Percepção da imagem corporal e fatores associados em idosos residentes em município do nordeste brasileiro: um estudo populacional

Is body image perception and (dis)satisfaction associated with anthropometric profile of older women attending a senior community center?

The study aimed to assess the association between body image perception and (dis)satisfaction and the anthropometric profile of older women. Data from 60 women attending a senior community center were analyzed. Body image perception and (dis)satisfaction were considered dependent variables and were assessed using a silhouette scale constructed for the Brazilian population. The independent variables were body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and calf circumference (CC). The associations were performed by logistic and linear regression models. Half of the participants overestimated their body size and 61.7% were dissatisfied due to excess weight. Overweight older women had 3.6 times higher odds to overestimate body size and 14.4 higher odds to be dissatisfied due to excess weight compared to normal-weight women. The increase in BM, BMI, WC, and CC raised mean difference between perceived and desired BMI and the odds of dissatisfaction due to excess weight. The anthropometric profile was more important to explain (dis)satisfaction than body size perception. The stimulus to changes that provide the adequacy of the anthropometric profile may reduce dissatisfaction due to excess weight among older women.

Physical activity, sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults: A cross-sectional path analysis

Disability is negatively associated with the health of older adults, and it can be mediated by healthy lifestyles and behaviors throughout one's life. In this context, understanding the interrelationships between sedentary behavior, physical activity and functionality may assist in the implementation of effective public health actions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults and the possible mediators. The variables analyzed were selected according to the content analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, and included activity, participation, health conditions, body functions and structures, environmental factors and personal factors. 419 individuals participated in the study. Physical activity was directly associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the association was mediated by self-esteem, aerobic endurance, and agility/balance. Sedentary behavior was indirectly associated with IADL disability, and the association was mediated by aerobic resistance, nutritional status, and agility/balance. Regarding the basic activities of daily living (BADL), physical activity showed an indirect association mediated by aerobic resistance and IADL. The association of sedentary behavior with BADL was mediated by aerobic resistance and lower limb flexibility. These results reinforce the idea that functionality is multidimensional, and the mediating factors must be considered when strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are designed.

Factors Associated with Body Size Perception and Body Image (Dis)Satisfaction in the Elderly: Results of the ELSA-Brasil Study

The study aimed to assess the association between body image perception and (dis)satisfaction and sociodemographic and behavioral factors in the elderly, using multinomial logistic regression. Data were analyzed for 1686 women and 1499 men participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Men with less schooling and women with lower per capita income showed higher odds of underestimating their body size. Former smokers of both sexes showed higher odds of overestimating their body size; lower schooling and lower per capita income decreased these odds. Increasing age, lower per capita income, and smoking increased the odds of dissatisfaction due to thinness in men, and married marital status decreased these odds. In women, low per capita income, weekly consumption of vegetables, and smoking increased the odds of such dissatisfaction. Factors that increased the odds of dissatisfaction due to excess weight in both sexes were primary or secondary schooling and former smoking. In women, low per capita income, weak physical activity, weekly consumption of vegetables, and excessive alcohol intake also increased the odds of such dissatisfaction. The results suggest that improved living conditions and the adoption of healthy behaviors can help reduce misperceived negative body image among elderly.

Body image in COPD and its relation with physical activity levels, lung function and body composition: An observational study

INTRODUCTION

Body image has been previously defined as the mental figure we have of the contours and shape of our body; and the feelings concerning these characteristics. A change in body perception can influence one's feelings of self-worth and compromise functional abilities. Thus, the detection of distortions in body image could be important data for clinical evaluation of subjects with COPD.

OBJECTIVES

To assess the body image perception of subjects with COPD. Also, to investigate the association between body image and levels of physical activity in these subjects.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

109 subjects were recruited and divided into the COPD group and control subjects without any pulmonary conditions. For this cross-sectional study, we performed an initial evaluation and participants were evaluated regarding physical activity level, body image (silhouette scale) and determination of body mass index (BMI). Finally, we performed the evaluation of lung function (spirometry) and body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance).

RESULTS

BothCOPD and control subjects presented alterations in body image. Both groups desired significantly lower BMI and weight measures, according to the silhouette scale, demonstrating body dissatisfaction (P < .05). No differences in the level body dissatisfaction were found between Control and COPD groups (P > .05). No associations between physical activity levels and body image were observed (P > .05; r = -0.24 to 0.14).

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, patients with COPD present significant body dissatisfaction, similar to control individuals. Furthermore, body image perception in COPD is related to body composition measurements but not to physical activity levels.

Body image, nutritional status and quality of life in long-lived older adults

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the body image and nutritional status (NS) of older adults aged 80 and over and its relation with quality of life (QoL). Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study, with no intervention, using non-probabilistic sampling, was conducted from October 2016 to September 2017 with 103 older individuals aged ≥80 years old from the state of São Paulo. NS was evaluated according to OPAS/SABE; body image was evaluated by the Kakeshita fifteen silhouette scale, and the WHOQoL-bref and WHOQoL-old were used to measure QoL. The Chi-square test was used to verify the association between the studied variables and sex. To compare QoL with nutritional status and body image, the ANOVA Factor test was used. The level of significance was 5% (p<0.05). Results: The majority of the interviewees were female (69.2%) and the average age was 82.75 (±2.98). When comparing the perception of QoL with NS, there was a significant difference (p=0.027) in the self-evaluation of QoL of obese older adults only. The QoL related to body image of both sexes presented a significant difference (p=0.020) in the environmental domain of the WHOQoL-bref in the evaluation of body satisfaction. Conclusion: The body image distortion identified by these older adults did not interfere with their perception of QoL. However, when NS was considered, overweight older adults had a higher perception of QoL.

Body image satisfaction, nutritional status, anthropometric indicators and quality of life among the elderly

Abstract Objective: to determine the prevalence of body image satisfaction in elderly subjects, as well as its relationship with nutritional status, anthropometric indicators and quality of life. Method: a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out with elderly individuals from Primary Care units (Family Health Strategy) from all the health districts of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The variables studied were: sociodemographic (gender; age; marital status and schooling), anthropometric (weight; height; body mass index; arm, calf, waist and hip circumference; waist-hip ratio and triceps skinfold), nutritional (Mini Nutritional Assessment), and clinical (quality of life; body image satisfaction). The Stunkard Silhouettes Scale, the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Flanagan quality of life scale were applied. For data analysis, logistic regression (five steps) was performed with the Conditional Backward method. Results: a total of 532 elderly users (68.96 (7.14) years) were evaluated, mostly women (64.8%) who were dissatisfied with their body image (71.7%). The predictors of body image satisfaction were: eutrophic/underweight body mass index, eutrophy/insufficient arm circumference, and higher mean quality of life scores. Conclusion: in general, a low prevalence of body image satisfaction was identified among the elderly. Subjects with lower body mass index, smaller arm circumference measures and better quality of life had a greater chance of being satisfied with their body image.

Body image satisfaction, sociodemographic, functional and clinical aspects of community-dwelling older adults

Body image, according to the definition by Ledoux et al.(1) is “the systematic, cognitive, affective, conscious, and unconscious representation that people have concerning their bodies during their biological development and throughout their social relationships”.

Fatores que interferem na sexualidade de idosos: uma revisão integrativa

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as evidências científicas que abordam os fatores que interferem na sexualidade de idosos. A busca ocorreu em pares, de forma on-line, sendo incluídos artigos originais que estivessem na língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola e respondessem ao objetivo do estudo e com publicação no período de 2006 a outubro de 2011. Teve por Base de dados: Medline, Lilacs, CIDSAÚDE e BDENF, sendo utilizados como descritores: sexualidade e idoso/ sexuality and aged/ sexualidad y anciano. Os artigos selecionados foram avaliados quanto à qualidade metodológica por meio de dois instrumentos: CASP e a Classificação Hierárquica das evidências. Após análise, 15 artigos foram incluídos na revisão, os quais discutem a cultura da assexualidade do idoso, prevalecendo a vivência da sexualidade apenas aos mais jovens. A ausência do parceiro devido à viuvez, valorização do padrão da beleza jovem, ocorrência de doenças, uso de medicamentos e mudanças na fisiologia sexual foram identificadas como fatores importantes que influenciam na sexualidade dos mais velhos. Conclui-se que fatores sociais, culturais, mudanças na fisiologia corporal e a ocorrência de doenças interferem na sexualidade dos idosos, fazendo-se necessária atuação do profissional de enfermagem na desmistificação de mitos e para promover orientações.