower levels of vitamin 25(OH)D and Ca and higher levels of CK, LDH, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase compared with moderate and healthy schoolchildren. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age, gender, demographic parameters, PA, vitamin D levels, Ca, CK, and LDH associated with ~56.8%-86.7% of the incidence of LBP among schoolchildren. CONCLUSION In children and adolescents, LBP was shown to be linked with limited sun exposure, inadequate vitamin D diets, adiposity, lower PA, sedentary lifestyles, vitamin 25 (OH) D deficiency, and lower levels of Ca, CK, and LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Einas S Al-Eisa
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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