[Primary healthcare geared to the needs of the elderly: from theory to practice]

Impact of matrix support on older adults in primary care: randomized community trial

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the effect of matrix support on health for older adults in primary care according to the dimensions of frailty measured with the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20).

METHODS

This is a randomized controlled community trial, developed in the Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in 2018. Initially, the stratification of clinical and functional vulnerability of older adults supported by six Family Health Strategy teams occurred with the IVCF-20. Subsequently, three teams were drawn to receive matrix support for six months, and the others for control. In this intervention, face-to-face educational activities were developed for health teams. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by bivariate analysis by Pearson's chi-square test, to compare the variables of the IVCF-20 between the two moments (before and after the intervention), with a 5% significance level. Relative risks and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated.

RESULTS

The groups were similar before intervention, and the effect of matrix actions was positive for most dimensions measured by IVCF-20 (instrumental daily living activity, cognition, mood, mobility, communication, and multiple comorbidities). At the end of the research, the percentage of frailty in the group assisted by professionals participating in matrix support was lower than that of the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

Matrix support actions, such as pedagogical attribution and horizontal care for health teams, have the potential to contribute to the articulation of models of care for older adults.

REBEC

registro BR-7b9xff.

Primary Health Care in caring for dependent older adults and their caregivers

Primary Health Care is a care model whose attributes contribute to solving most of the health problems of older adults in Brazil's increased longevity. This investigation aims to analyze the care provided to the dependent older adults and their caregivers within Primary Health Care. This is a qualitative study conducted in eight Brazilian municipalities in 2019. A total of 190 subjects participated in the research, whose information was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through the theoretical framework of Dialectic Hermeneutics. Problems with access, home care, the health care network, and interprofessional work were identified. The teams provide practices under the biomedical model's logic focused on the medical professional, although health promotion and disease prevention actions have been identified. There is a need to qualify PHC and expand the scope of practices, incorporating the core of knowledge not traditionally introduced into the teams. Moreover, it is essential to strengthen the State's role and create specific public policies for dependent older adults and their caregivers.

Aging, sexuality and nursing care: the elderly woman's look

OBJECTIVE

to analyze the perception of elderly women about sexuality and practice of nursing care in this context.

METHOD

a descriptive qualitative study. Fifty elderly women from Guanambi City - Bahia State were interviewed in 2016. Data collection technique was direct interview by using an unstructured script. Analysis of the semantic content described was carried out, and two empirical categories: the elderly woman's view of nursing care in the promotion of sexual health and experience of sexuality in the elderly; and nursing care in the context of women's aging.

RESULTS

it has been noted that the elderly women are afraid to talk about sexuality, especially with health professionals. By influences of society, they often exclude this issue of health care for elderly women.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

changes must be thought about assistance provided in relation to sexuality.

Access and use of speech-language therapy services in Porto Alegre, Brazil: a population-based study

To estimate the prevalence of access and use of speech-language therapy services and identify the variables associated with access. Cross-sectional population-based study. The sample consisted of adult individuals living in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil. The data were collected using an instrument constructed with domains of national research questionnaires, with a module on speech-language therapy. The outcome was the access to a speech-language therapist. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate Prevalence Ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 214 people participated in the study, of which 67.3% (n = 144) were female. The mean age was 54.28 (SD±18.83) years. Fifty-six (26.2%) people mentioned the need for speech-language therapy consultation. All 56 subjects were able to perform speech-language therapy, of which 69.4% (n = 39) in private practice and 19.6% (n=11) used healthcare insurance plans at partnering providers. In the final model, the highest prevalence of access was associated with female (PR=1.09,95%CI1.01-1.18) and had some deficiency (PR = 1.09,95%CI1.03-1.17). Access to a speech-language therapist is more frequent in private services. It is observed that women and the disabled individuals have a higher prevalence of access to speech-language therapist.

Perception of nursing workers on the care of hypertension in older adult

OBJECTIVE

To understand how nursing workers perceive care of hypertension (HBP) in older adult within the scope of the Family Health Strategy.

METHOD

A qualitative descriptive study carried out in the city of Natal/RN, with 20 nursing workers providing care to older adults with HBP. The data were obtained through a semi-structured interview and analysed by the Thematic Analysis, based on the theoretical support of the integrality, using Atlas.ti 7.0 software.

RESULTS

The elements found as facilitators were: territorialization, partnerships, professional proactivity and the user's bond with the team. Among those found as barriers were: disease-centered care; academic education based on the biomedical model; lack of inter-sectorality and discontinuity of care in the care network.

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS

Nursing workers perceive that health institutions lack articulated and innovative practices that incorporate new paradigms focused on integrality of care.

Causes for hospitalization of elderly individuals due to primary care sensitive conditions and its associated contextual factors

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to analyze the hospitalizations of the elderly for conditions sensitive to primary care (ICSAP) and associated contextual factors, referring to elderly people aged 60 and over, living in municipalities in the Northeast region.

METHODS

Characterized as being an ecological study using data from the Hospital Information System (SIH) and the Basic Attention Information System (SIAB) referring to elderly people aged 60 and over.

RESULTS

The total hospitalization rate was 527,524, with the highest number due to heart failure, followed by cerebrovascular diseases, and infectious gastroenteritis. Analyzing the ICSAP rates with the contextual factors, all were significant. Regarding the coverage of basic care, a similarity occurred between them, and for the rate of the number of consultations among the elderly, despite the greater number of these in the municipalities with higher hospitalization rates, there was no significant difference between them.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that the contextual factors interfere in the conditions of this hospitalization, necessitating, besides the improvement of primary care, an improvement in the living conditions of the elderly population.

Older adult care: permanent education practices of the Family Health Support Center

OBJECTIVE

To unveil the Permanent Education in Health practices developed by the Family Health Support Center in the care provided to older adults.

METHOD

A qualitative and exploratory-descriptive study developed in a municipality in the state of Paraná with professionals from the Family Health Support Center. Data were obtained by the Focus Group technique and submitted to the Descending Hierarchical Classification using IRaMuTeQ®software. The implemented theoretical-analytical references were the National Policy of Permanent Education in Healthcare and the Dialogical Theory.

RESULTS

Forty-six (46) professionals participated. Five classes emerged which revealed that the practices of permanent education in care provided to older adults occur during the moments of discussion of cases, in collaborative care planning ( matriciamento ), in the home visits, in the operative groups and in the daily life of the informal work.

CONCLUSION

The permanent education practices developed by the professionals in the care provided to older adults occur at different moments of professional performance and are permeated by the practice.

What the elderly think of the care provided by health services

Abstract Objective: To identify the social representations of the elderly on the care provided in health services. Method: An exploratory study with a qualitative approach was carried out, in which 238 elderly persons were interviewed about the care they received in Basic Health Units and in a center of specialized care. Their discourse was recorded and transcribed in its entirety, and processed using Iramuteq software. The results were discussed using Social Representation Theory. Results: The elderly associated good care with being treated with respect, attentiveness and politeness; and, at the same time, the requesting of diagnostic exams, referrals to medical specialists and the prescription of medicines. In their imaginary, the Basic Health Unit hinders their access to specialized care and doctors in this service do not know enough to meet the needs of people of different age groups and health problems, meaning that consulting with a specialist becomes more important. In practice, they encounter difficulties related to delays in being attended to and obtaining appointments with specialists, diagnostic exams and with the first come, first served appointment system, which is further limited by the number of places and treatment of specific groups on certain days. Conclusion: The practices in the care provided to the elderly in health services need to be reviewed to offer humanized and qualified care that can meet their needs. Health professionals and managers should consider the different characteristics of the elderly when approaching care.

Which factors are associated with sarcopenia and frailty in elderly persons residing in the community?

Abstract Objective: to broaden knowledge about the factors associated with sarcopenia and frailty in elderly persons residing in the community. Method: an integrative systematic review based on the PRISMA recommendations was carried out, using articles published from 2012 to March 2017 in the PubMED, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, CINAHL and Springer electronic databases with the following descriptors: frail elderly, sarcopenia and etiology and their synonyms. The articles identified by the initial search strategy were independently assessed by two researchers, according to the eligibility criteria, and the articles selected were evaluated for methodological quality. Results: the results of this survey show that frailty may be associated with sarcopenia, low serum vitamin D levels, anemia, subclinical hyperthyroidism in men, while the greatest evolution in women was for osteoporosis. An association between sarcopenia and advanced age was also observed, with worsening quality of life, physical-functional capacity, nutritional status and comorbidities, as well as an increased risk of death in sarcopenic elderly persons. Conclusion: this systematic review showed that low serum levels of vitamin D are associated with frailty and factors that predispose this condition. It is therefore important to monitor the serum levels of this vitamin in the elderly population, and it is suggested that new studies are carried out related to supplements of this vitamin in frail elderly persons.

Agente comunitário de saúde e o idoso: visita domiciliar e práticas de cuidado

Resumo O crescimento da população idosa no Brasil vem ocorrendo de forma acelerada, configurando um grande desafio para os serviços públicos de saúde. A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) indica uma mudança no modelo tradicional de atenção à saúde, pautado no viés do cuidado integral. Uma das principais atribuições do agente comunitário de saúde (ACS) é a visita domiciliar, por meio da qual pode estabelecer um vínculo com as famílias atendidas e conhecer suas necessidades. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o potencial da visita domiciliar como instrumento de prática de cuidado e fortalecimento de vínculo junto à população idosa em território de alta vulnerabilidade. Foram realizadas observações participantes sistematizadas em diários de campo, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com três agentes comunitários de saúde de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. A construção de sentidos do material sistematizado em tabelas foi organizada a partir do referencial da análise do discurso, que abrange os sentidos intersubjetivos em uma interlocução com o contexto social. Observou-se que a visita domiciliar envolveu dinâmicas de acolhimento e vínculo afetivo construídas cotidianamente, o que fortaleceu as práticas de atenção aos idosos no território, produzindo construções criativas e singulares de cuidado. O ACS ocupava um lugar afetivo-técnico importante na ESF, potencializando ações de promoção à saúde de idosos na comunidade, ainda contribuindo para o incremento de políticas públicas voltadas para essa população.

Identificando necessidades e possíveis soluções: com a palavra, pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é compreender a percepção de pessoas idosas sobre a atenção à saúde promovida por profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família e do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família para o enfrentamento de suas necessidades. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com aproximação metodológica qualitativa, fundamentado na perspectiva de usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde do município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Utilizou-se o grupo focal como recurso metodológico, e os dados foram analisados com base no método da Análise de Conteúdo, na modalidade temática. Os resultados foram classificados em três unidades temáticas: (I) Necessidade de boas condições de vida; (II) Necessidade de acesso aos serviços de saúde; e (III) Possibilidades de atendimento às necessidades elencadas. A realização desta pesquisa evidencia que as necessidades das pessoas idosas, no cenário estudado, demandam ações intersetoriais. Outrossim, aponta elementos para uma reflexão crítica sobre a importância da adoção de estratégias nas três esferas de gestão para melhorar os determinantes sociais e diminuir os agravos à saúde dessas pessoas.

Policies of attention to the elderly according to the voice of the municipal managers of health

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the understanding of municipal managers of health about public policies destined to the elderly population and the way they are effected in the city.

METHOD

Qualitative study, developed with 14 municipal managers of health. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed according the precepts of content analysis.

RESULTS

The results show the lack of knowledge of the municipal health managers, related to public policies of attention to the elderly. Also, the attention given to the elderly in the studied municipalities focuses on measures to control health problems.

CONCLUSION

The municipalities do not have specific health care policies for the elderly population. Thus, these results can support reflections about care for the elderly in health services, their relationship with legislation, and the applicability of public health policies.

Fatores associados às necessidades de tratamento odontológico em idosos brasileiros: uma análise multinível

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivos estimar a prevalência da necessidade de prótese e tratamento dental em idosos brasileiros, e verificar a associação entre essas necessidades e fatores contextuais e individuais. Realizou-se estudo com dados (n = 7.619) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal – SB Brasil 2010. Modelos de regressão logística multinível foram utilizados para estimar odds ratio e intervalos de 95% de confiança entre as necessidades de tratamento e as variáveis contextuais (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, Coeficiente de Gini e cobertura de saúde bucal na Estratégia de Saúde da Família) e individuais (sexo, renda, escolaridade e cor da pele). Para a necessidade de tratamento dental, ser homem, apresentar menor escolaridade, menor renda, cor da pele autorrelatada como não branca e residir em municípios com menor IDH -M foram fatores que aumentaram as chances de os indivíduos necessitarem de tratamento; para a necessidade de prótese, a cor da pele autorreferida como não branca, menor renda e menor escolaridade também aumentaram as chances dos idosos necessitarem de prótese. Os resultados indicaram associação entre as necessidades de tratamento e determinantes individuais e contextuais.

Assessment of the quality of primary care for the elderly according to the Chronic Care Model

OBJECTIVE

to evaluate the quality of care provided to older people with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension in the Primary Health Care (PHC) according to the Chronic Care Model (CCM) and identify associations with care outcomes.

METHOD

cross-sectional study involving 105 older people with diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. The Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of care. The total score was compared with care outcomes that included biochemical parameters, body mass index, pressure levels and quality of life. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS

there was a predominance of females and a median age of 72 years. The median PACIC score was 1.55 (IQ 1.30-2.20). Among the PACIC dimensions, the "delivery system design/decision support" was the one that presented the best result. There was no statistical difference between the medians of the overall PACIC score and individual care outcomes. However, when the quality of life and health satisfaction were simultaneously evaluated, a statistical difference between the medians was observed.

CONCLUSION

the low PACIC scores found indicate that chronic care according to the CCM in the PHC seems still to fall short of its assumptions.

Estratégias de educação alimentar e nutricional na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de literatura

RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou revisar de forma sistemática a produção científica sobre intervenções de educação alimentar e nutricional com indivíduos adultos no campo da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2016. Foram selecionados 11 artigos que responderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Observou-se uma descrição breve das bases teórico-metodológicas, limitando a reprodução das intervenções. As práticas educativas desenvolvidas possuem pouco enfoque na promoção da saúde e uma forte tendência metodológica clássica, sendo necessários estudos qualitativos, com a percepção da autonomia, e que ampliem o uso de metodologias ativas nos processos de intervenção.

O desafio da integralidade no cuidado ao idoso, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde

RESUMO Este ensaio objetiva discutir os desafios da integralidade no cuidado ao idoso, no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde, considerando o paradigma da funcionalidade, a atenção domiciliar e a formação profissional, como uma tentativa de fomentar esse debate no âmbito da saúde coletiva.

[Association between tooth root remains and self-reported oral health among the elderly]

The presence of tooth root remains is a common clinical finding among elderly patients and may reflect a need for treatment. The scope of this study sought to explore the association between the presence of tooth root remains and self-reported oral health among the elderly. Secondary data from two sanitary districts of Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, were analyzed. A conceptual theoretical model was used in the analysis to assess factors related to self-perceived oral health: gender, age, education, marital status, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, demand for oral health care, participation in community groups, family economic self-sufficiency, oral health service accessed, number of teeth and the presence of tooth root remains. The statistical data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson Regression tests (95% CI analysis; α 5%). The sample consisted of 849 elderly individuals with a mean age of 69.7 years (± 7.2); 14.5% of the elderly had tooth root remains and 60.7% reported good self-perceived oral health. According to the hierarchical analysis, the absence of tooth root remains was associated with good oral health perception. The qualification and expansion of health care provided should be considered in order to allow planning actions to ensure the maintenance of good oral health for the elderly.

Can more resilient elderly people be more satisfied with dental services?

AbstractIntroductionWith respect to dental health services, few studies have been developed to understand the satisfaction of this age group with these services.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between resilience and satisfaction with dental services among elderly people, using a model adjusted for confounding factors.Material and methodThe locus of the research was the Lomba-Parthenon district management, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. 771 elderly people living in their homes were identified through cluster sampling. The subjects responded to a socio-demographic and health behaviors questionnaire, the Resilience Scale and to questions regarding their satisfaction with dental care accessed. Furthermore, a brief oral examination was conducted to count the number of teeth and to identify the use of dental prostheses.ResultBased on a hierarchical approach conducted using Multivariate Logistic Regression and after fully adjusted analysis, the estimated odds ratios of the variables that were significantly associated with the outcome of this study, satisfaction with dental care, were: 1) obtaining a dental appointment, classified as regular: OR= 1.85, 95% CI (1.10 to 3.12); 2) obtaining a dental appointment, classified as bad: OR= 2.17, 95% CI (1.05 to 4.50); and, 3) high potential for resilience: OR= 0.60, 95% CI (0.37 to 0.97).ConclusionThe results confirm the hypothesis of an association between high potential for resilience and satisfaction with the Dental Services accessed by elderly people.