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Barros CHSC, Santos RP, Machado WM, Santos MM, Souza-Junior JBF, Matarazzo SV, Nogueira-Filho SLG, das N Snoeck PP, Silva AR. Impact of environmental variables on some reproductive metrics of white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) raised in Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107230. [PMID: 37054632 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on male reproductive physiology is essential for the development of effective conservation strategies. This study investigated the influence of environmental variables on certain reproductive metrics in white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) raised in the Atlantic Forest. After anesthetization, testicular and cauda epididymis biometry were evaluated in nine adult male individuals subjected to electroejaculation. Semen was evaluated for volume, pH, concentration, total number of sperm, sperm morphology, membrane integrity, and kinematic parameters. Concurrently, environmental variables were collected from the day before, for the previous 14 days (estimated for sperm maturation in epididymis), and the period of 51-55 days (corresponding to the spermatogenic cycle) before semen collection. Overall, it was observed that rainfall is the most important environmental variable influencing the reproductive parameters of white-lipped peccaries, being positively correlated with the amplitude of lateral sperm head displacement (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.05) and the appearance of proximal cytoplasmic droplets in sperm (ρ = 0.62, P < 0.05). In addition, the testicular biometry of the species is influenced by the set of environmental variables of air temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity (ρ ≥ 0.60, P < 0.05). On the other hand, epididymal biometric data showed numerous correlations between cauda epididymis metrics and sperm parameters (ρ = 0.68, P < 0.05). This information will be useful to improving conservation strategies for these animals, contributing to their management in captivity and to reintroduction programs, especially in the Atlantic Forest where the species is declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso H S C Barros
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz) - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Romário P Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - William M Machado
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz) - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Mateus M Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - João B F Souza-Junior
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Soraia V Matarazzo
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz) - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L G Nogueira-Filho
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz) - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Paola P das N Snoeck
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (State University of Santa Cruz) - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Germplasm Conservation, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Federal Rural University of the Semiarid Region) - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
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Bernardino T, Carvalho CPT, Batissaco L, Celeghini ECC, Zanella AJ. Poor welfare compromises testicle physiology in breeding boars. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268944. [PMID: 35617350 PMCID: PMC9135237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In commercial pig breeding farms, boars are often exposed to stressful situations, such as confined housing conditions, inadequate environmental temperature, food restriction, lameness, diseases, among other challenges. Confined housing conditions, such as crates, are reported as a major source of stress for pregnant sows, and were banned in the UK and in Europe, however there is limited information about the impact of this housing system for boars. The goal of this study was to investigate the impact of three different housing conditions for boars and the consequence on the testicles. We studied 27 crossbred boars (F1 large white and landrace), housed in crates (n = 9), pens (n = 9), or enriched pens (n = 9), during 10 weeks. We collected data of scrotal superficies mean temperature (SSMT) with a thermal camera; we measured testicular parenchyma perfusion (ultrasound evaluation); and we measured sperm characteristics. We found that boars housed in crates had a higher SSMT (p < 0.05) and higher testicular parenchyma perfusion than boars housed in pens and enriched pens (p = 0.01). Regarding the semen features, we found that boars housed in crates showed more agglutinated semen, and higher values of linear curved linear velocity (VCL) than boars housed in pens and enriched pens, both indicators of reduced fertility. These results indicates that boars housed in pens and in enriched pens showed better indicators of testicular health, better sperm motility features (VCL, p = 0.046), and less agglutinated sperm (p < 0;05) than that observed in boars kept in crates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bernardino
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
- Programa de Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária e Doutorado em Saúde Única, Universidade de Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Carla Patricia Teodoro Carvalho
- Laboratory of Semen Biotechnology and Andrology–Center of Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Batissaco
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Eneiva Carla Carvalho Celeghini
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Pathology of Reproduction, Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo José Zanella
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Lucca MS, Gianluppi RDF, Mellagi APG, Bortolozzo FP, Wentz I, Ulguim RDR. Effects of the classification of boars according to progressive sperm motility and the extender type on the reproductive performance of a single fixed-time insemination. Theriogenology 2020; 161:120-125. [PMID: 33310229 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the fertility of boars according to the resistance of their semen to storage using dilution in either Short- or Long-term extender for single fixed-time insemination. From a total of 32 boars, twelve boars were classified during three semen collection (one collection/boar/week) as Low- (64.5%) or High-preservation (83.9%) capacity for maintaining progressive motility (PM) at 120 h of storage using Short-term extender. After the selection period, six ejaculates (weekly collected) from the Low- and High-preservation boars were diluted in Short- or Long-term extender (2 × 2 factorial design) for insemination and evaluation of fertility. A total of 519 weaned sows were submitted to induction of ovulation with triptorelin (OvuGel®) at 96 h post-weaning. Twenty-four hours later, estrus sows were single fixed-time inseminated (FTAI) with semen doses from the different groups of evaluation. The SAS® software was used for statistical analysis considering the class of boar, type of extender, and interaction as fixed effects. The GLIMMIX procedure was used, considering a binomial distribution for total motility (TM) and PM, binary distribution for pregnancy (PR), and farrowing rate (FR), and the total born (TB) was analyzed assuming a normal distribution with the comparison of means by Tukey-Kramer test. An interaction of class of boars and type of extender was observed for TM and PM at insemination (P < 0.001). Long-term extender increased TM in Low-preservation boars, with no effect in High-preservation boars. The ejaculates from High-preservation boars diluted in Short- or Long-term extender showed higher PM at insemination (86.8 and 87.8%, respectively) compared to those from Low-preservation boars in Short- or Long-term extender (73.2% and 77.9%, respectively). There was no effect of the interaction of boar preservation class and type of extender (P ≥ 0.163) on PR, FR or TB. However, Low-preservation boars presented lower TB (14.1 ± 0.2) compared to High-preservation boars (15.0 ± 0.2; P < 0.01). The PR (93.3 vs. 90.1) and FR (88.8 vs. 88.2) were not affected by class of Low- or High-preservation boars, respectively (P ≥ 0.187). The type of extender did not affect PR, FR, or TB (P ≥ 0.440). In conclusion, Low-preservation boars impaired the reproductive performance of single-FTAI sows by reducing TB with no apparent effect on PR or FR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Schardong Lucca
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dal Forno Gianluppi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves Mellagi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivo Wentz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Rosa Ulguim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Faculdade de Veterinária, Setor de Suínos, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9090, CEP 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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