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Riedlova P, Tavandzis S, Kana J, Ostrizkova S, Kramna D, Krajcir L, Kanova T, Lastikova S, Tomaskova H, Roubec J. Changes in the Heart Rate of Sniffer Dogs Trained for Detection of Lung Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2567. [PMID: 37568930 PMCID: PMC10417766 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. At present, unfortunately, there are no markers that would allow early identification of this tumor in the preclinical or early clinical stage. The use of sniffer dogs has been reported to show some promise in early diagnosis of this type of cancer Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of utilizing changes in the heart rate of sniffer dogs (which increases when finding a positive sample) in tumor detection. METHODS This double-blinded pilot study included two sniffer dogs. A chest strap was fastened on the dog's chests for heart rate monitoring while they were examining samples and heart rate was recorded. Test parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) were then calculated, evaluating performances based on (i) the dog's indications according to their training and (ii) the changes in their heart rates. RESULTS Calculation according to the dog's indications revealed an overall sensitivity of 95.2% accompanied by a specificity of 81.8%, a PPV of 93.7%, and an NPV of 85.7%, respectively. These results were not significantly different from those evaluated by heart rate; heart rate monitoring was, however, burdened with a relatively high proportion of invalid experiments in which heart rate measurement failed. When the method of calculation was changed from rounds to individual samples, the test parameters further increased. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study confirmed the hypothesis that heart rate increases in trained sniffer dogs when encountering samples from tumor-positive patients but remains unchanged when only negative samples are present. The reliability of results based on heart rate increase is similar to that obtained by a dog's indications and, if the limitation represented by technical issues is overcome, it could serve as a valuable verification method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Riedlova
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (S.O.); (D.K.); (H.T.)
- Centre of Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Czech Centre for Signal Animals, 741 01 Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Spiros Tavandzis
- Czech Centre for Signal Animals, 741 01 Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Genetics, AGEL Laboratories, 741 01 Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kana
- Czech Centre for Signal Animals, 741 01 Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Ostrizkova
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (S.O.); (D.K.); (H.T.)
- Centre of Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Kramna
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (S.O.); (D.K.); (H.T.)
- Centre of Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Krajcir
- Czech Centre for Signal Animals, 741 01 Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kanova
- Czech Centre for Signal Animals, 741 01 Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Lastikova
- Department of Pneumology and Phthisiology, University Hospital with Polyclinic FDR Banska Bystrica, 975 17 Banska Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Hana Tomaskova
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (S.O.); (D.K.); (H.T.)
- Centre of Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Roubec
- Department of Pulmonary, Vitkovice Hospital, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
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Novák K, Helena C, Václav B, Ivona S, Marek K. Factors affecting locomotor activity of search and rescue dogs: The importance of terrain, vegetation and dog certification. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Orozco SC, Arias MP, Carvajal PA, Gallo‐Villegas J, Olivera‐Angel M. Efficacy of high-intensity interval training compared with moderate-intensity continuous training on maximal aerobic potency in dogs: Trial protocol for a randomised controlled clinical study. Vet Rec Open 2021; 8:e4. [PMID: 33981438 PMCID: PMC8109980 DOI: 10.1002/vro2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a more efficient method to improve exercise capacity than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) because of its greater physiological stimulus. OBJECTIVE The aim of this protocol is to evaluate the efficacy of HIIT on maximal aerobic potency in dogs as compared to MICT. METHODS This protocol is for a randomised, blinded controlled clinical trial, with three parallel groups for the purpose of demonstrating superiority. Thirty dogs aged between 12 and 84 months of both sexes and different breeds will be included. Dogs, before initiating and after finalising the training will perform an incremental exercise test on a treadmill to obtain maximal speed and lactate threshold; resting parameters of heart and respiratory rate, left ventricle chamber and systolic function will be measured. Dogs assigned to each intervention will endure a 42-min session of HIIT or MICT during 12 weeks. HIIT comprises four intervals of 4 min each at a load of 85%, alternating with a 4-min resting period. MICT group will have a continuous load of 60%. The control group will remain in a cage. An intention-to-treat statistical analysis will be implemented. Analysis of covariance will be used to estimate the effect of HIIT compared with MICT training on maximal aerobic potency, aerobic resistance, systolic function at rest, left ventricle chamber measurements and indexes, respiratory rate and HR at rest. CONCLUSION Significant time and effort are invested into training sports/working dogs, which could benefit from improving physical capacity by means of the HIIT methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia C. Orozco
- Biogenesis Research GroupFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínAntioquiaColombia
| | | | - Pablo A. Carvajal
- Servicio de CardiologíaHospital VeterinarioFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínAntioquiaColombia
| | | | - Martha Olivera‐Angel
- Biogenesis Research GroupFacultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínAntioquiaColombia
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Benito M, Boutigny L. Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment in Greyster Dogs in Bikejöring Training. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091635. [PMID: 32932929 PMCID: PMC7552292 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regular intense exercise is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy in some dogs engaged in different physical activities, but the cardiovascular response in dogs that routinely carry out aerobic exercise in the form of bikejöring (a form of dryland mushing) is unknown. The pre- and post-competition clinical examinations usually carried out in canine athletes include an electrocardiogram due to its diagnostic value, but some cardiac structural disturbances may go unnoticed at rest, especially in the early stages of disease. In our study, changes in systolic, mean and pulse pressure were detected after exercise, while diastolic blood pressure remained stable. Numerous changes in echocardiographic variables (LVFS-left ventricle fractional shortening, LVEF-left ventricle ejection fraction, EPSS-E-point to septal separation, CO-cardiac output, CI-cardiac index, PWd-posterior wall thickness at end-diastole and major/minor axis ratio) were also found. No association was found between the sex of the animals and the differences in the data. Our findings lead us to recommend theLVF introduction of echocardiograms for the clinical evaluation of canine athletes competing in this form of mushing. Furthermore, by including echocardiograms in clinical examinations during physical training, knowledge of the individual cardiovascular response after exercise can be improved. Abstract Bikejöring is a type of dryland mushing requiring high-intensity aerobic effort, with speed peaks close to 42 km/h. Greysters (crosses between the German Shorthaired Pointer and the Greyhound) often participate in such events and perform well. The objective of this comparative study was to evaluate the clinical use of non-invasive methods in assessing the cardiovascular health of 22 Greyster dogs in physical training, by determining the differences between different cardiovascular parameters before and after physical training. Blood pressure, heart rate and echocardiographic results were compared. The mean age of the dogs was 4.4 years ± 1.8% and 54.5% were female. All participating dogs regularly participated in bikejöring. Post-exercise increases were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MBP) and pulse pressure (SBPD), with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remaining stable. Changes of clinical interest were observed in numerous echocardiographic variables such as left ventricle fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricule ejection fraction (LVEF), E-point to septal separation (EPSS), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), posterior wall thickness at end-diastole (PWd) and major/minor axis ratio (MA/ma), including a decrease in the shortening fraction and an increase in EPSS after exercise. These clinical findings were observed in both males and females; they do not appear to be associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, but rather with a cardiovascular response to physical training. This study derives from the real interest of clinical veterinarians who care for highly trained canine athletes. It contributes to an increase in knowledge of the different cardiac adaptations of such dogs after intense exercise and serves to differentiate these from pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Benito
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Canine Sports Medicine Service, Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961-369-000
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