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He J, Kurita K, Yoshida T, Matsumoto K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. Comparisons of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and functional connectivity in major depressive disorder and social anxiety disorder: A resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:425-436. [PMID: 39004312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies comparing the brain functions of major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) at the regional and network levels remain scarce. This study aimed to elucidate their pathogenesis using neuroimaging techniques and explore biomarkers that can differentiate these disorders. METHODS Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 48 patients with MDD, 41 patients with SAD, and 82 healthy controls. Differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) among the three groups were examined to identify regions showing abnormal regional spontaneous activity. A seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted using ALFF results as seeds and different connections were identified between regions showing abnormal local spontaneous activity and other regions. The correlation between abnormal brain function and clinical symptoms was analyzed. RESULTS Patients with MDD and SAD exhibited similar abnormal ALFF and FC in several brain regions; notably, FC between the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the right posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG) in patients with SAD was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, patients with MDD showed higher ALFF in the right SFG than HCs and those with SAD. LIMITATION Potential effects of medications, comorbidities, and data type could not be ignored. CONCLUSION MDD and SAD showed common and distinct aberrant brain function patterns at the regional and network levels. At the regional level, we found that the ALFF in the right SFG was different between patients with MDD and those with SAD. At the network level, we did not find any differences between these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbing He
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Kurita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tokiko Yoshida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Krsek A, Ostojic L, Zivalj D, Baticic L. Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9695. [PMID: 39273641 PMCID: PMC11396210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The research in neuroimmunomodulation aims to shed light on the complex relationships that exist between the immune and neurological systems and how they affect the human body. This multidisciplinary field focuses on the way immune responses are influenced by brain activity and how neural function is impacted by immunological signaling. This provides important insights into a range of medical disorders. Targeting both brain and immunological pathways, neuroimmunomodulatory approaches are used in clinical pain management to address chronic pain. Pharmacological therapies aim to modulate neuroimmune interactions and reduce inflammation. Furthermore, bioelectronic techniques like vagus nerve stimulation offer non-invasive control of these systems, while neuromodulation techniques like transcranial magnetic stimulation modify immunological and neuronal responses to reduce pain. Within the context of aging, neuroimmunomodulation analyzes the ways in which immunological and neurological alterations brought on by aging contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative illnesses. Restoring neuroimmune homeostasis through strategies shows promise in reducing age-related cognitive decline. Research into mood disorders focuses on how immunological dysregulation relates to illnesses including anxiety and depression. Immune system fluctuations are increasingly recognized for their impact on brain function, leading to novel treatments that target these interactions. This review emphasizes how interdisciplinary cooperation and continuous research are necessary to better understand the complex relationship between the neurological and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea Krsek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Leona Ostojic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dorotea Zivalj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Baticic
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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3
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Tian H, Wang Z, Meng Y, Geng L, Lian H, Shi Z, Zhuang Z, Cai W, He M. Neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in depression and cognitive benefits of exercise intervention. Behav Brain Res 2024; 476:115218. [PMID: 39182624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is associated with functional brain impairments, although comprehensive studies remain limited. This study reviews neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in depression and identifies associated activation abnormalities in brain regions. The study also explores the underlying neural processes of cognitive benefits of exercise intervention for depression. Executive function impairments, including working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility are associated with frontal cortex and anterior cingulate areas, especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Depression is associated with certain neural impairments of reward processing, especially orbitofrontal cortex, prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and other striatal regions. Depressed patients exhibit decreased activity in the hippocampus during memory function. Physical exercise has been found to enhance memory function, executive function, and reward processing in depression patients by increasing functional brain regions and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a nutritional factor also plays a key role in exercise intervention. The study documents neurophysiological mechanisms behind exercise intervention's improved functions. In summary, the study provides insights into neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairments in depression and the effectiveness of exercise as a treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Tian
- Department of Psychology, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, China
| | - Lu Geng
- Department of Psychology, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, China
| | - Hao Lian
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifei Shi
- Department of Psychology, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, China
| | - Zhidong Zhuang
- Department of Psychology, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, China
| | - Wenpeng Cai
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Mengyang He
- Department of Psychology, School of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, China.
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4
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Hen-Shoval D, Indig-Naimer T, Moshe L, Kogan NM, Zaidan H, Gaisler-Salomon I, Okun E, Mechoulam R, Shoval G, Zalsman G, Weller A. Unraveling the molecular basis of cannabidiolic acid methyl Ester's anti-depressive effects in a rat model of treatment-resistant depression. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:50-59. [PMID: 38704981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) stands as a significant cause of disability globally. Cannabidiolic Acid-Methyl Ester (CBDA-ME) (EPM-301, HU-580), a derivative of Cannabidiol, demonstrates immediate antidepressant-like effects, yet it has undergone only minimal evaluation in psychopharmacology. Our goal was to investigate the behavioral and potential molecular mechanisms associated with the chronic oral administration of this compound in the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) genetic model of treatment-resistant depression. Male WKY rats were subjected to behavioral assessments before and after receiving chronic (14-day) oral doses of CBDA-ME (0.5 mg/kg), 15 mg/kg of imipramine or vehicle. At the end of the study, plasma corticosterone levels and mRNA expression of various genes in the medial Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus were measured. Behavioral outcomes from CBDA-ME treatment indicated an antidepressant-like effect similar to imipramine, as oral ingestion reduced immobility and increased swimming duration in the Forced Swim Test. Neither treatment influenced locomotion in the Open Field Test nor preference in the Saccharin Preference Test. The behavioral impact in WKY rats coincided with reduced corticosterone serum levels, upregulated mRNA expression of Cannabinoid receptor 1, Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase, and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1, alongside downregulation of the Serotonin Transporter in the hippocampus. Additionally, there was an upregulation of CB1 mRNA expression and downregulation of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the mPFC. These findings contribute to our limited understanding of the antidepressant effects of CBDA-ME and shed light on its potential psychopharmacological mechanisms. This discovery opens up possibilities for utilizing cannabinoids in the treatment of major depressive disorder and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hen-Shoval
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - T Indig-Naimer
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - L Moshe
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - N M Kogan
- Institute of Personalized and Translational Medicine, Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - H Zaidan
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - I Gaisler-Salomon
- School of Psychological Sciences and the Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - E Okun
- Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Israel; The Paul Feder laboratory for Alzheimer disease research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - R Mechoulam
- Institute for Drug Research, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Shoval
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - G Zalsman
- Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - A Weller
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Kumar N, Singal P, Chakladar A. Novel intervention of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with somatic symptom disorder and its safety and outcome. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:887-891. [PMID: 37736227 PMCID: PMC10510644 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_65_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic Symptom disorders (SSDs) are characterised by the presence of persistent somatic symptoms associated with excessive thoughts, feelings and behaviours related to the symptoms. However, current treatment modalities are non-specific with modest effects. We aim to explore the safety and outcome of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation at medial Prefrontal Cortex in ten such patients. Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale were applied to ten patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder. 15 sessions of 15Hz TMS using a double cone coil with 2500 pulses/session were administered. All patients completed their sessions except one. Eight of the nine patients reported significant improvement with a reduction of 33%-80% from their baseline PHQ-15 scores. One patient reported significant adverse effects. Double cone coil TMS at medial Prefrontal Cortex appears to be a safe therapeutic intervention with potentially good outcomes in SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prakamya Singal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Chakladar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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6
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Dadario NB, Tanglay O, Sughrue ME. Deconvoluting human Brodmann area 8 based on its unique structural and functional connectivity. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1127143. [PMID: 37426900 PMCID: PMC10323427 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brodmann area 8 (BA8) is traditionally defined as the prefrontal region of the human cerebrum just anterior to the premotor cortices and enveloping most of the superior frontal gyrus. Early studies have suggested the frontal eye fields are situated at its most caudal aspect, causing many to consider BA8 as primarily an ocular center which controls contralateral gaze and attention. However, years of refinement in cytoarchitectural studies have challenged this traditional anatomical definition, providing a refined definition of its boundaries with neighboring cortical areas and the presence of meaningful subdivisions. Furthermore, functional imaging studies have suggested its involvement in a diverse number of higher-order functions, such as motor, cognition, and language. Thus, our traditional working definition of BA8 has likely been insufficient to truly understand the complex structural and functional significance of this area. Recently, large-scale multi-modal neuroimaging approaches have allowed for improved mapping of the neural connectivity of the human brain. Insight into the structural and functional connectivity of the brain connectome, comprised of large-scale brain networks, has allowed for greater understanding of complex neurological functioning and pathophysiological diseases states. Simultaneously, the structural and functional connectivity of BA8 has recently been highlighted in various neuroimaging studies and detailed anatomic dissections. However, while Brodmann's nomenclature is still widely used today, such as for clinical discussions and the communication of research findings, the importance of the underlying connectivity of BA8 requires further review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Dadario
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Onur Tanglay
- Omniscient Neurotechnology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Han X, Zhu Z, Luan J, Lv P, Xin X, Zhang X, Shmuel A, Yao Z, Ma G, Zhang B. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and their underlying neural mechanisms evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging-based brain connectivity network analyses. Eur J Radiol Open 2023; 10:100495. [PMID: 37396489 PMCID: PMC10311181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2023.100495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain modulation and rehabilitation technique used in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. rTMS can structurally remodel or functionally induce activities of specific cortical regions and has developed to an important therapeutic method in such patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides brain data that can be used as an explanation tool for the neural mechanisms underlying rTMS effects; brain alterations related to different functions or structures may be reflected in changes in the interaction and influence of brain connections within intrinsic specific networks. In this review, we discuss the technical details of rTMS and the biological interpretation of brain networks identified with MRI analyses, comprehensively summarize the neurobiological effects in rTMS-modulated individuals, and elaborate on changes in the brain network in patients with various neuropsychiatric diseases receiving rehabilitation treatment with rTMS. We conclude that brain connectivity network analysis based on MRI can reflect alterations in functional and structural connectivity networks comprising adjacent and separated brain regions related to stimulation sites, thus reflecting the occurrence of intrinsic functional integration and neuroplasticity. Therefore, MRI is a valuable tool for understanding the neural mechanisms of rTMS and practically tailoring treatment plans for patients with neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Han
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
| | - Jixin Luan
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Pin Lv
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xin
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
| | - Amir Shmuel
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Zeshan Yao
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Jingjinji National Center of Technology Innovation, China
| | - Guolin Ma
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing University Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University, China
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Noda Y, Fujii K, Tokura F, Nakajima S, Kitahata R. A Case Series of Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation Treatment for the Supplementary Motor Area Twice a Day in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Real World TMS Registry Study in Japan. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050875. [PMID: 37241045 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by patterns in which unwanted thoughts and fears are evoked as obsessions and furthermore, compulsive behaviors are provoked repeatedly, with a prevalence rate of 2% of the population. These obsessive-compulsive symptoms disrupt daily life and cause great distress to the individual. At present, OCD is treated with antidepressants, mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and psychotherapy, including the exposure and response prevention method. However, these approaches may only show a certain level of efficacy, and approximately 50% of patients with OCD show treatment resistance. This situation has led to the research and development of neuromodulation therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, for OCD worldwide in recent years. In this case series, we retrospectively analyzed the TMS registry data of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) therapy targeting the bilateral supplementary motor cortex for six patients with OCD whose obsessive-compulsive symptoms had not improved with pharmacotherapy. The results suggest that treatment with cTBS for the bilateral supplementary motor area may reduce obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with OCD, despite the limitations of an open-label preliminary case series. The present findings warrant further validation with a randomized, sham-controlled trial with a larger sample size in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Shinjuku-Yoyogi Mental Lab Clinic, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Kyoshiro Fujii
- Shinjuku-Yoyogi Mental Lab Clinic, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Fumi Tokura
- Shinjuku-Yoyogi Mental Lab Clinic, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Shinjuku-Yoyogi Mental Lab Clinic, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kitahata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Chang J, Guo B, Gao Y, Li W, Tong X, Feng Y, Abumaria N. Characteristic Features of Deep Brain Lymphatic Vessels and Their Regulation by Chronic Stress. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0120. [PMID: 37223470 PMCID: PMC10202180 DOI: 10.34133/research.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that a functional network of meningeal lymphatic vessels exists in the brain. However, it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels could also extend deep into the brain parenchyma and whether the vessels could be regulated by stressful life events. We used tissue clearing techniques, immunostaining, light-sheet whole-brain imaging, confocal imaging in thick brain sections and flow cytometry to demonstrate the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma. Chronic unpredictable mild stress or chronic corticosterone treatment was used to examine the regulation of brain lymphatic vessels by stressful events. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were used to provide mechanistic insights. We demonstrated the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma and characterized their features in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brainstem. Furthermore, we showed that deep brain lymphatic vessels can be regulated by stressful life events. Chronic stress reduced the length and areas of lymphatic vessels in the hippocampus and thalamus but increased the diameter of lymphatic vessels in the amygdala. No changes were observed in prefrontal cortex, lateral habenula, or dorsal raphe nucleus. Chronic corticosterone treatment reduced lymphatic endothelial cell markers in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, chronic stress might reduce hippocampal lymphatic vessels by down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C receptors and up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C neutralization mechanisms. Our results provide new insights into the characteristic features of deep brain lymphatic vessels, as well as their regulation by stressful life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhuang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science,
Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Moses TE, Gray E, Mischel N, Greenwald MK. Effects of neuromodulation on cognitive and emotional responses to psychosocial stressors in healthy humans. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 22:100515. [PMID: 36691646 PMCID: PMC9860364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological and psychological stressors can exert wide-ranging effects on the human brain and behavior. Research has improved understanding of how the sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axes respond to stressors and the differential responses that occur depending on stressor type. Although the physiological function of SAM and HPA responses is to promote survival and safety, exaggerated psychobiological reactivity can occur in psychiatric disorders. Exaggerated reactivity may occur more for certain types of stressors, specifically, psychosocial stressors. Understanding stressor effects and how the body regulates these responses can provide insight into ways that psychobiological reactivity can be modulated. Non-invasive neuromodulation is one way that responding to stressors may be altered; research into these interventions may provide further insights into the brain circuits that modulate stress reactivity. This review focuses on the effects of acute psychosocial stressors and how neuromodulation might be effective in altering stress reactivity. Although considerable research into stress interventions focuses on treating pathology, it is imperative to first understand these mechanisms in non-clinical populations; therefore, this review will emphasize populations with no known pathology and consider how these results may translate to those with psychiatric pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark K. Greenwald
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Suite 2A, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Potential Targets for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation on Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081112. [PMID: 36009174 PMCID: PMC9406113 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive brain stimulation seems to be beneficial for DPD patients. However, the sites used in previous studies were empirical. Exploring new stimulation locations via functional magnetic resonance imaging may improve the efficacy. OBJECTIVES The objective was to find potential locations for non-invasive brain stimulation on the depersonalization-derealization disorder. METHODS We explored the potential brain surface regions from three pipelines: pipeline 1: activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis (five studies with 36 foci included); pipeline 2: functional connectivity analysis based on DPD-network (76 subjects included); and pipeline 3: functional connectivity analysis based on DPD regions of interest from the meta-analysis. Potential targets were the 10-20 system coordinates for brain surface regions. RESULTS We identified several potential brain surface regions, including the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, superior parietal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex as potential sites. CONCLUSION Our findings of the potential stimulation targets might help clinicians optimize the application of non-invasive brain stimulation therapy in individuals with DPD.
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Roig-Herrero A, Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Hernández-García M, de Luis-García R, Fernández-Linsenbarth I, Beño-Ruiz-de-la-Sierra RM, Molina V. Default mode network components and its relationship with anomalous self-experiences in schizophrenia: A rs-fMRI exploratory study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 324:111495. [PMID: 35635932 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anomalous self-experiences (ASEs) in schizophrenia have been under research for the last 20 years. However, no neuroimage studies have provided insight of the possible biological underpinning of ASEs. In this novel approach, the connectivity within the default mode network, calculated through a ROI-based analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, was correlated to the ASEs scores assessed by the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE) in a sample of 22 schizophrenia patients. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between IPASE scores and intrahemispheric connectivity of the parahippocampal gyrus with the isthmus cingulate cortex in both hemispheres, and right parahippocampal gyrus with the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex were positive and significant suggesting a relation between hyperactive functional connectivity and anomalous self-experiences intensity. Prior literature reported these areas to have a role in self-processing and consciousness as well as being anatomically connected. Further research with larger sample size and comparison with controls are needed to confirm the relationship of this connectivity with anomalous self-experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vicente Molina
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Psychiatry Service, Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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13
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Marques RC, Marques D, Vieira L, Cantilino A. Left frontal pole repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces cigarette cue-reactivity in correlation with verbal memory performance. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109450. [PMID: 35487078 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although left frontal pole (LFP) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been recently investigated for the treatment of different substance use disorders, there is no current evidence that it can effectively influence craving or clinical outcomes in smokers. A single session of 1 Hz rTMS over LFP is proposed to explore short-term effects of this protocol in tobacco use disorder. METHODS A pilot randomized trial compared 1 Hz rTMS of the LFP (n = 12) and primary motor cortex (n = 12) in a high-craving, severe nicotine dependence population (9 females, 15 males). A cigarette cue-reactivity paradigm with smoking-related and neutral visual stimuli was used for primary outcome measures. Chronic craving, dependence severity, impulsivity and cognitive measures were also obtained. RESULTS Compared to baseline, LFP rTMS significantly reduced cue-reactivity to both smoking-related and neutral cue types, while no change occurred in the motor cortex group. Reactivity to affectively neutral pictures was significantly reduced in the LFP vs. motor cortex analysis. There was one robust correlation between verbal memory recall score and reduction of neutral cue-reactivity. CONCLUSIONS LFP 1 Hz rTMS significantly reduced cigarette cue-reactivity. Association of change in cue-reactivity with verbal memory performance suggests a relationship between craving experiences and declarative memory systems that seems relevant to rTMS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Marques
- Singular - Psychiatry and Neuromodulation Clinic, Recife, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
| | - Deborah Marques
- Singular - Psychiatry and Neuromodulation Clinic, Recife, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vieira
- Singular - Psychiatry and Neuromodulation Clinic, Recife, Brazil
| | - Amaury Cantilino
- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
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14
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Leuchter MK, Rosenberg BM, Schapira G, Wong NR, Leuchter AF, McGlade AL, Krantz DE, Ginder ND, Lee JC, Wilke SA, Tadayonnejad R, Levitt J, Marder KG, Craske MG, Iacoboni M. Treatment of Spider Phobia Using Repeated Exposures and Adjunctive Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:823158. [PMID: 35370840 PMCID: PMC8965447 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.823158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific phobias represent the largest category of anxiety disorders. Previous work demonstrated that stimulating the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) with repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) may improve response to exposure therapy for acrophobia. OBJECTIVE To examine feasibility of accelerating extinction learning in subjects with spider phobia using intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) rTMS of vmPFC. METHODS In total, 17 subjects with spider phobia determined by spider phobia questionnaires [Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) and Fear of Spiders questionnaire (FSQ)] underwent ratings of fear of spiders as well as behavioral and skin conductance data during a behavioral avoidance test (BAT). Subjects then received a sequential protocol of in vivo spider exposure followed by iTBS for three sessions administered to either active or control treatment sites (vmPFC [n = 8] or vertex [n = 9], respectively), followed 1 week later by repetition of questionnaires and BAT. RESULTS All subjects improved significantly regardless of group across both questionnaires (FSQ η2 = 0.43, p = 0.004; SPQ η2 = 0.39, p = 0.008) and skin conductance levels during BAT (Wald χ2 = 30.9, p < 0.001). Subjects in the vmPFC group tolerated lower treatment intensity than in the control group, and there was a significant correlation between treatment intensity, BAT subjective distress improvement, and physiologic measures (all ρ > 0.5). CONCLUSION This proof-of-concept study provides preliminary evidence that a sequential exposure and iTBS over vmPFC is feasible and may have rTMS intensity-dependent effects on treatment outcomes, providing evidence for future areas of study in the use of rTMS for phobias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin M Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Giuditta Schapira
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicole R Wong
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anastasia L McGlade
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David E Krantz
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nathaniel D Ginder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan C Lee
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Scott A Wilke
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Reza Tadayonnejad
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Levitt
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katharine G Marder
- TMS Clinical and Research Program, Neuromodulation Division, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marco Iacoboni
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT ÖSTERREICHISCHER NERVENÄRZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2021; 35:192-198. [PMID: 34611847 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-021-00403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common disabling psychiatric disorder. Considering the lack of an acceptable treatment response in many patients, several efforts have been made to increase the efficacy of therapy. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the supplementary motor area in the treatment of patients with drug-resistant OCD and examine changes in brain function. METHODS This quasi-experimental study was performed on 12 patients who were referred to outpatient clinics of Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital and were diagnosed with OCD according to the clinical and diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). All patients received 20 rTMS sessions in their right supplementary motor region. Main outcomes were assessed using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) before and after the intervention. In addition, Y‑BOCS was completed after 10 rTMS sessions and after the 6‑week follow-up. Data were analyzed with SPSS. RESULTS Ten of 12 patients completed this study, of whom 7 (70%) were female. The mean age was 36.66 ± 10.28 years. Y‑BOCS overall score significantly decreased over time during the course of study compared to baseline (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in beta wave activity of the parietal and occipital regions was seen in posttreatment qEEG, compared with baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS rTMS over the supplementary motor area at 20 sessions could effectively improve Y‑BOCS score and decrease beta wave activity in parietal and occipital regions. Further studies are needed to approve these findings in a controlled design.
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16
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Tamura JK, Carvalho IP, Leanna LMW, Feng JN, Rosenblat JD, Mansur R, Lee Y, Cha DS, Teopiz K, Ahmad Z, Nasri F, Kim J, McIntyre RS. Management of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. CNS Spectr 2021:1-22. [PMID: 33706820 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is common in bipolar disorder and is emerging as a therapeutic target to enhance quality of life and function. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane, clinicaltrials.gov, and Embase databases for blinded or open-label randomized controlled trials evaluating the pro-cognitive effects of pharmacological, neurostimulation, or psychological interventions for bipolar disorder. Twenty-two trials were identified, evaluating a total of 16 different pro-cognitive interventions. The methodological quality of the identified trials were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Currently, no intervention (i.e., pharmacologic, neurostimulation, cognitive remediation) has demonstrated robust and independent pro-cognitive effects in adults with bipolar disorder. Findings are preliminary and methodological limitations limit the interpretation of results. Methodological considerations including, but not limited to, the enrichment with populations with pre-treatment cognitive impairment, as well as the inclusion of individuals who are in remission are encouraged. Future trials may also consider targeting interventions to specific cognitive subgroups and the use of biomarkers of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn K Tamura
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle P Carvalho
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lui M W Leanna
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jia Nuo Feng
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle S Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayla Teopiz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zara Ahmad
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiin Kim
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Zong X, Li Y, Liu C, Qi W, Han D, Tucker L, Dong Y, Hu S, Yan X, Zhang Q. Theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes stroke recovery by vascular protection and neovascularization. Theranostics 2020; 10:12090-12110. [PMID: 33204331 PMCID: PMC7667689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The integrity and function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is compromised after stroke. The current study was performed to examine potential beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on angiogenesis and vascular protection, function, and repair following stroke, which are largely unknown. Methods: Using a rat photothrombotic (PT) stroke model, continuous theta-burst rTMS was administered once daily to the infarcted hemisphere for 5 min, beginning 3 h after PT stroke. This treatment was applied for 6 days. BBB integrity, blood flow, vascular associated proteins, angiogenesis, integrity of neuronal morphology and structure, and behavioral outcome were measured and analyzed at 6 and/or 22 days after PT stroke. Results: We report that rTMS significantly mitigated BBB permeabilization and preserved important BBB components ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin, and caveolin-1 from PT-induced degradation. Damage to vascular structure, morphology, and perfusion was ameliorated by rTMS, resulting in improved local tissue oxygenation. This was accompanied with robust protection of critical vascular components and upregulation of regulatory factors. A complex cytokine response was induced by PT, particularly at the late phase. Application of rTMS modulated this response, ameliorating levels of cytokines related to peripheral immune cell infiltration. Further investigation revealed that rTMS promoted and sustained post-ischemic angiogenesis long-term and reduced apoptosis of newborn and existing vascular endothelial cells. Application of rTMS also inhibited PT-induced excessive astrocyte-vasculature interactions and stimulated an A1 to A2 shift in vessel-associated astrocytes. Mechanistic studies revealed that rTMS dramatically increased levels of PDGFRβ associated with A2 astrocytes and their adjacent vasculature. As well, A2 astrocytes displayed marked amplification of the angiogenesis-related factors VEGF and TGFβ. PT induced a rise in vessel-associated expression of HIF-1α that was starkly intensified by rTMS treatment. Finally, rTMS preserved neuronal morphology, synaptic structure integrity and behavioral outcome. Conclusions: These results indicate that rTMS can exert powerful protective and restorative effects on the peri-infarct microvasculature after PT stroke by, in part, promoting HIF-1α signaling and shifting vessel-associated astrocytic polarization to the A2 phenotype. This study provides further support for the potent protective effects of rTMS in the context of ischemic stroke, and these findings implicate vascular repair and protection as an important underlying phenomenon.
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18
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Cheng B, Qi X, Liang C, Zhang L, Ma M, Li P, Liu L, Cheng S, Yao Y, Chu X, Ye J, Wen Y, Jia Y, Zhang F. Integrative Genomic Enrichment Analysis Identified the Brain Regions and Development Stages Related to Anorexia Nervosa and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6481-6489. [PMID: 32770201 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to explore the spatial and temporal features of anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) considering different brain regions and development stages. The gene sets related to 16 brain regions and nine development stages were obtained from a brain spatial and temporal transcriptomic dataset. Using the genome-wide association study data, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted to identify the genes whose imputed expressions were associated with AN and OCD, respectively. The mRNA expression profiles were analyzed by GEO2R to obtain differentially expressed genes. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted to detect the spatial and temporal features related to AN and OCD using the TWAS and mRNA expression analysis results. We observed multiple common association signals shared by TWAS and mRNA expression analysis of AN, such as the primary auditory cortex vs. cerebellar cortex in fetal development and earlier vs. later fetal development in the somatosensory cortex. For OCD, we also detected multiple common association signals, such as medial prefrontal cortex vs. amygdala in adulthood and fetal development vs. infancy in mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus. Our study provides novel clues for describing the spatial and temporal features of brain development in the pathogenesis of AN and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
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Double Trouble: Treatment Considerations for Patients with Comorbid PTSD and Depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-020-00213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Marques RC, Cantilino A, Zangen A. Comment on “Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review”. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2020; 42:109-110. [PMID: 32022167 PMCID: PMC6986491 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Borrione L, Brunoni AR. Precision noninvasive brain stimulation: is it precise? Is it needed? BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2019; 41:376-377. [PMID: 31644777 PMCID: PMC6796823 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2019-4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Borrione
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre R Brunoni
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM27), Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBioN), USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário, USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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