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Zainal-Abidin A, Miptah H, Ariffin F, Razali S, Badlishah-Sham S. Association of coping mechanisms with medication adherence among young People living with HIV (PLHIV) in Klang Valley. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25740. [PMID: 38380003 PMCID: PMC10877255 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As young People Living with HIV (PLHIV) will need to take antiretroviral therapy (ART) for life, there is a need to understand their coping mechanisms in living with the disease. Lack of coping mechanisms leads to poor medication adherence and hospital follow-up, poor health outcomes and shortened life expectancy. Objectives This study aimed to determine the pattern of coping mechanisms in young PLHIV and its association with medication adherence. Methods This study was a cross-sectional study amongst young PLHIV patients (aged 20-39 years old) attending two HIV clinics in Klang Valley. Data was collected between February to August 2022. The pattern of coping strategies was assessed using the 28-item Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) questionnaire in English and Malay language, which was validated and found to have good internal consistency. Self-reported medication adherence was measured using the one-item Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Specific Adherence Scale. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, single and multiple logistic regression. Results A total of 395 respondents were recruited for the study. The mean scores for each coping mechanism were: 1) problem-focused coping 2.98 (SD 0.62), 2) emotion-focused coping 2.40 (SD 0.48), 3) dysfunctional coping 1.84 (SD 0.44) and 4) religion/spirituality coping 3.07 (SD 0.97). The majority of the respondents (66.8%) were adherent to their ART. Respondents who had a longer duration of medication [OR:1.014 (95% CI: 1.002,1.026)] and those who adopted less religion/spirituality coping mechanisms [OR: 0.495 (95% CI:0.246, 0.997)] were found to be significantly associated with medication adherence. Conclusion This study revealed an overall medication adherence rate of 66.8%. Patients with longer ART duration and who adopted less religion or spirituality coping had better medication adherence. These study findings provide input into the design of intervention by clinicians and healthcare policy makers for young PLHIV in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.N.I. Zainal-Abidin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah (HASA), UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H.N. Miptah
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah (HASA), UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F. Ariffin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah (HASA), UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Razali
- Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah (HASA), UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S.F. Badlishah-Sham
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia
- Hospital Al-Sultan Abdullah (HASA), UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dake S, Bonful HA, Ganu V, Puplampu P, Asamoah A, Arthur HA, Mwintuu L, Asampong E, Kretchy IA, Anum A. Coping strategies among adolescents and young adults living with HIV/AIDS in Accra-Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2350. [PMID: 38012649 PMCID: PMC10683146 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with HIV/AIDS is remarkably stressful and has an adverse effect on one's physical and mental health. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to an increased number of children with perinatal acquired HIV who are living into adolescence and adulthood. Developing strategies to cope with HIV becomes imperative, especially among these adolescents. The study determined the factors that influence coping strategies among adolescents living with HIV. METHODS An analytic cross-sectional design was used. A total of 154 adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV were systematically sampled at the Fevers Unit of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital from June to December, 2021. The adolescent version of the KidCope tool was used to assess the choice of coping strategies. Stata 16 was used to determine associations between independent variables and the coping strategies identified. Only variables that were significant at p = 0.1 or less in the crude model were used to run the adjusted regression model. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 19.2 ± 0.45 years with 51.9% (80/154) of participants being males. A majority, 57.1% of the participants employed positive coping strategies with 87.0% (135/154) using cognitive restructuring strategy. In an adjusted linear regression model, participants coping strategies were significantly associated with their educational level (p = 0.04) and presence of both parents as caregivers (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Participants largely adopted positive coping strategies in managing the disease. Factors that influenced the choice of coping strategies were higher levels of education and the presence of both parents as caregivers. The importance of a good social support structure and pursuing further education needs to be emphasized in counselling adolescents living with HIV as it promotes the choice of positive coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selom Dake
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Harriet Affran Bonful
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Vincent Ganu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Puplampu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alexander Asamoah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hannah Ama Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linus Mwintuu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Asampong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene A Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adote Anum
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Ibrahim K, Rahayuwati L, Herliani YK, Pramukti I. Health Care Needs Among People Living with HIV: The Implication of Continuum of Care. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:235-246. [PMID: 37229313 PMCID: PMC10204712 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s403510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus remains a major public health problem in Indonesia. People living with HIV (PLWH) have various health problems as result from disease progression that impacts their health care needs. This study aims to explore health care needs and to test the factors associated with health care needs among people living with HIV. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study design was undertaken with 243 respondents completing a self-reported HIV-Health Care Need Questionnaire. Participants were recruited using the purposive sampling technique from six HIV clinics in West Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple logistic regression statistical techniques. Results The majority of the subjects were diagnosed within less than 5 years and have been receiving antiretroviral therapy. Nursing care was indicated as the most needed, offered, and received care. Emergency financial assistance, legal services, insurance premiums, and nutritional intervention were perceived as gaps between needed and received. Characteristics such as age, educational background, having HIV manager, and income were significantly correlated to nutritional care (p< 0.05). Nutritional care was increased by 3.96% if PLWH having HIV manager (CI: 1.17-13.38, p< 0.05). Conclusion Addressing the gap between health care needs and health offered was important to ensure that care was received appropriately. Continuing assessment of health care needs can provide direction to deliver appropriate care and ensure a comprehensive continuum of care for PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusman Ibrahim
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Laili Rahayuwati
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yusshy Kurnia Herliani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
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Zainal-Abidin ANI, Ariffin F, Badlishah-Sham SF, Razali S. Exploring Spiritual and Religious Coping Among PLHIV in a Malaysian Muslim Community: A Qualitative Study. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2022; 14:409-422. [PMID: 36071888 PMCID: PMC9441580 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s371554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Increase in life expectancy of PLHIV has brought new challenges especially for young Malay Muslim men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malaysia. This country has strong religious and cultural roots that may pose as additional stigma and discrimination in the lives of PLHIV. Therefore, coping skills among PLHIV is important. Theories on coping strategies has shown that spiritual and religion are one aspect of emotional focused coping. The aim of this study is to explore the views on spiritual and religious (S/R) coping among Malay Muslim MSMs. Patients and Methods This was a qualitative study using in-depth interview. Eligible participants were recruited using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques via NGOs and online flyers. The narrative inquiry approach was used to understand the lived experiences of PLHIV and their coping strategies, particularly using S/R coping. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) Miner. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Interviews with seven participants yielded four themes. Ambivalence towards religion was experienced by participants at some point following their diagnosis. Using S/R as a form of self-reflection was identified. Having positive religious support from family or NGOs helped some participants to embrace religious coping rather than to avoid it, and relationship with God was an important aspect of religious coping. Conclusion Spirituality and religiosity can be a form of positive coping for PLHIV. This study suggests the need for S/R guidance as well as positive support from healthcare professionals and religious-based organizations for PLHIV. This can have positive effects towards handling of the condition, adherence to treatment and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiza Nur Izdihar Zainal-Abidin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Aiza Nur Izdihar Zainal-Abidin, Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Tel +6019 3308095, Fax +603 61268888, Email
| | - Farnaza Ariffin
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Maternofoetal and Embryology Research Group (MatE), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Badlishah-Sham
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Salmi Razali
- Maternofoetal and Embryology Research Group (MatE), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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D'Eça A, Dos Santos Rodrigues L, de Menezes HF, Noleto Dos Santos W, Lopes CT, da Silva RAR. Construction and validation of conceptual and operational definitions of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis "Ineffective health self-management" in people living with HIV/AIDS. Int J Nurs Knowl 2021; 33:169-179. [PMID: 34519447 DOI: 10.1111/2047-3095.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Build and validate the content of conceptual and operational definitions of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis of NANDA-I "Ineffective health self-management" in people living with HIV/AIDS. METHODS Methodological study, with a quantitative approach. The validation was performed by 26 specialist nurses selected through the Lattes do Brazil platform. The process followed two steps: (a) proposal of new defining characteristics to the Nursing Diagnosis "Ineffective Health Self-Management" and elaboration of conceptual and operational definitions; (b) content validation of the new defining characteristics of the Nursing Diagnosis "Ineffective Health Self-Management" and the conceptual and operational definitions. Data were collected between October 2020 and May 2021. FINDINGS The researchers included six defining characteristics as components of the diagnosis, adding to the 10 already existing in the NANDA-I version (2021-2023). Then, the experts judged these components and 13 defining characteristics were validated using the binominal test with adequacy ratio above 85% and p value <0.05. After this stage, the conceptual and operational definitions of these defining characteristics were constructed, validating them by the content validation index ≥0.80 by the expert nurses. CONCLUSIONS Three new defining characteristics for Ineffective health self-management were proposed and validated by specialists. Conceptual and operational definitions of the new and current defining characteristics were elaborated and validated for people living with HIV/AIDS. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The knowledge and study of the conceptual and operational definitions of nursing diagnoses can contribute to good nursing practices, assisting in the care and evaluation of nurses in the provision of care to people living with HIV/AIDS, and can avoid misunderstandings and inappropriate interpretations and can guarantee assertive clinical judgment. SEARCH TERMS Nursing diagnosis, validation studies, nursing processes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurean D'Eça
- Federal University of Maranhão, Nursing Department, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Harlon França de Menezes
- Federal Fluminense University, Aurora de Afonso Costa School of Nursing, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Takáo Lopes
- Federal University of São Paulo, Nursing Department, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Terminologia especializada de enfermagem no cuidado às pessoas vivendo com aids. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2021. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2021ao03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Coping strategies of family members of intensive care unit patients. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2020; 63:102980. [PMID: 33342650 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the coping strategies of family members of patients admitted to intensive care units. DESIGN A cross-sectional study developed with 70 relatives of patients admitted to the intensive care unit. SETTING An adult intensive care unit at a university hospital in Brazil. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Coping strategies were identified by the Folkman and Lazarus Inventory of Coping Strategies and statistically compared to the sociodemographic data of family members and patients' clinical data. RESULTS Coping strategies focused on emotion were the most used, especially those attributed to the escape-avoidance factor. There was a significant association (p < 0.05) between women and the use of adaptive strategies focused on the problem; less education and lower income with maladaptive strategies focused on emotion; second-degree relatives and the positive reassessment factor; participants involved in religious activities and the social support factor. Regarding the clinical variables, patients admitted to the intensive care unit for more than seven days showed an association (p < 0.05) with the social support factor. CONCLUSION Family members used adaptive coping strategies more focused on emotion. Additionally, the lower the educational and economic levels, the greater the use of maladaptive strategies focused on emotion.
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Controle ineficaz da saúde em pessoas vivendo com AIDS: análise de conteúdo. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2020. [DOI: 10.37689/acta-ape/2020ao0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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