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Dai J, Chen K, Zhu Y, Xia L, Wang T, Yuan Z, Zeng P. Identifying risk loci for obsessive-compulsive disorder and shared genetic component with schizophrenia: A large-scale multi-trait association analysis with summary statistics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110906. [PMID: 38043635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to limited samples, no genetic loci have been identified for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in genome-wide association studies. Additionally, although co-morbidities between OCD and schizophrenia (SCZ) were observed, their common genetic etiology was not completely known. Here, we conducted a comprehensive investigation regarding the genetic architecture of OCD and the common genetic foundation shared by OCD and SCZ using summary statistics data (2688 cases and 7037 controls for OCD; 53,386 cases and 77,258 controls for SCZ). We discovered significant genetic correlation between OCD and SCZ (r̂g=0.296, P = 2.82 × 10-11). We then performed two multi-trait association analyses to detect OCD-associated loci and colocalization analysis to detect causal variants. Parallel gene-level analyses were also implemented. We identified 323 OCD-relevant variants located within 12 loci, with four loci shared the same causal variants between OCD and SCZ. Further, the gene-level analyses discovered 8 OCD-associated genes. Finally, multiple functional analyses at both SNP and gene levels showed that these genetic association signals had significant enrichments in the regions of left ventricle and anterior cingulate cortex, and suggested an important role of pathways involving regulation of telomere maintenance, histone phosphorylation, and GnRH secretion. Overall, this study identified new genetic loci for OCD and provided substantial evidence supporting common genetic foundation underlying OCD and SCZ. The findings advanced our understanding of genetic architecture and pathophysiology of OCD as well as shedding light on shared genetic etiology of the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Keying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yiyang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhongshang Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Xuzhou Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
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Bendriss G, MacDonald R, McVeigh C. Microbial Reprogramming in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders: A Review of Gut-Brain Communication and Emerging Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11978. [PMID: 37569349 PMCID: PMC10419219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating mental health disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbial composition, has been associated with various health conditions, including mental health disorders, autism, and inflammatory diseases. While the exact mechanisms underlying OCD remain unclear, this review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting a potential link between dysbiosis and the multifaceted etiology of OCD, interacting with genetic, neurobiological, immunological, and environmental factors. This review highlights the emerging evidence implicating the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of OCD and its potential as a target for novel therapeutic approaches. We propose a model that positions dysbiosis as the central unifying element in the neurochemical, immunological, genetic, and environmental factors leading to OCD. The potential and challenges of microbial reprogramming strategies, such as probiotics and fecal transplants in OCD therapeutics, are discussed. This review raises awareness of the importance of adopting a holistic approach that considers the interplay between the gut and the brain to develop interventions that account for the multifaceted nature of OCD and contribute to the advancement of more personalized approaches.
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