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Vargas PM, Schneider BC, Costa CS, César JA, Bertoldi AD, Tomasi E, Demarco FF, Gonzalez MC, Bielemann RM. Age is the most important factor for change in body mass index and waist circumference in older people in southern Brazil. Nutrition 2022; 109:111956. [PMID: 36863112 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to assess the changes in body mass index and waist circumference (WC) and their associations with sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics in non-institutionalized older people in southern Brazil over a period of ≤6 y. METHODS This is a prospective study, with interviews conducted in 2014 and in 2019 to 2020. Of the 1451 individuals from Pelotas, Brazil, aged >60 y and interviewed in 2014, 537 were reevaluated in 2019 to 2020. An increase or decrease was defined as a variation of ≥5% in body mass index and WC in the second visit compared with the first. The association with changes in outcomes was assessed according to sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Approximately 29% of the older participants lost body mass. Regarding WC, there was an increase in 25.6% in the older participants. The older participants ages ≥80 y had greater odds of losing body mass (odds ratio [OR] = 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29-9.76) and of reducing WC (OR = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.59-6.94). Former smokers had, on average, 41% and 64% lower odds of losing and gaining body mass (95% CI, 0.37-0.95 and 95% CI, 0.19-0.68, respectively), and those who were on ≥5 medications had greater odds of gaining body mass (OR = 1.92; 95% CI, 1.12-3.28) and WC (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.74). CONCLUSIONS Despite the high proportion of older people who kept their body mass index and WC stable during this period, many of them lost body mass and gained WC. The findings also highlighted the importance of age in the nutritional changes observed in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila M Vargas
- Nutrititon and Food Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Bruna C Schneider
- Epidemiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Caroline S Costa
- Epidemiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juraci Almeida César
- Public Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Rio Grande, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Andréa D Bertoldi
- Epidemiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Elaine Tomasi
- Epidemiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Flávio F Demarco
- Epidemiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Dentistry Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- Epidemiology Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil; Health and Behavior Graduate Program, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Renata M Bielemann
- Nutrititon and Food Graduate Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Moura LDANE, Pagotto V, Camargo Pereira C, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Does Abdominal Obesity Increase All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Risks in Older Adults? A 10-Year Follow-Up Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204315. [PMID: 36296999 PMCID: PMC9607321 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is insufficient evidence on the impact of abdominal obesity (AO) on mortality in older adults. Therefore, the objective to analyze the 10-year impact of AO, assessed using different diagnostic criteria, on all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in older adults. In this prospective cohort study of older adults (≥60 years), sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical history, laboratory test, and anthropometric data were analyzed. The considered were used for AO diagnostic: waist circumference (WC) of ≥88 cm for women and ≥102 cm for men; WC of ≥77.8 cm for women and ≥98.8 cm for men; and increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), being the highest tertile of distribution by sex. Multivariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed. A total of 418 individuals, with an average age of 70.69 ± 7.13 years, participated in the study. In the analysis adjusted for sex and age, WHR was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality (p = 0.044). Both cutoff points used for the WC were associated with an increased CVD mortality risk. None of the AO parameters were associated with cancer mortality. An increased WHR was associated to a higher all-cause mortality risk factor, while an increased WC was a risk factor for a higher CVD mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e Moura
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.A.N.e.M.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Valéria Pagotto
- Graduate Program in Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-080, GO, Brazil
| | - Cristina Camargo Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Medicine Faculty, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Correspondence: (L.d.A.N.e.M.); (E.A.S.)
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Rodrigues LC, Canella DS, Claro RM. Time trend of overweight and obesity prevalence among older people in Brazilian State Capitals and the Federal District from 2006 to 2019. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:555-565. [PMID: 36052185 PMCID: PMC9424393 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the share of older people has been growing in Brazil in past decades, studies investigating trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in this population remain scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze the time trend of overweight and obesity prevalence in older adults in Brazilian State Capitals and the Federal District from 2006 to 2019. This is a time trend study based on data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey. The subsample used was composed of individuals aged 60 years or older (n = 202,049). Self-reported weight and height data were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) prevalence were estimated per year for the total population and according to sex, age, schooling, region, and NCD presence. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to identify significant trends in overweight and obesity prevalence over the years. Overweight prevalence increased (p < 0.05) from 53.7 to 61.4% (1.09% per year) within the assessed period, whereas obesity prevalence increased from 16.1 to 22.3% (2.28% per year). Greater increases were observed among men, those aged 70 years old and over, with more than 9-year of schooling, and from less developed regions. The highest increases were observed in groups with the lowest values at the beginning of the study period. Results evidenced the high and growing prevalence of overweight and obesity among older people in Brazilian.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Rodrigues
- Curso de pós-graduação em Nutrição e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
| | - D. S. Canella
- Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brasil
| | - R. M. Claro
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brasil
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Queiroz PDSF, Miranda LDP, Oliveira PSD, Rodrigues Neto JF, Sampaio CA, Oliveira TL, Silva MLO. Abdominal obesity and associated factors in quilombola communities in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020833. [PMID: 34431957 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-49742021000300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated factors in quilombola communities in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 through structured interviews and waist circumference measurement; Poisson regression was used, separated by gender, to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) of abdominal obesity adjusted by independent variables and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS 56.6% (95% CI 50.9;62.0) of the observed quilombolas presented abdominal obesity; in the adjusted analysis, among men, there was an association of the outcome with age ≥60 years old (60-69 years old: PR=2.52 - CI95% 1.33; 4.75), not being a smoker (PR=1.73 - 95%CI 1.17;2.55) and reported arterial hypertension (PR=1.42 - 95%CI 1.11;1.80), while in women, it was associated with age ≥50 years old (50-59 years old: PR=1.25 - 95% CI 1.01;1.54), smoking cessation (PR=1.26 - 95% CI 1.00; 1.58), consumption of chicken with skin (PR=1.09 - 95% CI 1.00;1.19) and hypertension (PR=1.22 - 95% CI 1.11;1.36). CONCLUSION There was high prevalence of abdominal obesity among quilombolas. It was higher in the elderly, smokers, former smokers and those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo de Paula Miranda
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | | | - João Felício Rodrigues Neto
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Cristina Andrade Sampaio
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Thatiane Lopes Oliveira
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Ensino Médio e Técnico, Januária, MG, Brasil
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Scalco NR, Muniz FWMG, Rosalen NP, Sachett DG, Silva NRJD, Colussi PRG. Obesity is associated with lack of access to dental care and physical activity among older adults: a cross-sectional study. GERIATRICS, GERONTOLOGY AND AGING 2021. [DOI: 10.5327/z2447-212320212000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among older adults. METHODS: This was a household-based cross-sectional study involving 282 individuals aged ≥ 60 years recruited in the city of Veranópolis, Brazil, using random probabilistic sampling. Participants underwent a clinical oral examination and completed a structured questionnaire. Obesity was determined based on body mass index (BMI). Individuals were divided into two groups based on the presence (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) or absence of obesity (BMI < 30 kg/m2). Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 34% (n = 96). Each 1-year increase in age resulted in a 3.09% decrease in the likelihood of being classified as having obesity (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.969; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.949 – 0.989). Older adults that reported walking < 5 or ≥ 5 times per week were 39.65 and 37.20% less likely to be classified as obese. The PRs of obesity in former and non-smokers were 4.40 and 5 times higher, respectively, than in current smokers (p < 0.05). Older adults with no access to dental care were 51.72% (p = 0.013) more likely to present with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of obesity among older adults. Obesity was associated with lower age, smoking status, no access to dental care, and a lack of physical activity.
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Cardoso AS, Xavier MO, Dos Santos Costa C, Tomasi E, Cesar JA, Gonzalez MC, Domingues MR, Barbosa-Silva TG, Bielemann RM. Body mass index and mortality among community-dwelling elderly of Southern Brazil. Prev Med 2020; 139:106173. [PMID: 32592797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to measure the association between body mass index (BMI), comparing two different classifications, and mortality among community-dwelling elderly considering myopenia in Pelotas, Brazil. This is a longitudinal study started in 2014, we followed 1451 elderly people (≥ 60 years) enrolled in the "COMO VAI?" study. BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the classification with specific cutoff points for older adults. Myopenia was measured by calf circumference (≤33 cm for women and ≤34 cm for men). Cox proportional-hazards models were used to test associations controlling for sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and number of morbidities. Nearly 10% (N = 145) of the elderly died during almost three years of follow-up. We observed a L-shaped relation between BMI and mortality. Elderly with underweight had a higher mortality risk compared to those with adequate BMI in both classifications. According to the WHO classification, overweight elderly presented protection for mortality (HR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.38-0.87) when compared to those with adequate BMI. Among elderly with myopenia, overweight by WHO continued to protect against mortality, although not significantly, while those with the specific classification underweight presented a higher risk of death compared to those with normal weight (HR: 2.09; 95% CI 1.06-4.14). In conclusion the underweight increased the risk of death in community-dwelling elderly people during a follow-up of three years. The specific classification seemed to be more adequate to indicate risk of mortality in this population. Higher BMI protect against mortality when muscle mass was not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elaine Tomasi
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juraci Almeida Cesar
- Post-Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Moraes Bielemann
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
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Gomes AP, Bierhals IO, Vieira LS, Soares ALG, Flores TR, Assunção MCF, Gonçalves H. [Dietary patterns of elderly Brazilians and associated determinants: a population-based study in the south of Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:1999-2008. [PMID: 32520248 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.20932018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study sought to assess the effect of demographic and socioeconomic factors, chronic diseases, and health counseling on dietary patterns of the elderly. Food consumption was assessed by means of a reduced eating frequency questionnaire distributed to 1,426 elderly residents in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and dietary patterns were obtained using main component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: healthy diet (wholegrain food, fruits, vegetables, and milk) and Western diet (sweet snacks, fried foods, frozen foods, processed meats, and fast food). Females, non-smokers, and alcohol-free individuals tended more toward the healthy diet, whereas males, smokers, alcohol-dependent, and overweight individuals tended more toward the Western diet. Higher income and schooling were associated with a higher tendency toward both diets, and chronic diseases were not associated with either diet. Receiving counseling for adopting healthy habits was associated with a higher tendency toward a healthy diet and a lower tendency toward the Western diet. There is a need to increase effective guidance on healthy habits by health services to promote healthier eating practices, with special attention to elderly males, smokers, alcohol-dependent and overweight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Isabel Oliveira Bierhals
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Luna Strieder Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Ana Luiza Gonçalves Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Thaynã Ramos Flores
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Marechal Deodoro 1160/3°, Centro. 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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Costa ACDO, Duarte YADO, Andrade FBD. Metabolic syndrome: physical inactivity and socioeconomic inequalities among non-institutionalized Brazilian elderly. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200046. [PMID: 32491048 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), physical activity and socioeconomic conditions among non-institutionalized elderly individuals. METHODOLOGY Cross-sectional study with, elderly individuals (≥ 60) living in the city of São Paulo. MetS was evaluated by means of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria, the Adult Treatment Panel III. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed, followed by multiple logistic regression with a 5% significance level. An attributable fraction (AF) and a proportional attributable fraction (PAF) were calculated in relation to physical activity. The magnitude of the socioeconomic inequalities was evaluated using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 40.1%, and 23.3% of the individuals had at least one MetS' component. Physically inactive elderly had higher chances of having MetS. The prevalence of MetS was higher among those with lower education levels in both absolute and relative terms. AF and PAF were significant among the inactive individuals and for the total population. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that physical activity and schooling are significantly associated with MetS, highlighting the importance of these factors for the control of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa René Rachou, Núcleo de Estudos em Saúde Pública e Envelhecimento, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Guimarães MSA, Santos KDP, Castro JDS, Juvanhol LL, Rezende FAC, Ribeiro AQ. General and Central Adiposity in Older Adults in Palmas (TO): Prevalence and Associated Factors. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 39:739-746. [PMID: 32125260 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1734989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with general and central adiposity in older adults in Palmas (TO).Methods: Cross-sectional study with older adults (≥60 years) of both sexes enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program in Palmas (TO). Sociodemographic aspects, health conditions, and functionality were evaluated as independent variables and Body Mass Index (BMI) for general adiposity and Waist Circumference (WC) for central adiposity as dependent variables. Descriptive analysis and hierarchical multiple Poisson regression with robust variance were performed.Results: A total of 449 seniors (50.6% women) from 60 to 92 years of age, average of 68.3 years, were evaluated. The prevalence of general adiposity was 46.8% (95% CI: 42.2%-51.4%) and central adiposity was 78.8% (95% CI: 74.7%-82.3%). The prevalence of both outcomes was significantly higher among women and the participants with a history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and rheumatic diseases and those dependent in activities of daily living (ADL) than among men. Lower frequency of adiposity (general and central) was found with increasing age. After adjustment, the prevalence of both outcomes was significantly higher in women aged 70-79 years and hypertensive.Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the need to establish nutritional status monitoring and direct obesity prevention and control interventions in programs to promote health and quality of life of older adults and those in the stages prior to old age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kíllya de Paiva Santos
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Joice da Silva Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leidjaira Lopes Juvanhol
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Queiroz Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Martins-Silva T, Vaz JDS, Mola CLD, Assunção MCF, Tovo-Rodrigues L. Prevalence of obesity in rural and urban areas in Brazil: National Health Survey, 2013. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2019; 22:e190049. [PMID: 31460664 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720190049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the domiciliary situation in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity through the National Health Survey of 2013. METHODOLOGY General obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in women) in rural and urban areas were described according to sex and macroregion. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models were used to test the association between obesity and household situation, with the significance level of 5%. RESULTS The study included 59,226 individuals. Out of these, 20.7% presented general obesity and 38% abdominal obesity (higher in women: 24.3 and 52%, respectively). The highest prevalences of general obesity were observed in southern urban areas, for both sexes (20.8% in men and 26.5% in women). In rural areas, the highest prevalences were observed for the central-west region (17.2%) in men and in the south region (27.4%) in women. In males, after adjusting for demographic variables, living in rural areas was associated with lower prevalences of general obesity in the North (prevalence ratios - PR = 0.60; confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 0.40 - 0.89) and Northeast (PR = 0.47, 95%CI 0,38 - 0.59), and for abdominal obesity in all regions. For women in the Midwest, the rural household situation was associated with lower prevalences of obesity. (PR = 1.11, 95%CI 1.01 - 1.23). CONCLUSIONS The results evidenced the role of the domiciliary situation among outcomes at the national level, with lower prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in men living in rural areas. However, higher prevalences were found among women, especially for abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Martins-Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil
| | - Juliana Dos Santos Vaz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil.,Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil
| | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil.,Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil
| | - Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - Pelotas (RS), Brasil
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