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Maroniche GA, Puente ML, García JE, Mongiardini E, Coniglio A, Nievas S, Labarthe MM, Wisniewski-Dyé F, Rodriguez Cáceres E, Díaz-Zorita M, Cassán F. Phenogenetic profile and agronomic contribution of Azospirillum argentinense Az39 T, a reference strain for the South American inoculant industry. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127650. [PMID: 38452553 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Azospirillum sp. is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria largely recognized for its potential to increase the yield of different important crops. In this work, we present a thorough genomic and phenotypic analysis of A. argentinense Az39T to provide new insights into the beneficial mechanisms of this microorganism. Phenotypic analyses revealed the following in vitro abilities: growth at 20-38 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.8), and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl; production of variable amounts of PHB as intracellular granules; nitrogen fixation under microaerophilic conditions; IAA synthesis in the presence of L-tryptophan. Through biochemical (API 20NE) and carbon utilization profiling (Biolog) assays, we proved that A. argentinense Az39T is able to use 15 substrates and metabolize 19 different carbon substrates. Lipid composition indicated a predominance of medium and long-chain saturated fatty acids. A total of 6 replicons classified as one main chromosome, three chromids, and two plasmids, according to their tRNA and core essential genes contents, were identified. Az39T genome includes genes associated with multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits such as nitrogen fixation and production of auxins, cytokinin, abscisic acid, ethylene, and polyamines. In addition, Az39T genome harbor genetic elements associated with physiological features that facilitate its survival in the soil and competence for rhizospheric colonization; this includes motility, secretion system, and quorum sensing genetic determinants. A metadata analysis of Az39T agronomic performance in the pampas region, Argentina, demonstrated significant grain yield increases in wheat and maize, proving its potential to provide better growth conditions for dryland cereals. In conclusion, our data provide a detailed insight into the metabolic profile of A. argentinense Az39T, the strain most widely used to formulate non-legume inoculants in Argentina, and allow a better understanding of the mechanisms behind its field performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Maroniche
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Puente
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J E García
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Mongiardini
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Nievas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M M Labarthe
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Wisniewski-Dyé
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557, UMR INRAE 1418, VetAgro Sup, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | | | - M Díaz-Zorita
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa (UNLPam), CONICET, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - F Cassán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Liang J, Faucher SP. Interactions between chaperone and energy storage networks during the evolution of Legionella pneumophila under heat shock. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17197. [PMID: 38708341 PMCID: PMC11067923 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterborne transmission of the bacterium Legionella pneumophila has emerged as a major cause of severe nosocomial infections of major public health impact. The major route of transmission involves the uptake of aerosolized bacteria, often from the contaminated hot water systems of large buildings. Public health regulations aimed at controlling the mesophilic pathogen are generally concerned with acute pasteurization and maintaining high temperatures at the heating systems and throughout the plumbing of hot water systems, but L. pneumophila is often able to survive these treatments due to both bacterium-intrinsic and environmental factors. Previous work has established an experimental evolution system to model the observations of increased heat resistance in repeatedly but unsuccessfully pasteurized L. pneumophila populations. Here, we show rapid fixation of novel alleles in lineages selected for resistance to heat shock and shifts in mutational profile related to increases in the temperature of selection. Gene-level and nucleotide-level parallelisms between independently-evolving lineages show the centrality of the DnaJ/DnaK chaperone system in the heat resistance of L. pneumophila. Inference of epistatic interactions through reverse genetics shows an unexpected interaction between DnaJ/DnaK and the polyhydroxybutyrate-accumulation energy storage mechanism used by the species to survive long-term starvation in low-nutrient environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Liang
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sebastien P. Faucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Butler OM, Manzoni S, Warren CR. Community composition and physiological plasticity control microbial carbon storage across natural and experimental soil fertility gradients. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2259-2269. [PMID: 37853184 PMCID: PMC10689824 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Many microorganisms synthesise carbon (C)-rich compounds under resource deprivation. Such compounds likely serve as intracellular C-storage pools that sustain the activities of microorganisms growing on stoichiometrically imbalanced substrates, making them potentially vital to the function of ecosystems on infertile soils. We examined the dynamics and drivers of three putative C-storage compounds (neutral lipid fatty acids [NLFAs], polyhydroxybutyrate [PHB], and trehalose) across a natural gradient of soil fertility in eastern Australia. Together, NLFAs, PHB, and trehalose corresponded to 8.5-40% of microbial C and 0.06-0.6% of soil organic C. When scaled to "structural" microbial biomass (indexed by polar lipid fatty acids; PLFAs), NLFA and PHB allocation was 2-3-times greater in infertile soils derived from ironstone and sandstone than in comparatively fertile basalt- and shale-derived soils. PHB allocation was positively correlated with belowground biological phosphorus (P)-demand, while NLFA allocation was positively correlated with fungal PLFA : bacterial PLFA ratios. A complementary incubation revealed positive responses of respiration, storage, and fungal PLFAs to glucose, while bacterial PLFAs responded positively to PO43-. By comparing these results to a model of microbial C-allocation, we reason that NLFA primarily served the "reserve" storage mode for C-limited taxa (i.e., fungi), while the variable portion of PHB likely served as "surplus" C-storage for P-limited bacteria. Thus, our findings reveal a convergence of community-level processes (i.e., changes in taxonomic composition that underpin reserve-mode storage dynamics) and intracellular mechanisms (e.g., physiological plasticity of surplus-mode storage) that drives strong, predictable community-level microbial C-storage dynamics across gradients of soil fertility and substrate stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orpheus M Butler
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stefano Manzoni
- Stockholm University and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles R Warren
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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4
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Nguyen LT, Mai DHA, Sarwar A, Lee EY. Reconstructing ethanol oxidation pathway in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for bio-upgrading of ethanol to biodegradable polyhydroxybutanoates. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:902-914. [PMID: 36174870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol has recently been demonstrated as a suitable carbon source for acetyl-CoA-derived products with high theoretical yield. Herein, the short-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates production pathway was constructed in an industrial platform P. putida KT2440, allowing the engineered strain to produce 674.97 ± 22.3 mg/L of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from ethanol as sole carbon source. Furthermore, the ethanol catabolic pathway was reconstructed to enhance the acetyl-coA pool by expressing the novel Aldehyde dehydrogenases from Klebsiella pneumonia and Dickeya zeae, resulting in a titer of 1385.34 ± 16.5 mg/L and 9300 ± 0.56 mg/L of PHB in shake flask and fermenter, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was conducted to provide insights into the central metabolic pathways and different expression patterns in response to changes in substrate. Additionally, the production of co-polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) was shown using glycerol and ethanol as co-substrates from recombinant P. putida KT2440. This work demonstrates the potential of P. putida KT2440 as a promising industrial platform for short-chain-length PHAs production from structurally unrelated carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dung Hoang Anh Mai
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Arslan Sarwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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dos Santos Ferreira N, Coniglio A, Puente M, Sant’Anna FH, Maroniche G, García J, Molina R, Nievas S, Volpiano CG, Ambrosini A, Passaglia LMP, Pedraza RO, Reis VM, Zilli JÉ, Cassan F. Genome-based reclassification of Azospirillum brasilense Az39 as the type strain of Azospirillum argentinense sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain Az39T of
Azospirillum
is a diazotrophic plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated in 1982 from the roots of wheat plants growing in Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina. It produces indole-3-acetic acid in the presence of l-tryptophan as a precursor, grows at 20–38 °C (optimal 38 °C), and the cells are curved or spiral-shaped, with diameters ranging from 0.5–0.9 to 1.8–2.2 µm. They contain C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1
ω7c/ω6c as the main fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence confirmed that this strain belongs to the genus
Azospirillum
, showing a close relationship with
Azospirillum baldaniorum
Sp245T,
Azospirillum brasilense
Sp7T and
Azospirillum formosense
CC-Nfb-7T. Housekeeping gene analysis revealed that Az39T, together with five strains of the genus (Az19, REC3, BR 11975, MTCC4035 and MTCC4036), form a cluster apart from
A. baldaniorum
Sp245T,
A. brasilense
Sp7T and
A. formosense
CC-Nfb-7T. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) between Az39T and the aforementioned type strains revealed values below 96 %, the circumscription limit for the species delineation (ANI: 95.3, 94.1 and 94.0 %; dDDH: 62.9, 56.3 and 55.6 %). Furthermore, a phylogeny evaluation of the core proteome, including 809 common shared proteins, showed an independent grouping of Az39T, Az19, REC3, BR 11975, MTCC4035 and MTCC4036. The G+C content in the genomic DNA of these six strains varied from 68.3 to 68.5 %. Based on the combined phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic characterization presented here, we consider that strain Az39T, along with strains Az19, REC3, BR 11975, MTCC4035 and MTCC4036, are members of a new
Azospirillum
species, for which the name Azospirillum argentinense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Az39T (=LBPCV39T=BR 148428T=CCCT 22.01T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália dos Santos Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia-Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anahí Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET) FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana Puente
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Guillermo Maroniche
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, km 73.5, km 73.5, 20 B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julia García
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Nicolás Repetto y de los Reseros, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Molina
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET) FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sofia Nievas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET) FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Camila Gazolla Volpiano
- Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, 9500, Bento Gonçalves Ave, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ambrosini
- Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, 9500, Bento Gonçalves Ave, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciane M. P. Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Biociências, 9500, Bento Gonçalves Ave, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Raul O. Pedraza
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1900. (4000) 24 San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Jerri Édson Zilli
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 Km 7, 23891-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Cassan
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y de la Interacción Planta-Microorganismo, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiotecnológicas (INIAB-CONICET) FCEFQyN, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Ruta 36, Km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Cao JS, Xu RZ, Luo JY, Feng Q, Fang F. Rapid quantification of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates via fluorescence techniques: A critical review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 350:126906. [PMID: 35227918 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are promising bioplastics with excellent physicochemical properties and biodegradability, whereas PHA products suffer from high manufacturing costs. To reduce costs of PHA production, experiments with mixed microbial cultures and low-cost substrates have been conducted widely, where rapid and robust PHA quantification methods are necessary. Compared with traditional gas chromatography methods, PHA fluorescence quantification (PHA-FQ) methods may be quicker, safer and more suitable for modern experiments with high throughput requirements. However, practical applications of PHA-FQ methods are still limited. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of PHA-FQ methods. Performance of PHA-staining fluorochromes, relevant spectral properties, and important staining procedures are summarized. Current developments of PHA-FQ protocols are critically reviewed. Main considerations needed to make PHA-FQ protocol reliable are comprehensively discussed. Finally, potential improvements in various aspects of PHA-FQ methods are highlighted. This review could help researchers develop more effective PHA-FQ methods and facilitate future experiments related to PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Run-Ze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jing-Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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7
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Argiz L, Correa-Galeote D, Val Del Río Á, Mosquera-Corral A, González-Cabaleiro R. Valorization of lipid-rich wastewaters: A theoretical analysis to tackle the competition between polyhydroxyalkanoate and triacylglyceride-storing populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150761. [PMID: 34624285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lipid fraction of the effluents generated in several food-processing activities can be transformed into polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and triacylglycerides (TAGs), through open culture biotechnologies. Although competition between storing and non-storing populations in mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) has been widely studied, the right selective environment allowing for the robust enrichment of a community when different types of accumulators coexist is still not clear. In this research, comprehensive metabolic analyses of PHA and TAG synthesis and degradation, and concomitant respiration of external carbon, were used to understand and explain the changes observed in a laboratory-scale bioreactor fed with the lipid-rich fraction (mainly oleic acid) of a wastewater stream produced in the fish-canning industry. It was concluded that the mode of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen supply determines the enrichment of the culture in specific populations, and hence the type of intracellular compounds preferentially accumulated. Coupled carbon and nitrogen feeding regime mainly selects for TAG producers whereas uncoupled feeding leads to PHA or TAG production function of the rate of carbon supply under specific aeration rates and feast and famine phases lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Argiz
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - David Correa-Galeote
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángeles Val Del Río
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Rebeca González-Cabaleiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
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8
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Grillo-Puertas M, Villegas JM, Pankievicz VCS, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Teles Mota FJ, Hebert EM, Brusamarello-Santos L, Pedraza RO, Pedrosa FO, Rapisarda VA, Souza EM. Transcriptional Responses of Herbaspirillum seropedicae to Environmental Phosphate Concentration. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:666277. [PMID: 34177845 PMCID: PMC8222739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.666277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium associated with important cereal crops, which promotes plant growth, increasing their productivity. The understanding of the physiological responses of this bacterium to different concentrations of prevailing nutrients as phosphate (Pi) is scarce. In some bacteria, culture media Pi concentration modulates the levels of intracellular polyphosphate (polyP), modifying their cellular fitness. Here, global changes of H. seropedicae SmR1 were evaluated in response to environmental Pi concentrations, based on differential intracellular polyP levels. Cells grown in high-Pi medium (50 mM) maintained high polyP levels in stationary phase, while those grown in sufficient Pi medium (5 mM) degraded it. Through a RNA-seq approach, comparison of transcriptional profiles of H. seropedicae cultures revealed that 670 genes were differentially expressed between both Pi growth conditions, with 57% repressed and 43% induced in the high Pi condition. Molecular and physiological analyses revealed that aspects related to Pi metabolism, biosynthesis of flagella and chemotaxis, energy production, and polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism were induced in the high-Pi condition, while those involved in adhesion and stress response were repressed. The present study demonstrated that variations in environmental Pi concentration affect H. seropedicae traits related to survival and other important physiological characteristics. Since environmental conditions can influence the effectiveness of the plant growth-promoting bacteria, enhancement of bacterial robustness to withstand different stressful situations is an interesting challenge. The obtained data could serve not only to understand the bacterial behavior in respect to changes in rhizospheric Pi gradients but also as a base to design strategies to improve different bacterial features focusing on biotechnological and/or agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Grillo-Puertas
- Instituto de Química Biológica, “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Josefina M. Villegas
- Instituto de Química Biológica, “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Vânia C. S. Pankievicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Michelle Z. Tadra-Sfeir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. Teles Mota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elvira M. Hebert
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Raul O. Pedraza
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Fabio O. Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Viviana A. Rapisarda
- Instituto de Química Biológica, “Dr. Bernabé Bloj”, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emanuel M. Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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9
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Ganusova EE, Vo LT, Mukherjee T, Alexandre G. Multiple CheY Proteins Control Surface-Associated Lifestyles of Azospirillum brasilense. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664826. [PMID: 33968002 PMCID: PMC8100600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is the directed movement of motile bacteria in gradients of chemoeffectors. This behavior is mediated by dedicated signal transduction pathways that couple environment sensing with changes in the direction of rotation of flagellar motors to ultimately affect the motility pattern. Azospirillum brasilense uses two distinct chemotaxis pathways, named Che1 and Che4, and four different response regulators (CheY1, CheY4, CheY6, and CheY7) to control the swimming pattern during chemotaxis. Each of the CheY homologs was shown to differentially affect the rotational bias of the polar flagellum and chemotaxis. The role, if any, of these CheY homologs in swarming, which depends on a distinct lateral flagella system or in attachment is not known. Here, we characterize CheY homologs’ roles in swimming, swarming, and attachment to abiotic and biotic (wheat roots) surfaces and biofilm formation. We show that while strains lacking CheY1 and CheY6 are still able to navigate air gradients, strains lacking CheY4 and CheY7 are chemotaxis null. Expansion of swarming colonies in the presence of gradients requires chemotaxis. The induction of swarming depends on CheY4 and CheY7, but the cells’ organization as dense clusters in productive swarms appear to depend on functional CheYs but not chemotaxis per se. Similarly, functional CheY homologs but not chemotaxis, contribute to attachment to both abiotic and root surfaces as well as to biofilm formation, although these effects are likely dependent on additional cell surface properties such as adhesiveness. Collectively, our data highlight distinct roles for multiple CheY homologs and for chemotaxis on swarming and attachment to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ganusova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Lam T Vo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Tanmoy Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Gladys Alexandre
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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10
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Kettner A, Griehl C. The use of LipidGreen2 for visualization and quantification of intracellular Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Cupriavidus necator. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100819. [PMID: 33024843 PMCID: PMC7528054 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to develop a rapid protocol for the quantification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) during bacterial fermentation as an alternative to time-consuming gravimetric or analytical methods. Fluorescence spectroscopy is one of the most promising approaches. In this study, it could be demonstrated that the novel fluorescent probe LipidGreen2 is able to stain selectively poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Cupriavidus necator. Optimal excitation and emission wavelengths were evaluated using 3D-Excitation-Emission-Matrix, displaying the best intensities between 440-460 nm and 490-520 nm for excitation and emission, respectively. The lipophilic fluorophore LipidGreen2 showed a high long-term stability even when incubated under ambient lighting. Due to a strong linear relationship between side scatter and biomass concentration, the influence of the inner filter effects could be incorporated, and adjusting the sample to a specific OD is thus superfluous. The developed method allows a very accurate quantification of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in just 15 min, following a comprehensible and simple protocol. It is also excellently suited for bioimaging of intracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kettner
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Bernburger Strasse 55, 06366, Koethen, Germany
| | - Carola Griehl
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biosciences and Process Engineering, Bernburger Strasse 55, 06366, Koethen, Germany
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11
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García JE, Labarthe MM, Pagnussat LA, Amenta M, Creus CM, Maroniche GA. Signs of a phyllospheric lifestyle in the genome of the stress-tolerant strain Azospirillum brasilense Az19. Syst Appl Microbiol 2020; 43:126130. [PMID: 32882650 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azospirillum brasilense Az19 is a plant-beneficial bacterium capable of protecting plants from the negative effects of drought. The objective of this study was to determine and analyze the genomic sequence of strain Az19 as a means of identifying putative stress-adaptation mechanisms. A high-quality draft genome of ca. 7 Mb with a predicted coding potential of 6710 genes was obtained. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that Az19 belongs to the brasilense clade and is closely related to strains Az39 and REC3. Functional genomics revealed that the denitrification pathway of Az19 is incomplete, which was in agreement with a reduced growth on nitrate under low O2 concentrations. Putative genes of the general stress response and oxidative stress-tolerance, as well as synthesis of exopolysaccharides, carotenoids, polyamines and several osmolytes, were detected. An additional poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase coding gene was found in Az19 genome, but the accumulation of PHB did not increase under salinity. The detection of exclusive genes related to DNA repair led to discover that strain Az19 also has improved UV-tolerance, both in vitro and in planta. Finally, the analysis revealed the presence of multiple kaiC-like genes, which could be involved in stress-tolerance and, possibly, light responsiveness. Although A. brasilense has been a model for the study of beneficial plant-associated rhizobacteria, the evidence collected in this current study suggests, for the first time in this bacterial group, an unexpected possibility of adaptation to the phyllosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E García
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Nicolas Repetto and de los Reseros, Hurlingham B1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria M Labarthe
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, km 73.5 226 route, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana A Pagnussat
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, km 73.5 226 route, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 2290 Godoy Cruz str., CABA C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Melina Amenta
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, km 73.5 226 route, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia M Creus
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, km 73.5 226 route, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maroniche
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, km 73.5 226 route, Balcarce B7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 2290 Godoy Cruz str., CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
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12
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3-Hydroxybutyrate Derived from Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Mobilization Alleviates Protein Aggregation in Heat-Stressed Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01265-20. [PMID: 32631857 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01265-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Under conditions of carbon starvation or thermal, osmotic, or oxidative shock, mutants affected in the synthesis or mobilization of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are known to survive less well. It is still unclear if the synthesis and accumulation of PHB are sufficient to protect bacteria against stress conditions or if the stored PHB has to be mobilized. Here, we demonstrated that mobilization of PHB in Herbaspirillum seropedicae SmR1 was heat-shock activated at 45°C. In situ proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (i.e., 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance) showed that heat shock increased amounts of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) only in H. seropedicae strains able to synthesize and mobilize PHB. H. seropedicae SmR1 mutants unable to synthesize or mobilize PHB were more susceptible to heat shock and survived less well than the parental strain. When 100 mM 3-hydroxybutyrate was added to the medium, the ΔphaC1 strain (an H. seropedicae mutant unable to synthesize PHB) and the double mutant with deletion of both phaZ1 and phaZ2 (i.e., ΔphaZ1.2) (unable to mobilize PHB) showed partial rescue of heat adaptability (from 0% survival without 3HB to 40% of the initial viable population). Addition of 200 mM 3HB before the imposition of heat shock reduced protein aggregation to 15% in the ΔphaC1 mutant and 12% in the ΔphaZ1.2 mutant. We conclude that H. seropedicae SmR1 is naturally protected by 3HB released by PHB mobilization, while mutants unable to generate large amounts of 3HB under heat shock conditions are less able to cope with heat damage.IMPORTANCE Bacteria are subject to abrupt changes in environmental conditions affecting their growth, requiring rapid adaptation. Increasing the concentration of some metabolites can protect bacteria from hostile conditions that lead to protein denaturation and precipitation, as well as damage to plasma membranes. In this work, we demonstrated that under thermal shock, the bacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae depolymerized its intracellular stock polymer known as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), rapidly increasing the concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and decreasing protein precipitation by thermal denaturation. Mutant H. seropedicae strains unable to produce or depolymerize PHB suffered irreparable damage during thermal shock, resulting in fast death when incubated at 45°C. Our results will contribute to the development of bacteria better adapted to high temperatures found either in natural conditions or in industrial processes. In the case of H. seropedicae and other bacteria that interact beneficially with plants, the understanding of PHB metabolism can be decisive for the development of more-competitive strains and their application as biofertilizers in agriculture.
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Clifton‐García B, González‐Reynoso O, Robledo‐Ortiz J, Villafaña‐Rojas J, González‐García Y. Forest soil bacteria able to produce homo and copolymers of polyhydroxyalkanoates from several pure and waste carbon sources. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:300-309. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Clifton‐García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco México
| | - O. González‐Reynoso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco México
| | - J.R. Robledo‐Ortiz
- Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco México
| | - J. Villafaña‐Rojas
- Departamento de Química Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara Jalisco México
| | - Y. González‐García
- Departamento de Madera Celulosa y Papel Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco México
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Sen KY, Hussin MH, Baidurah S. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator from various pretreated molasses as carbon source. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Lagares A, Valverde C. Quantification of Bacterial Polyhydroxybutyrate Content by Flow Cytometry. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2638. [PMID: 34595305 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here a detailed protocol for the quantification of the intracellular content of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in a population of bacterial cells by flow cytometry, which is based on a consensus of several previously reported works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Lagares
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Microbiología e Interacciones Biológicas en el Suelo, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
| | - Claudio Valverde
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Microbiología e Interacciones Biológicas en el Suelo, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes - CONICET, Bernal, Argentina
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Takahashi RYU, Castilho NAS, Silva MACD, Miotto MC, Lima AODS. Prospecting for Marine Bacteria for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Low-Cost Substrates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4030060. [PMID: 28952539 PMCID: PMC5615306 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biopolymers with numerous applications, but the high cost of production has prevented their use. To reduce this cost, there is a prospect for strains with a high PHA production and the ability to grow in low-cost by-products. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate marine bacteria capable of producing PHA. Using Nile red, 30 organisms among 155 were identified as PHA producers in the medium containing starch, and 27, 33, 22 and 10 strains were found to be positive in media supplemented with carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, glucose and Tween 80, respectively. Among the organisms studied, two isolates, LAMA 677 and LAMA 685, showed strong potential to produce PHA with the use of glycerol as the carbon source, and were selected for further studies. In the experiment used to characterize the growth kinetics, LAMA 677 presented a higher maximum specific growth rate (µmax = 0.087 h−1) than LAMA 685 (µmax = 0.049 h−1). LAMA 677 also reached a D-3-hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) content of 78.63% (dry biomass), which was 3.5 times higher than that of LAMA 685. In the assay of the production of P(3HB) from low-cost substrates (seawater and biodiesel waste glycerol), LAMA 677 reached a polymer content of 31.7%, while LAMA 685 reached 53.6%. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the selected marine strains have the potential to produce PHA, and seawater and waste glycerol may be alternative substrates for the production of this polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Yoji Uwamori Takahashi
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcus Adonai Castro da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cecilia Miotto
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | - André Oliveira de Souza Lima
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
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