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Collombat J, Chapron SA, Sarram S, Fatseas M, Serre F, Auriacombe M. [Anorexia nervosa: An addiction? Application of the addiction model to eating disorders. A narrative commented review]. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00068-X. [PMID: 38755028 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Addiction offers a framework for the understanding of eating disorders, particularly those characterized by hyperphagia, with growing interest in food addiction. However, the application of the addiction model to anorexia nervosa remains more controversial. In this commented narrative review, we examine and discuss the addictive features of anorexia nervosa. METHODS Commented narrative review of the literature. RESULTS Anorexia nervosa could be the consequence of the loss of control of several objects of positive reinforcement: food restriction, physical hyperactivity, and food itself. Craving has been little studied in the field of eating disorders. When investigated, studies mainly focus on food cravings and tend to highlight food cravings that are inversely correlated with the restrictive nature of the disorder. This would thus be less found in anorexia nervosa, in which it is nevertheless reported. The existence of a pre-existing food craving, or its appearance secondary to food restriction, is currently under discussion. In the meantime, the question of a craving for food restriction, underpinned by the gratifying effect of fasting, is raised. CONCLUSIONS The management of eating disorders has its place within the addiction care sectors. An integrative approach should be favored, for anorexia nervosa, combining, on the one hand, classic nutritional care, and, on the other hand, care within the framework of addiction treatment. Finally, in people with an eating disorder, the search for an addiction to food, food restriction and physical activity, including a systematic assessment of craving, should be systematized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Collombat
- Laboratoire sommeil, addiction et neuropsychiatrie (SANPSY), CNRS UMR 6033, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie-Athéna Chapron
- Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire sommeil, addiction et neuropsychiatrie (SANPSY), CNRS UMR 6033, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service d'addictologie, CH de la Côte Basque, 64109 Bayonne, France
| | - Saman Sarram
- Laboratoire sommeil, addiction et neuropsychiatrie (SANPSY), CNRS UMR 6033, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélina Fatseas
- Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Institut de neurosciences cognitives et intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA), CNRS UMR 5287, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fuschia Serre
- Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire sommeil, addiction et neuropsychiatrie (SANPSY), CNRS UMR 6033, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Laboratoire sommeil, addiction et neuropsychiatrie (SANPSY), CNRS UMR 6033, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'addictologie, CH Charles-Perrens et CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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Marcon ER, Brillmann M, Martins LL, Guth N, Cauduro SC, Pozzer RM, Fraga LP, Oliveira MS. Brazilian Version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Individuals with Severe Obesity. Obes Surg 2024; 34:1819-1825. [PMID: 38580784 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adapting and validating the Portuguese version of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes to allow it to be used by the Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 329 individuals with body mass indexes (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, candidates for bariatric surgery at a reference hospital in Brazil. They were given a questionnaire that identified sociodemographic data, and the YFAS 2.0 scale, Portuguese version (BR-YFAS2.0-Obes), was applied to assess their food dependence levels. The Food Craving Questionnaire - Trait: The FCQ-T-reduced was subsequently used for a correlation analysis. RESULTS The patients' average BMI was 41.6 ± 8.8 kg/m2. Br-YFAS2.0-Obes presented an average of 4.9 ± 3.1 for the FA diagnostic criteria. The resulting values of the Comparative Fit Index, Tucker Lewis Index, and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual were 0.990, 0.986, and 0.074, respectively. The internal consistency analysis of the 11 domains presented a Kuder-Richardson α of 0.82. The convergent validity, obtained through an analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient, was r = 0.43 (p < 0.001). It was found that an increase in the number of Br-YFAS 2.0-Obes symptoms is associated with an increase in the FCQ-T-r mean. CONCLUSION Much like the YFAS 2.0 in other languages, the BR-YFAS 2.0-Obes presented adequate convergent validity, reliability, and one-factor structure results, which makes it suitable for Brazilian candidates for bariatric surgery or any individual who is within BMI > = 30 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilian R Marcon
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, 2350 Ramiro Barcelos St, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mirna Brillmann
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Niceli Guth
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo M Pozzer
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo P Fraga
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Margareth S Oliveira
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Av, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Silva-Neto LGR, Silva Júnior AED, Bueno NB, Florêncio TMDMT. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with food addiction in Brazilian women living in poverty. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1421-1424. [PMID: 38185816 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) has been widely investigated. For the first time, two studies reported its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the general population and populations with mental disorders and undergoing bariatric surgery. However, the relationship between FA and DM2 needs to be better explored in different social contexts and population groups. Given this, the present study aims to evaluate whether DM2 diagnosis is associated with FA diagnosis in women living in poverty. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in a Brazilian capital city. FA was assessed by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) 2.0, and DM2 diagnosis was assessed by self-reporting of previous medical diagnosis. The association was assessed by multivariable Poisson regression with robust variance estimation adjusted for age, poverty situation, race/skin colour, physical activity and BMI. A total of 1878 women were included, of whom 15·1 % had FA and 3·2 % had a medical diagnosis of DM2. In the multivariable analysis, the medical diagnosis of DM2 was associated with FA (prevalence ratio, PR: 2·18; 95 % CI (1·26, 3·76)). The DM2 diagnosis was also identified to be associated with role interference (PR: 1·93; 95 % CI (1·01, 3·67)) symptom of FA. In conclusion, a positive association between FA and DM2 in women living in poverty was observed, information that adds to the current evidence already available in the literature, pointing to a new line of research and integrated care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas57072-900, Brazil
| | - Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas57072-900, Brazil
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de Sousa EM, Resende TRO, Alvarenga MDS, Raposo A, Teixeira-Lemos E, Guiné R, Alturki HA, de Carvalho PHB. Psychometric Evaluation of the Food Life Questionnaire-Short Form among Brazilian Adult Women. Nutrients 2024; 16:927. [PMID: 38612959 PMCID: PMC11013054 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Measures of beliefs and attitudes toward food have generally been limited to the measurement of more pathological eating attitudes (e.g., disordered eating). The Food Life Questionnaire (FLQ) and its short form (FLQ-SF) were developed to examine attitudes toward a broader range of foods; however, the factor structure of the FLQ-SF was not confirmed in any study with young women. In the present study, we performed a psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian Portuguese translation of the FLQ-SF in a sample of 604 women. We evaluated the factor structure using a two-step, split-sample exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic approach. Results supported a four-factor structure (i.e., weight concern, diet-health orientation, belief in a diet-health linkage, and food and pleasure) with 18 items (χ2/df = 2.09; CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05 (90% CI = 0.04; 0.06; p > 0.05); and SRMR = 0.08). Additionally, we found good internal consistency for all FLQ-SF subscales (McDonald's ω = 0.79-0.89) and convergent validity with measures of feelings, beliefs, and behaviors involved in food attitudes. Collectively, these results support the use of the FLQ-SF in Brazilian women and provide a foundation to expand the literature on beliefs and attitudes toward food in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilene Márcia de Sousa
- Body Image and Eating Disorders Research Group (NICTA), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, MG, Brazil; (E.M.d.S.); (T.R.O.R.)
| | - Thainá Richelli Oliveira Resende
- Body Image and Eating Disorders Research Group (NICTA), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, MG, Brazil; (E.M.d.S.); (T.R.O.R.)
| | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edite Teixeira-Lemos
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (E.T.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Raquel Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal; (E.T.-L.); (R.G.)
| | - Hmidan A. Alturki
- King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute—Health Sector, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho
- Body Image and Eating Disorders Research Group (NICTA), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 35010-180, MG, Brazil; (E.M.d.S.); (T.R.O.R.)
- Eating Disorders Program, Institute of Psychiatry (AMBULIM), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, SP, Brazil
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Niroumand Sarvandani M, Asadi M, Izanloo B, Soleimani M, Mahdavi F, Gearhardt AN, Chen QW, Ghadiri Varzaneh N, Taghadosiniya R, Ghazvini H, Khoramrooz M, Rafaiee R. Confirmatory factor analysis and gender invariance of Persian version of the modified Yale food addiction scale (mPYFAS) 2.0: insight from a large scale Iranian sample. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:14. [PMID: 38263269 PMCID: PMC10804513 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was developed with the primary objective of evaluating food addiction (FA). The present study aimed to undertake the translation, pilot testing, and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 within the Persian-speaking population. METHODS The transcultural adaptation of the mYFAS 2.0 to the Persian language was conducted. Data collection was carried out through an anonymous online questionnaire. Participants completed the Persian versions of the mYFAS 2.0, Binge Eating Scale (BES), Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The assessment encompassed the evaluation of internal consistency reliability, factor structure, as well as convergent and discriminant validity of the aforementioned questionnaires. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the single-factor model of the Persian translation of mYFAS 2.0 performed satisfactorily, with comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) values exceeding 0.95, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) less than or equal to 0.09, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) below 0.03. The internal consistency and composite reliability of the mYFAS 2.0 were favorable in the entire sample, as well as in both male and female groups, with alpha (α) values of 0.83, ordinal alpha (αord) of 0.93, and composite reliability (CR) of 0.86. Additionally, significant relationships were observed between the total score of BES (r = 0.59, p < 0.001), BIS-11 (r = - 0.16, p < 0.001), and CD-RISC (r = 0.22, p < 0.001) with mYFAS 2.0-diagnosed FA presence, severity, and symptom count. CONCLUSIONS The Persian version of the mYFAS 2.0 exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Asadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Balal Izanloo
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mahdavi
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Qing-Wei Chen
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nasrin Ghadiri Varzaneh
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Roya Taghadosiniya
- Department of Counselling, Faculty of Humanities, University of Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghazvini
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Khoramrooz
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Raheleh Rafaiee
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Chapron SA, Kervran C, Da Rosa M, Fournet L, Shmulewitz D, Hasin D, Denis C, Collombat J, Monsaingeon M, Fatseas M, Gatta-Cherifi B, Serre F, Auriacombe M. Does food use disorder exist? Item response theory analyses of a food use disorder adapted from the DSM-5 substance use disorder criteria in a treatment seeking clinical sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 251:110937. [PMID: 37666092 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased consumption of food that are high in energy and sugar have been pointed as a major factor in the obesity epidemic. Impaired control of food intake and the concept of food addiction has been developed as a potential contributor. Our objective was to evaluate the dimensionality and psychometric validity of diagnostic criteria for food addiction adapted from the 11 DSM-5 substance use disorder (SUD) criteria (i.e.: Food Use Disorder (FUD) criteria), and to evaluate the influence of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS Cross-sectional observational study including 508 participants (56.1% male; mean age 42.2) from outpatient treatment clinics for obesity or addiction disorders at time of admission. FUD diagnostic criteria were analyzed using confirmatory factor and 2-parameter item response theory analyses. Differential Item and Test Functioning analyses were performed across age, gender, and BMI. RESULTS We demonstrated the one-factor dimensionality of the criteria set. The criterion "craving" presented the strongest factor loading and discrimination parameter and the second-lowest difficulty. We found some significant uniform differential item functioning for body mass index. We found some differential test functioning for gender and BMI. CONCLUSIONS This study reports, for the first time, the validity of a potential Food Use Disorder (derived from the 11 DSM-5 SUD criteria adapted to food) in a sample of treatment seeking adults. This has great implications both at the clinical level and in terms of public health policy in the context of the global obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie-Athéna Chapron
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Charlotte Kervran
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marco Da Rosa
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucie Fournet
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cécile Denis
- SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie Collombat
- SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maude Monsaingeon
- Obesity Clinic, Haut-Leveque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélina Fatseas
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gatta-Cherifi
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Obesity Clinic, Haut-Leveque Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 1215, Bordeaux, 33076 France
| | - Fuschia Serre
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Auriacombe
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; SANPSY Sleep, Addiction and Neuropsychiatry, Centre national de la recherche scientifique CNRS UMR 6033 and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Addiction Clinic (Pôle Interétablissement d'Addictologie), CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Florio L, de Azevedo-Marques Périco C, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Understanding food addiction in Post-Bariatric patients. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:513-520. [PMID: 38299654 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2276895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the construct validity of Food Addiction (FA) as evaluated by the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) within the context of post-bariatric surgery patients in Brazil. Understanding the prevalence, characteristics, and construct validity of FA among individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery is crucial for enhancing patient care and advancing research in this field. Our findings are based on a convenience-based sample of 100 individuals who had undergone bariatric surgery at Hospital Estadual Mário Covas (HEMC) in Brazil. Using mYFAS 2.0, we found that 51% of the participants met the criteria for FA, with 31% classified as severely affected. In our investigation of construct validity, we confirmed a one-dimensional model, in line with prior research using the YFAS and its modified versions. Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses further confirmed the appropriateness of the mYFAS 2.0 items, with all criteria contributing to the latent structure, most exhibiting discrimination values exceeding 0.5, and the majority having values greater than 2. These results provide substantial support for the construct validity of mYFAS 2.0 in our Brazilian subpopulation of post-bariatric surgery patients. Comparative analyses with previous studies revealed a notably higher prevalence of FA in our population, suggesting potential differences between pre- and post-bariatric surgery groups. This study contributes unique insights into the assessment of FA among post-surgery patients and highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in this population. While this study advances our understanding of FA in post-bariatric surgery patients, certain limitations, such as the relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design, warrant consideration. Nevertheless, our findings hold valuable implications for healthcare providers, researchers, and patients in the field of bariatric surgery and FA management. Future research can build upon these foundations to explore long-term FA effects post-surgery and potential interventions to address this issue effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Florio
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, Brazil
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Silva Júnior AED, Bueno NB. Letter to the editor: Further evidence that food addiction is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1159-1160. [PMID: 37202339 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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9
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Silva Júnior AED, Gearhardt AN, Bueno NB. Association between food addiction with ultra-processed food consumption and eating patterns in a Brazilian sample. Appetite 2023; 186:106572. [PMID: 37085018 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The study objectives were to determine whether consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and eating patterns are associated with food addiction (FA) in a Brazilian sample. This is a cross-sectional study. The Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System tool assessed food consumption markers and dietary patterns. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 was used to determine FA. 5946 participants were included with a mean age of 24 ± 6 years, and 4371 (73.5%) were female. After statistical adjustments for confounders, individuals with FA had lower consumption of fresh fruits (PR: 0.88; 95%CI: [0.79; 0.97]), vegetables (PR: 0.87; 95%CI: [0.79; 0.97]), and beans (PR: 0.85; 95%CI: [0.77; 0.95]). They also had higher consumption of UPF: hamburgers/sausages (PR: 1.15; 95%CI: [1.04; 1.27]), instant noodles, packaged snacks, and/or salty cookies (PR: 1.27; 95%CI: [1.13; 1.42]), and sandwich cookies, sweets, and/or treats (PR: 1.26; 95%CI: [1.14; 1.40]). Positive associations between FA and having meals in front of the screen (PR: 1.48; 95%CI: [1.28; 1.71]) and having a late-night snack (PR: 1.24; 95%CI: [1.11; 1.39]) remained. The negative association between FA and skipping breakfast (PR: 0.76; 95%CI: [0.68; 0.85]) also remained. These eating patterns may contribute to FA, which could be potential targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
| | | | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo, Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
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10
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Escrivá-Martínez T, Galiana L, Herrero R, Rodríguez-Arias M, Fernández-Aranda F, Gearhardt AN, Baños RM. Food addiction and its relationship with other eating behaviours among Spanish university students. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:60. [PMID: 37046319 PMCID: PMC10100167 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is characterised by symptoms such as loss of control over food consumption, inability to reduce consumption despite the desire to do so, and continued consumption despite negative consequences. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a widely used instrument to assess FA. OBJECTIVES To validate the Spanish mYFAS 2.0; to analyse the relationships between FA with other eating behaviours, sociodemographic variables, and Body Mass Index (BMI); and to test the eating-related variables that account for the variance in FA. METHODS The sample consisted of 400 university students (Mage = 24.16, SDage = 6.12; 51% female), who completed the mYFAS 2.0 and measures of eating-related constructs. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the mYFAS 2.0. The scale showed good internal consistency (α = .78), and good convergent validity with the mYFAS. FA was related to eating styles, binge eating, and bulimia. No differences in FA were observed between males and females, and there was no association between FA and BMI. In addition, younger participants scored higher on FA than older participants. The eating-related variables explain 54.7% of the variance in FA. CONCLUSIONS The mYFAS 2.0 is a valid and reliable scale to assess FA in the Spanish population. The positive and significant relationship of variables related to eating (eating styles, binge eating and bulimia) with FA was demonstrated. These variables were indicated by those at high risk of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Escrivá-Martínez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rocío Herrero
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 44003, Teruel, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 530 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rosa M Baños
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERObn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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11
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de Melo Barros L, da Silva Júnior AE, Praxedes DRS, Monteiro MBL, de Lima Macena M, Bueno NB. Prevalence of food addiction determined by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:677-690. [PMID: 36722629 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction (FA) has been extensively investigated worldwide; however, the prevalence of FA in the Latin American population has yet to be established and past work has largely neglected the specificities of this region, that includes the most significant economic disparities in the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of FA measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America. METHOD The search was performed on MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, PsycArticles, CENTRAL, and the gray literature. FA prevalence data were collected, and random effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the overall weighted prevalence, the prevalence by country, and by clinical and non-clinical samples. RESULTS A total of 10,082 occurrences were identified through database searches, and 23 studies were included (Mexico = 9; Brazil = 7; Chile = 4; Argentina = 1; Peru = 1; Uruguay = 1). The prevalence of FA found in clinical samples was 38% (95% CI: 16%-63%; I2 = 98.67%; 8 studies), while in non-clinical samples, it was 15% (95% CI: 10%-21%; I2 = 98.51%; 15 studies). DISCUSSION The average prevalence of FA in the Latin American countries included here was in accordance with that reported in other regions worldwide. It is noteworthy that the studies were conducted only in six countries, which are among those with the highest income in the region and do not represent the situation in native populations or those with lower purchasing power. This gap in the data also reflects the effects of economic disparities on the availability of empirical data in the region. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE The prevalence of food addiction in Latin America was similar to that reported in other regions. It was higher among individuals with overweight, whether or not undergoing bariatric surgery, than in non-clinical samples. These findings contribute to aggregate information about this condition that has drawn the attention of clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila de Melo Barros
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - André Eduardo da Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maíra Barbosa Lobo Monteiro
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Lima Macena
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Laboratório de Nutrição e Metabolismo (LANUM), Faculdade de Nutrição (FANUT), Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Saffari M, Fan CW, Chang YL, Huang PC, Tung SEH, Poon WC, Lin CC, Yang WC, Lin CY, Potenza MN. Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and modified YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0): Rasch analysis and differential item functioning. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:185. [PMID: 36443860 PMCID: PMC9703721 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction (FA) is a prevalent concern that may manifest as poorly controlled food consumption and promote overweight/obesity. Thus, having a well-established instrument for assessment may facilitate better prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of two common measures of FA (i.e., the Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS] 2.0 and its modified version, mYFAS 2.0) using a robust statistical analysis (Rasch model). METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the scales were sent to 974 students studying in higher education (60% females) in Taiwan through online media including email and social networks. Rasch modeling was used to assess dimensionality, difficulty level, and item misfit and hierarchy. Differential item functioning (DIF) was performed to examine consistency of the items across gender and weight status. RESULTS Rasch analysis indicated 3 items of the 35 items belonging to the YFAS 2.0 (8.6%) and none belonging to the mYFAS 2.0 were misfit. Unidimensionality and construct validity of both scales were supported by appropriate goodness-of-fit for diagnostic criteria. The person separation was 3.14 (reliability = 0.91) for the YFAS 2.0 and 2.17 (reliability = 0.82) for mYFAS 2.0, indicating the scales could distinguish participants into more than 3 strata. Only one substantial DIF was found for diagnostic criteria of "Failure to fulfill major role obligation" in the YFAS 2.0 across gender. CONCLUSION According to Rasch modeling, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 have acceptable construct validity in Chinese-speaking youth. Scoring methods using either diagnostic criteria or symptom counts for both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 are supported by the present Rasch findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XHealth Education Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Yen-Ling Chang
- grid.413400.20000 0004 1773 7121Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- grid.411729.80000 0000 8946 5787Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000 Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- grid.430718.90000 0001 0585 5508Sunway Business School, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - Chien-Ching Lin
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- grid.412094.a0000 0004 0572 7815Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Infinite Power, Lt. Co., No. 38, Yonghe 1st St., Renwu Dist., Kaohsiung, 814 Taiwan
- grid.411447.30000 0004 0637 1806Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Departments of Occupational Therapy and Public Health, and Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., East Dist., Tainan, 701401 Taiwan
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.414671.10000 0000 8938 4936Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Chen IH, Huang PC, Lin YC, Gan WY, Fan CW, Yang WC, Tung SEH, Poon WC, Griffiths MD, Lin CY. The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 in Taiwan: Factor structure and concurrent validity. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1014447. [PMID: 36506452 PMCID: PMC9732099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1014447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The most widely used instruments to assess food addiction - the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) and its modified version (mYFAS 2.0) - have not been validated in a Taiwanese population. The present study compared the psychometric properties between the Taiwan versions of YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 among university students. Methods An online survey comprising the YFAS 2.0, mYFAS 2.0, Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to assess food addiction, self-stigma, and physical activity. Results All participants (n = 687; mean age = 24.00 years [SD ± 4.48 years]; 407 females [59.2%]) completed the entire survey at baseline and then completed the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 again three months later. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 both shared a similar single-factor solution. In addition, both the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 reported good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.90 and 0.89), good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.71 and 0.69), and good concurrent validity with the total scores being strongly associated with the WSSQ (r = 0.54 and 0.57; p < 0.01), and less strongly associated with BMI (r = 0.17 and 0.13; p < 0.01) and IPAQ-SF (r = 0.23 and 0.25; p < 0.01). Discussion Based on the findings, the Taiwan versions of the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0 appear to be valid and reliable instruments assessing food addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Po-Ching Huang
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lin
- Department of Early Childhood and Family Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chia-Wei Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, AdventHealth University, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Wen-Chi Yang
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Infinite Power Ltd., Co., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Chuen Poon
- Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale May Be Simplified and Diagnostically Improved: The Same Prevalence but Different Severity and Risk Factors of Food Addiction among Female and Male Students. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194041. [PMID: 36235693 PMCID: PMC9573175 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the most commonly used scale for measuring food addiction (FA). The previous approach to the YFAS and its subsequent versions assumed dichotomization of items, separating addiction symptoms and clinical significance items, and factorial validity testing on a subset of items. In this paper, we discuss the drawbacks associated with these procedures. In addition, we present a different analytical approach to investigate the validity of the modified YFAS (mYFAS) along with an alternative scoring method that overcomes limitations related to the previous approach. After establishing the structure of the mYFAS, we investigated the potential antecedents and consequences of FA separately for men and women. The sample consisted of 1182 Polish undergraduate students (613 women, 559 men, 10 missing values on gender) with a mean age of 20.33 years (SD = 1.68; range: 18–36). They were asked to complete self-report questionnaires measuring FA, personality traits (Big Five), self-esteem, narcissism, self-efficacy, social anxiety, loneliness, and well-being indicators. Due to the low content, factorial, and clinical validity, the first three items were excluded from the Polish version of the mYFAS. The six-item mYFAS demonstrated measurement invariance, allowing for meaningful comparisons between genders and yielded almost identical prevalence rates for men and women. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that, narcissism, and social anxiety predicted FA in both genders, whereas important gender differences in antecedents were also noted. In addition, FA was associated with body mass index (BMI) and most of the well-being indicators, even after controlling for relevant variables. The findings suggest that our modified analytical approach allows researchers to measure FA using a valid, useful, and simple tool.
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Hallit S, Brytek-Matera A, Malaeb D, Obeid S. Validation of the Arabic version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale in the general population in Lebanon. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:112. [PMID: 35927764 PMCID: PMC9354308 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the definition of food addiction is not agreed upon, it is characterized by eating more than expected without being hungry, not being able to visit certain places associated with overeating or unsuccessfully trying to cut down on the consumption of certain foods. The modified YFAS (mYFAS 2.0) version, instrument available to evaluate food addiction, was shown to have good psychometric properties. Our objective was to assess the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the mYFAS (mYFAS-Ar-Leb) in the Lebanese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 1268 persons residing in Lebanon (September-November 2020). The mean age of the participants was 26.18 years (SD = 11.17; min: 18; max: 85), with 65.1% females. The percentage of participants with food addiction was 226 (17.8%) in the total sample. A confirmatory factor analysis was run on the one-factor structure among the total sample. RESULTS The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis of the scale were excellent. The Cronbach's alpha value was good for the total scale. The mYFAS-Ar-Leb score was positively and strongly associated with stress, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION Our study findings highlighted that the use of the mYFAS-Ar-Leb in Lebanese population might help estimate food addiction prevalence and stress on the need for effective treatment and preventive measures to craving for addictive foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon. .,Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, 21478, Saudi Arabia. .,Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Anna Brytek-Matera
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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16
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da Silva Júnior AE, de Lima Macena M, de Oliveira ADS, Praxedes DRS, de Oliveira Maranhão Pureza IR, de Menezes Toledo Florêncio TM, Gearhardt AN, Bueno NB. Prevalence of food addiction and its association with anxiety, depression, and adherence to social distancing measures in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2027-2035. [PMID: 34997553 PMCID: PMC8741577 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's objective was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) in Brazilian university students and to verify whether there is an association with anxiety, depression, and adherence to the social distancing measures adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out through the application of online questionnaires. Self-reported data on age, sex, economic class, race/skin color, anthropometric data, depression diagnosis, anxiety, modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0), and adherence to social distancing measures were collected. 5368 participants were included, with a mean age was 24.1 ± 6.3 years, the majority were female (n = 3990; 74.3%), and the mean BMI in our sample was 24.5 ± 5.3 kg/m2. The prevalence of FA was 19.1% (95%CI: 18.0; 20.0%). An association was observed between FA with depression (PR: 1.60; 95%CI: 1.43; 1.78; p < 0.01), and anxiety (3.13; 95%CI: 2.74; 3.58; p < 0.01), but not with adherence to social distancing measures (p = 0.70). In conclusion, there was a higher prevalence of FA in Brazilian university students. Besides, university students with anxiety, depression, overweight, or obesity and females are more prone to FA.Level of evidence Level V, Opinions of authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateus de Lima Macena
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Telma Maria de Menezes Toledo Florêncio
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil
| | | | - Nassib Bezerra Bueno
- Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, 57072-900, Brazil.
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17
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Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale version 2.0 (C-mYFAS 2.0): Prevalence of food addiction and relationship with resilience and social support. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:273-284. [PMID: 33779965 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (C-mYFAS 2.0) and to analyze the prevalence of food addiction among Chinese college students and its relationship with resilience and social support. METHODS A total of 1132 Chinese college students completed the C-mYFAS 2.0, BES, EAT-26, PHQ-9, GAD-7, TFEQ-18, CD-RISC-10, and PSSS. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the factor structure of the C-mYFAS 2.0 and psychometric properties were assessed. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a sub-sample (n = 62). Spearman correlation and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between resilience, social support, and food addiction. RESULTS The prevalence of food addiction according to the C-mYFAS 2.0 was 6.2%. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested a single-factor structure (comparative fit index = 0.961). The C-mYFAS 2.0 had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson's α = 0.824). Good convergent validity was indicated by correlations with binge eating, eating disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and BMI (ps < 0.001). Appropriate divergent validity was reflected by no association with cognitive restraint. Finally, binge eating was significantly predicted by C-mYFAS 2.0, depressive symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms (ps < 0.001), confirming incremental validity. In addition, our study found that poorer resilience and social support were related to food addiction (ps < .001). CONCLUSIONS The C-mYFAS 2.0 is a brief but reliable and valid screening instrument for food addiction among Chinese college students. In addition, we found that resilience and social support were negatively associated with food addiction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Translation of the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and its validation among college students. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:116. [PMID: 34530921 PMCID: PMC8444594 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity prevalence has substantially increased in China over the past decade. In China, over 1 in 7 individuals meet the criteria for overall obesity, and 1 in 3 meet the criteria for abdominal obesity, obesity has become a significant problem. Studies have shown that food addiction and obesity are inextricably linked. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a brief measurement for assessing food addiction. This study aimed to explore the structure of the Chinese version of the mYFAS 2.0 and assess the occurrence of food addiction in a sample of college students in Northeast China. METHODS A cross-sectional design was conducted in a sample of 1099 undergraduate students in Northeast China. Participants completed the sociodemographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the mYFAS 2.0, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-8), and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES) to test the hypothesis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the mYFAS 2.0. Two weeks later, 62 students who participated in the first test were recruited to evaluate the test-retest reliability. RESULTS The Chinese version of the mYFAS 2.0 demonstrated adequate internal consistency, good test-retest reliability and satisfactory construct validity. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis found that the Chinese version of the mYFAS 2.0 demonstrated a good fit to the two-factor solution identified by the exploratory factor analysis and showed superior fit indices compared to the one-factor model. The prevalence of food addiction in our sample was found to be in line with rates observed in other Asian and Western samples. The mYFAS 2.0 symptom count scores were correlated with BMI, the idea of dieting to lose weight, the desire to overeat, low self-esteem, and impulsivity. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the Chinese version of the mYFAS 2.0 has good reliability and validity, and that it can be considered a tool to evaluate the addictive eating behaviours of undergraduate students.
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Prevalence and correlates of food addiction: Systematic review of studies with the YFAS 2.0. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:191-204. [PMID: 33846067 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on food addiction (FA) has been growing and increasing interest has been seen in comprehending its mechanisms and clinical and psychological correlates of this phenomena. This field of study is specially apply to understand obesity and eating behavior issues related to eating disorders (ED). OBJECTIVES We performed a literature review that describe recent research using the updated version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) or modified-YFAS (mYFAS 2.0), from the date of its publication. METHODS Search were performed in Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycNET databases for studies that used the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0. RESULTS The studies (n = 53) investigated adaptation and validation of the scale in different cultures (n = 13), prevalence on nonclinical populations and representative samples (n = 5), food addiction in obesity samples (n = 11), in samples with ED and disordered eating (n = 10) and studies that investigated FA in association with other clinical and psychological variables (n = 14). DISCUSSION Studies with the YFAS 2.0 reveal higher prevalence of FA in different samples, and a great association between FA and BED, BN and obesity. Implications for diagnostic of this phenomena and the overlap between FA and other disorders are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The field of FA remains an open subject and effort must be implied to understand the subjective experience of addiction related to eating and food.
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Oliveira J, Oskinis S, Santos ACD, Cordás TA. Existe uma relação entre autocompaixão e adição à comida em mulheres com comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais? JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre autocompaixão e adição à comida em mulheres com comportamento alimentar disfuncional. Métodos: Mulheres de um grupo de apoio completaram as escalas de compulsão alimentar, restrição cognitiva, autocompaixão, Escala de Adição à Comida de Yale versão modificada 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) e questionário de Hay para práticas compensatórias. Foram identificados a prevalência de adição à comida e sintomas segundo a YFAS. Para serem incluídas, as participantes deveriam atingir pontuação para compulsão alimentar e, para análises, foram divididas em função da presença de práticas compensatórias. O grupo foi analisado por meio de testes de correlação de Pearson entre variáveis de interesse, e os grupos bulímico e compulsivo foram comparados com teste t de Student (p < 0,05; software JASP). Resultados: Participaram do estudo 190 mulheres. De acordo com a YFAS, 95,3% (n = 181) tinham adição à comida, e os escores da escala apresentaram correlação negativa com a autocompaixão e com a compulsão alimentar (p = 0,014 em ambas). Os níveis de autocompaixão apresentaram correlação negativa com as questões #3, #5, #6, #8 e #9 da YFAS (p < 0,05). Conclusões: Este estudo traz dados para a discussão da necessidade de analisar como a autocrítica atrelada ao sofrimento de quem apresenta comportamento alimentar disfuncional afeta o preenchimento da escala, trazendo identificação com a noção de vício, já que esta é culturalmente aceita.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Oskinis
- Complexo Hospitalar Municipal de São Bernardo do Campo, Brasil
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Lawson JL, Wiedemann AA, Carr MM, Kerrigan SG. Considering Food Addiction through a Cultural Lens. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2020; 7:387-394. [PMID: 34336546 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors, however little is known about the relationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender and acculturation level; iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on our current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of sociocultural variables. Recent Findings Preliminary data suggest that food addiction symptoms occur cross-culturally, and that there may be significant differences between sociodemographic groups. Issues related to adequate lexicalization of concepts central to food addiction (e.g., craving, addiction) and global variations in eating culture and presentation of similar constructs (e.g. binge-eating) contribute to questions raised and identify avenues for further research. Summary Multidimensional cultural assessment is called for to characterize food addiction among diverse groups and improve our understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and sequelae of food addiction cross-culturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Lawson
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516.,Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
| | | | - Meagan M Carr
- Yale School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, New Haven, CT 06511
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22
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Cinelli G, Criscuolo M, Bifone C, Chianello I, Castiglioni MC, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L, Tozzi AE, Vicari S, Zanna V. Food Addiction in a Group of Italian Adolescents Diagnosed for Eating Disorder. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051524. [PMID: 32456233 PMCID: PMC7285060 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in patients with Eating Disorders (EDs) showed high rates of Food Addiction (FA) even in restrictive subtypes. The majority of studies were conducted on adult population. The present work aimed to describe and compared FA in adolescents diagnosed for different EDs and to evaluate its association with patients' psychopathology. Patients aged 12-18 y were included in the analysis. FA was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The rate of FA was of 49.4% in the whole sample (n = 87, F = 90.8%) and of 53.7% in patients diagnosed with restrictive anorexia nervosa. No difference in FA frequency was detected between EDs. A worse psychopathological picture was found in patients diagnosed with FA. Higher age, higher score to the Eating Attitudes Test-26 and to the Eating Disorder Inventory-3's Interoceptive Deficits scale have been detected as the major predictors of FA in our sample. FA may be considered a transnosographic construct, not linked to the subtype of ED but to patients' personal characteristics and, in particular, to age and interoceptive deficits. A worse psychopathology might be considered a risk factor for the presence of FA in EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cinelli
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.E.T.)
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Criscuolo
- Demetra, Association for Eating Disorders’ Prevention and Care, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Costanza Bifone
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Ilenia Chianello
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Castiglioni
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic Section, Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic Section, Biomedicine and Prevention Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.D.L.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Alberto Eugenio Tozzi
- Predictive and Preventive Medicine Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.E.T.)
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valeria Zanna
- Anorexia Nervosa and Eating Disorder Unit, Child Neuropsychiatry, Dept. of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome Italy; (C.B.); (I.C.); (M.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0668592936
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Cardoso TQ, Pereira CW, de Souza Costa T, da CostaLima MD. Translation and validation of the addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale from English to Portuguese in Brazil. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:113-121. [PMID: 32193994 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1724607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating addiction is an important condition related to obesity. The Addiction-like Eating Behavior Scale (AEBS) was recently validated in English to evaluate addictive eating behaviors. To perform the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the AEBS scale to Portuguese to identify eating addictions in the Brazilian population. The AEBS translation, adaptation, and validation followed previously published criteria, including the steps of translation, back translation, evaluation by a committee of judges, and a pretest with 40 students. Subsequently, 150 students from the Medical School at the Recife Campus of the Federal University of Pernambuco were tested using the AEBS-Portuguese version (AEBS-p). Of these, 37 were evaluated a second time for a test-retest analysis. For data collection, 5 instruments were used: the AEBS-p, a modified version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0)-Portuguese version, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Binge Eating Scale (BES), and the Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The AEBS-p showed good reliability, based on a significant internal consistency value (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91), and good correlation in the test-retest evaluation. A committee of judges considered the content validity appropriate. Convergent validation was positive with the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p < 0.001). The AEBS-p showed a significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and significantly predicted variance in BMI that was accounted for by both the mYFAS 2.0 and BES (p = 0.022). The AEBS-p demonstrated good reliability and validity for evaluating addictive eating behaviors in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Queiroz Cardoso
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences - UFPE, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Tainah de Souza Costa
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, USP (University of São Paulo), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Maxwell AL, Gardiner E, Loxton NJ. Investigating the relationship between reward sensitivity, impulsivity, and food addiction: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 28:368-384. [PMID: 32142199 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to identify the extent to which reward sensitivity and impulsivity were related to food addiction. METHOD Forty-five studies, published from 2009 to June 2019, investigating reward sensitivity and/or impulsivity with food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale were reviewed. RESULTS Reward sensitivity, as measured by the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale, was positively associated with food addiction in two studies, but failed to yield consistent results in other studies when measured with the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales. Self-report impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), was consistently associated with food addiction, with attentional impulsivity and motor impulsivity the most consistent subscales. Similarly, food addiction was also consistently associated with Negative Urgency, Positive Urgency, and Lack of Perseverance as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Food addiction was inconsistently associated with disinhibition, as measured by behavioral tasks, indicating food addiction appears more aligned with self-report measures of impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS Research in this field is dominated by university student, overweight and obese samples. Additional research is required to further tease out these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Maxwell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elliroma Gardiner
- School of Management, QUT Gardens Point, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Pipová H, Kaščáková N, Fürstová J, Tavel P. Development of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 summary version in a representative sample of Czech population. J Eat Disord 2020; 8:16. [PMID: 32391149 PMCID: PMC7197132 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-020-00292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food addiction receives attention because of its participation in the rising obesity prevalence that affects the quality of life. The Czech Republic's prevalence of obesity belongs to the highest in Europe. METHODS We used the nationally representative non-clinical sample of 1841 respondents (N = 1841; 48,8% of men and 51.2% of women). Participants filled the sociodemographic questionnaire, Czech version of mYFAS 2.0 and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) to test the hypothesis. RESULTS Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the single-factor model of Czech version of mYFAS 2.0 had adequate fit indices (χ2 (55) = 9670.8, p < 0.001; CFI, TLI > 0.95; SRMR < 0.07; and RMSEA < 0.08). The sample reliability in our research corresponded to Cronbach's α = 0.89 (95% CI 0.88-0.90). The youngest population (aged 15-19) had a significantly higher score of mYFAS 2.0, than the older age groups. People living alone scored significantly higher than the married respondents. The middle-income groups scored significantly lower in mYFAS 2.0 than the lowest income group. Occasional (social) smokers showed a higher mYFAS 2.0 score in comparison with non-smokers. A difference regarding attachment styles has also been revealed, respondents characterized by insecure attachment styles showed a higher YFAS score. CONCLUSION The findings reinforce future work on the Czech version of mYFAS 2.0, including validation and using mYFAS 2.0 to explore food addiction and its related variables and attachment styles in the Czech environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pipová
- 1Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Institut sociálního zdraví, Univerzitní 244/22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Kaščáková
- 1Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Institut sociálního zdraví, Univerzitní 244/22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Psychiatric Clinic, Bratislava, Pro mente sana Slovakia
| | - Jana Fürstová
- 1Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Institut sociálního zdraví, Univerzitní 244/22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Tavel
- 1Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Institut sociálního zdraví, Univerzitní 244/22, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Brunault P, Berthoz S, Gearhardt AN, Gierski F, Kaladjian A, Bertin E, Tchernof A, Biertho L, de Luca A, Hankard R, Courtois R, Ballon N, Benzerouk F, Bégin C. The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Validation Among Non-Clinical and Clinical French-Speaking Samples and Comparison With the Full Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:480671. [PMID: 33033480 PMCID: PMC7509420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.480671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was designed to assess food addiction using a shorter version than the YFAS 2.0. We lack data about the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 in patients with obesity, as well as studies comparing the psychometric properties of the mYFAS 2.0 versus the full YFAS 2.0. This study aimed to validate the French-language mYFAS 2.0 in a non-clinical population (study 1, n = 250), to determine the yet unknown psychometric properties of this scale in patients with obesity (study 2, n = 345), and to compare the full YFAS 2.0 and the mYFAS 2.0 in terms of food addiction (FA) prevalence and symptoms detection in both populations. METHOD Study 1 included 250 non-clinical individuals (non-underweight and non-obese persons screened negative for eating disorders). Study 2 included 345 bariatric surgery candidates recruited in three centers (Québec, Canada; Reims and Tours, France). The mYFAS 2.0 structure was investigated using confirmatory factorial analyses with tetrachoric correlations. Convergent validity was tested using the full YFAS 2.0, the Binge Eating Scale (both studies), the revised 18-item Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (study 1), the Beck Depression Inventory (study 2), and the body mass index (BMI; both studies). RESULTS The mYFAS 2.0 was unidimensional, and had adequate (study 1: KR-20 = .78) and acceptable (study 2: KR-20 = .73) internal consistency. In study 1, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, BMI, binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating; in study 2, the mYFAS 2.0 had good convergent validity with the YFAS 2.0, binge eating, depression, but not BMI. Participants endorsed fewer symptoms with the mYFAS 2.0 than with the YFAS 2.0; FA prevalences were similar between questionnaires in the non-clinical, but not in the clinical sample. A FA 'diagnosis' and risk of binge eating disorder were associated but did not completely overlap. CONCLUSIONS The mYFAS 2.0 has close psychometric properties to the YFAS 2.0 in non-clinical and clinical samples. However, the use of the mYFAS 2.0 in bariatric surgery candidates might lead to a significant underestimation of FA prevalence and number of FA symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Brunault
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France.,Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPHE, INCIA, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, Paris, France.,Département de Psychiatrie de l'Adolescent et du Jeune Adulte, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fabien Gierski
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
| | - Arthur Kaladjian
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
| | - Eric Bertin
- CHU de Reims, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Reims, France
| | - André Tchernof
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Institut de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud de Luca
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Interne-Nutrition, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR 1069, Tours, France
| | - Robert Courtois
- Qualipsy EE 1901, Université de Tours, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, CRIAVS, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Ballon
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.,CHRU de Tours, Service d'Addictologie Universitaire, Équipe de Liaison et de Soins en Addictologie, Tours, France
| | - Farid Benzerouk
- CHU de Reims, Pôle de Psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France.,Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), laboratoire C2S (EA 6291), Reims, France
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27
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Meule A, Gearhardt AN. Ten Years of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: a Review of Version 2.0. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Psychometric properties of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0 in an Italian non-clinical sample. Eat Weight Disord 2019; 24:37-45. [PMID: 30414076 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0607-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the dimensionality and psychometric properties of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) in an Italian non-clinical sample. METHODS 262 adults (184 women) were administered the Italian versions of the mYFAS 2.0, and questionnaires measuring binge eating severity, anxiety and depression symptoms, and emotional dysregulation. RESULTS 15 individuals (5.7%) met the criteria for a diagnosis of food addiction according to the mYFAS 2.0. Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis supported a single-factor solution for the mYFAS 2.0. The mYFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Ordinal α = 0.91), and convergent validity with binge eating severity (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), both anxiety (r = 0.31, p < 0.001) and depressive (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) symptoms, and difficulties in emotion regulation (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). Finally, both discriminant validity with dietary restraint (Gamma = 0.11; p = 0.52) and incremental validity in predicting binge eating severity over emotion dysregulation and psychopathology (b = 0.52; t = 11.11; p < 0.001) were confirmed. CONCLUSIONS The Italian mYFAS 2.0 has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be used as a brief instrument for the assessment of addictive eating behaviors when time constraints prevent the use of the original version. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Fernandez-Aranda F, Karwautz A, Treasure J. Food addiction: A transdiagnostic construct of increasing interest. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 26:536-540. [PMID: 30338592 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fernandez-Aranda
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Eating Disorders Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet Treasure
- Psychological Medicine Department, King's College and Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
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