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Nilaweera D, Gurvich C, Freak-Poli R, Woods RL, Owen A, McNeil J, Nelson M, Stocks N, Ryan J. The association between adverse events in later life and mortality in older individuals. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2023; 16:100210. [PMID: 37753199 PMCID: PMC10518669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stress can have adverse impacts on health, particularly when it is chronic or resulting from major adverse events. Our study investigated whether relatively common adverse events in older individuals were associated with an increased risk of death, as well as cause-specific death and potential gender differences. Methods Participants were 12896 community-dwelling Australians aged ≥70 years at enrolment into the ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) study and without known life-limiting disease. A questionnaire administered in the year after enrolment, collected information on ten adverse events experienced in the past year. Mortality status was verified by multiple sources including health records and the National Death Index across a maximum of 10 years. Underlying causes of death were determined using clinical information by two adjudicators. Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate mortality risk. Results Two of the ten adverse events were associated with an increased risk of mortality in fully adjusted models. A 69% increased risk of mortality was observed in participants who reported their spouse/partner had recently died (95% CI: 1.19-2.39, P < 0.01). Cancer-related but not cardiovascular deaths also increased. Participants with a seriously ill spouse/partner also had a 23% increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02-1.48, P = 0.03). There was a tendency for these associations to be stronger among men than women. Limitations Perceived stress and cortisol were not measured, thus limiting our understanding of the psychological and physiological impacts of adverse events. Conclusions Experiencing adverse events in later-life, especially the death of a spouse/partner, may be a risk factor for earlier mortality. These findings may increase public health awareness and better inform initiatives for particular groups, including bereaved men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinuli Nilaweera
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline Gurvich
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosanne Freak-Poli
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robyn L. Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nigel Stocks
- Discipline of General Practice, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Ryan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kuroiwa S, Kita K, Kuroiwa M, Minami S, Yamashiro S. Home and social role as factors leading to health maintenance among the elderly living in rural Japan: A longitudinal study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21763. [PMID: 37954324 PMCID: PMC10638028 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our study aimed to clarify home and social factors by gender that lead to maintenance of health in the elderly, such as taking care of others and having social activities. Methods A total of 14,712 and 14,799 respondents to the "Survey of Needs in the Spheres of Daily Life" conducted in Nanto City, Toyama Prefecture in 2017 and 2020, respectively, who were aged 65 years or older (recovery rate was 78.5 %) were enrolled. Of these, 4,322 people who answered that they did not receive long-term care in 2017 survey and who also responded to the 2020 survey or were confirmed dead by the time of the survey were included in the analysis. The status of health maintenance was the outcome and those who answered the 2020 survey saying they did not receive long-term care were defined as health maintained. Those who answered that they did receive long-term and those who died were defined as health lost. Results After adjusting for variables such as basic attributes, health status, and functional capacity, the elderly who had persons whom to they provided care (excluding long-term care) had health maintenance rate higher at 3 years than those who did not provide care or long-term care. In addition, the results showed that men who had job with income and women who participated in neighborhood associations had higher rates of health maintenance. Conclusion This study showed that older adults who take on roles at home and in society are more likely to maintain their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Kuroiwa
- Department of General Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kita
- Department of General Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, Japan
| | - Maiko Kuroiwa
- Department of General Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Yamashiro
- Department of General Medicine, Toyama University Hospital, Japan
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Jiayue X, Changsheng Y, Lixin S, Xiao Y, Wenjun Z, Chuanyong L. Urban–Rural Differences in Subjective Well-Being of Older Adult Learners in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:901969. [PMID: 35959043 PMCID: PMC9358789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.901969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging has brought great challenges to many regions throughout the world. Enhancing the sense of participation, access, and well-being of older adults is the goal of China’s aging development. This study, taking urban–rural difference as the entry point, examined the difference in subjective well-being between urban and rural older learners. A total of 2,007 older adults learners (n = 2007) aged over 50 years were recruited in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Shandong Provinces in China, including 773 rural older adults and 1,234 urban older adults. This study found that there was a significant positive correlation between senior learning and the subjective well-being of urban and rural older adult learners. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the subjective well-being of urban and rural older adult learners’ and there was also an urban–rural difference between the effects of older adult learning on the subjective well-being. Based on the above findings, this study reveals the mechanism of the impact of older adult learning on subjective well-being of urban and rural older adults and gives relevant suggestions for improving the subjective well-being of urban and rural older learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jiayue
- College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye Changsheng
- College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sun Lixin
- College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Sun Lixin,
| | - Yu Xiao
- College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Yu Xiao,
| | - Zhao Wenjun
- Institute of Elderly Education, Ningbo Open University, Ningbo, China
- Zhao Wenjun,
| | - Le Chuanyong
- College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Le Chuanyong,
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Geva N, Hermoni N, Levy-Tzedek S. Interaction Matters: The Effect of Touching the Social Robot PARO on Pain and Stress is Stronger When Turned ON vs. OFF. Front Robot AI 2022; 9:926185. [PMID: 35875704 PMCID: PMC9305613 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.926185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social touch between humans, as well as between humans and animals, was previously found to reduce pain and stress. We previously reported that touching a social robot can also induce a reduction in pain ratings. However, it is unclear if the effect that touching a robot has on pain perception is due to its appearance and its pleasant touch, or due to its ability to socially interact with humans. In the current experiment, we aimed to assess the contribution of the interactive quality to pain perception. We assessed the effect of touching the social robot PARO on mild and strong pain ratings and on stress perception, on a total of 60 healthy young participants. The robot either interacted with participants (ON group, n = 30) or was turned off (OFF group, n = 30). Touching the robot induced a decrease in mild pain ratings (compared to baseline) only in the ON group while strong pain ratings decreased similarly in both the ON and the OFF groups. The decrease in mild pain ratings in the ON group was significantly greater in participants with a higher positive perception of the interaction with PARO. We conclude that part of the effect that touching the robot has on pain stems from its interactive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirit Geva
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Netta Hermoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shelly Levy-Tzedek
- Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Shelly Levy-Tzedek,
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Moreno-Tamayo K, Juárez F, Manrique-Espinoza B, Mejía-Pailles G. The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mortality Among Adults Aged 50 and Older in a 12-year Follow-Up Analysis in Mexico. Res Aging 2022; 44:758-769. [PMID: 35332824 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221078972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Social relationships have a complex nature shaped mainly by two dimensions: structure and function. Previous research raised the importance of considering both features simultaneously given that they may operate differently. However, research on social relationships and mortality mainly refers to European and U.S. populations. This study examines structural and functional features of social relationships to understand social isolation among adults aged 50 and older in Mexico. In addition, we analyze that association with mortality, using panel data from a 12-year follow-up from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2003-2015). Results reveal that structural and functional features of social relationships are intertwined, and social isolation was shaped by two aspects that we label lack of socialization and being alone and feeling lonely. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and health variables, Cox proportional hazard regression models indicate that both aspects significantly increase mortality among older adults in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Moreno-Tamayo
- Epidemiological and Health Service Research Unit, Aging Area, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fatima Juárez
- Center for Demographic, Urban and Environmental Studies, 27738El Colegio de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico
| | - Betty Manrique-Espinoza
- Center for Evaluation Research and Surveys, 37764National Institute of Public Health, Mexico
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Yu Y. Thwarted Belongingness Hindered Successful Aging in Chinese Older Adults: Roles of Positive Mental Health and Meaning in Life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:839125. [PMID: 35282264 PMCID: PMC8907150 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.839125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of population has brought great challenges to many regions throughout the world. It has been demonstrated that interpersonal relationship is closely related to the experiences of aging for older adults. However, it still remains unknown how and under what conditions thwarted belongingness links to successful aging. This study examined the relationship between thwarted belongingness and successful aging and tested the mediating role of positive mental health and the moderating role of meaning in life. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 339) aged 60-75 years recruited in Chongqing, China completed self-measures of thwarted belongingness, successful aging, meaning in life, and positive mental health. Correlation analyses showed that successful aging was associated with less thwarted belongingness, better positive mental health, and higher levels of meaning in life. Positive mental health was found to totally mediate the negative effect of thwarted belongingness on successful aging. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed that two components of meaning in life (present of meaning and search for meaning) attenuated the indirect effect of thwarted belongingness on successful aging via positive mental health. This study highlights the protective roles of positive mental health and meaning in life and addressed cultural aspects in the process of successful aging among Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yu
- Department of Social Work, School of International Law and Sociology, Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing, China
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Thumé E, Kessler M, Machado KP, Nunes BP, Volz PM, Wachs LS, Soares MU, Saes MO, Duro SM, Dilélio AS, Facchini LA. Cohort study of ageing from Bagé (SIGa-Bagé), Brazil: profile and methodology. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1089. [PMID: 34098933 PMCID: PMC8182998 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bagé Cohort Study of Ageing is a population-based cohort study that has recently completed the first follow-up of a representative sample of older adults from Bagé, a city with more than 100,000 inhabitants located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This is one of the first longitudinal studies to assess the impact of primary health care coverage on health conditions and inequalities. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence, incidence and trends of risk factors, health behaviours, social relationships, non-communicable diseases, geriatric diseases and disorders, hospitalisation, self-perceived health, and all-cause and specific-cause mortality. In addition, we aim to evaluate socioeconomic and health inequalities and the impact of primary health care on the outcomes under study. METHODS/DESIGN The study covers participants aged 60 or over, selected by probabilistic (representative) sampling of the urban area of the city of Bagé, which is covered by Primary Health Care Services. The baseline examination included 1593 older adults and was conducted from July 2008 to November 2008. After eight to nine years (2016/2017), the first follow-up was conducted from September 2016 to August 2017. All participants underwent an extensive core assessment programme including structured interviews, questionnaires, cognitive testing (baseline and follow-up), physical examinations and anthropometric measurements (follow-up). RESULTS Of the original participants, 1395 (87.6%) were located for follow-up: 757 elderly individuals (47.5%) were re-interviewed, but losses in data transfer occurred for 22. The remaining 638 (40.1%) had died. In addition, we had 81 (5.1%) refusals and 117 (7.3%) losses. Among the 1373 older adults who were followed down, there was a higher proportion of female interviewees (p=0.042) and a higher proportion of male deaths (p=0.001) in 2016/2017. There were no differences in losses and refusals according to gender (p=0.102). There was a difference in average age between the interviewees (68.8 years; SD ±6.5) and non-interviewees (73.2 years; SD ±9.0) (p<0.001). Data are available at the Department of Social Medicine in Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, for any collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Thumé
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Marciane Kessler
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karla P Machado
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Nunes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pamela M Volz
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Louriele S Wachs
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariangela U Soares
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mirelle O Saes
- Post-Graduate Programme in Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Suele M Duro
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz A Facchini
- Post-Graduate Programme in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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