1
|
Huang X, Chen X, Xian Y, Jiang F. Anti-virus activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from medicinal herbs. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109205. [PMID: 38981321 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
There has been a sudden increase in viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), causing significant harm to human and animal well-being, as well as economic development. Medicinal herbs, with a history of thousands of years in clinical use, contain versatile polysaccharides as one of their primary compounds. This review offers an overview of the antiviral effects of polysaccharides from medicinal herbs on viruses in humans, poultry, swine and aquaculture in recent years. The mechanism of these antiviral polysaccharides, involved in hindering various stages of the viral life cycle thereby blocking virus infection, is summarized. The review also explores other underlying mechanisms of antiviral effects, such as enhancing the immune response, regulating inflammatory reactions, balancing gut flora, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing apoptosis through various corresponding signaling pathways. The structure-function relationships discussed in this article also aid in understanding the antiviral mechanism of natural polysaccharides, indicating the need for more in-depth research and analysis. Natural polysaccharides from medicinal herbs have emerged as valuable resources in the fight against viral infections, exhibiting high effectiveness. This review emphasizes the promising role of polysaccharides from medicinal herbs as potential candidates for blocking viral infections in humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China
| | - Xingyin Chen
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China
| | - Yuanhua Xian
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China
| | - Faming Jiang
- Faculty of Modern Agriculture, Yibin Vocational & Technical College, Sichuan, 644100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen Y, Wu S, Song M, Zhang H, Zhao H, Wu L, Zhao H, Qiu H, Zhang Y. The Isolation, Structural Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Neutral Polysaccharides from the Roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. Molecules 2024; 29:2683. [PMID: 38893558 PMCID: PMC11173581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides have been assessed as a potential natural active component in Chinese herbal medicine with anti-inflammatory properties. However, the complex and indefinite structures of polysaccharides limit their applications. This study explains the structures and anti-inflammatory potentials of three neutral polysaccharides, RIP-A1 (Mw 1.8 × 104 Da), RIP-B1 (Mw 7.4 × 104 Da) and RIP-B2 (Mw 9.3 × 104 Da), which were isolated from the roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. with sequenced ultrafiltration membrane columns, DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100. The planar structures and microstructures of RIP-A1, RIP-B1 and RIP-B2 were further determined by HPGPC, GC-MS, methylation analysis, FT-IR, SEM and AFM, in which the structure of RIP-A1 was elucidated in detail using 1D/2D NMR. The Raw 264.7 cells were used for the anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The results showed that RIP-A1, RIP-B1 and RIP-B2 are all neutral polysaccharides, with RIP-A1 having the smallest Mw and the simplest monosaccharide composition of the three. RIP-A1 is mainly composed of Ara and Gal, except for a small quantity of Rha. Its main structure is covered with glycosidic linkages of T-α-Araf, 1,2-α-Rhap, 1,5-α-Araf, T-β-Galp, 1,2,4-α-Rhap, 1,3,5-α-Araf and 1,6-β-Galp with 0.33:0.12:1.02:0.09:0.45:11.41:10.23. RIP-A1 significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, RIP-A1 could significantly inhibit the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and L-1β. It could also activate IKK, p65 and IκBα (the components of the NF-κB signaling pathway). In conclusion, the above results show the structural characterization and anti-inflammatory potentials of RIP-A1 as an effective natural anti-inflammatory drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Shihao Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Mingming Song
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Hong Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lili Wu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China;
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (Y.S.); (S.W.); (M.S.); (H.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pak U, Yu Y, Ning X, Ho C, Ji L, Mayo KH, Zhou Y, Sun L. Comparative study of water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from leaves and roots of Isatis indigotica Fort. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:642-652. [PMID: 35247423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from the leaves and roots of Isatis indigotica Fort., and their structural features were studied and compared. One neutral polysaccharide fraction (WFIP-N) and three pectin fractions (WFIP-A-A, WFIP-A-B and WFIP-A-C) were obtained from the leaves, and one neutral polysaccharide fraction (WRIP-N) and two pectin fractions (WRIP-A-A and WRIP-A-B) were obtained from the roots. WFIP-A-B (Mw = 34.6 kDa) and WRIP-A-B (Mw = 29.9 kDa) were the major pectic polysaccharides. Monosaccharide composition, FT-IR, enzymatic hydrolysis, NMR and methylation analysis indicated that both WFIP-A-B and WRIP-A-B are composed of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) and homogalacturonan (HG) domains with mass ratios of 1.5:1.0:0.4 and 0.3:1.0:1.7, respectively. WFIP-A-B and WRIP-A-B were found to be rich in RG-I and HG domains, respectively, and mainly contained type II arabinogalactan (AG-II) and α-L-1,5-arabinan side chains, but those in WRIP-A-B were more numerous and longer. Our results provide structural features and differences between these polysaccharides which will help to elucidate their functional differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- UnHak Pak
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - ChungHyok Ho
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Chemistry, Kim Hyong Jik University of Education, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Li Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wong LW, Goh CBS, Tan JBL. A Systemic Review for Ethnopharmacological Studies on Isatis indigotica Fortune: Bioactive Compounds and their Therapeutic Insights. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:161-207. [PMID: 35139772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isatis indigotica Fortune is a biennial Chinese woad of the Cruciferae family. It is primarily cultivated in China, where it was a staple in indigo dye manufacture till the end of the 17th century. Today, I. indigotica is used primarily as a therapeutic herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The medicinal use of the plant is separated into its leaves (Da-Qing-Ye) and roots (Ban-Lan-Gen), whereas its aerial components can be processed into a dried bluish-spruce powder (Qing-Dai), following dehydration for long-term preservation. Over the past several decades, I. indigotica has been generally utilized for its heat-clearing effects and bodily detoxification in TCM, attributed to the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, as well as lignans, anthraquinones, glucosides, glucosinolates, sphingolipids, tetrapyrroles, and polysaccharides. This paper aims to delineate I. indigotica from its closely-related species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis glauca) while highlighting the ethnomedicinal uses of I. indigotica from the perspectives of modern and traditional medicine. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PMC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for articles on all aspects of the plant, emphasizing those analyzing the bioactivity of constituents of the plant. The various key bioactive compounds of I. indigotica that have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-allergic properties, along with the protective effects against neuronal injury and bone fracture, will be discussed. Collectively, the review hopes to draw attention to the therapeutic potential of I. indigotica not only as a TCM, but also as a potential source of bioactive compounds for disease management and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen Wong
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen J, Zhu Z, Gao T, Chen Y, Yang Q, Fu C, Zhu Y, Wang F, Liao W. Isatidis Radix and Isatidis Folium: A systematic review on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114648. [PMID: 34543684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Isatidis Radix (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese) and Isatidis Folium (called Daqingye, DQY in Chinese) are common traditional edible-medicinal herbs in detoxifying for thousands of years, have been traditionally applied in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Both of them are bitter in taste, coolness in nature, acting on the heart and stomach channels. They are often used to treat influenza and other viral infectious diseases in clinic, as well as could treat fever, dizziness, and cough and sore throat caused by lung heat. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review aimed at summarizing the latest and comprehensive information of BLG and DQY on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity and clinical application to explore the therapeutic potential of them. In addition, outlooks and perspective for possible future researches that related are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Related information concerning BLG and DQY were gathered from the internet database of Google Scholar, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, GeenMedical, CNKI and Web of Science, as well as other relevant textbooks, reviews, and documents (e.g., Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2020 edition, Chinese herbal classic books and PhD and MSc thesis, etc.). Among of them with the keywords including "Isatis indigotica" "Isatidis Radix", "Isatidis Folium", "phytochemistry", "pharmacology", "toxicology", "clinical application" etc. and their combinations. RESULTS To date, 39 Chinese patent medicines containing BLG and/or DQY have been developed on basis of the data of NMPA. Besides, 304 and 142 compounds have been found in BLG and DQY, respectively. The main chemical differences between BLG and DQY were concentrated on alkaloids and lignans, such as indican, indirubin, (R, S)-epigoitrin, 4(3H)-quinazolinone, clemastanin B and isatindigotindolines A-D. In 2020 Edition ChP, (R, S)-goitrin and indirubin are now used as the official marker to monitor the quality of BLG and DQY, respectively. Modern pharmacology has mainly studied some monomer components such as 4(3H)-quinazolinone, clemastanin B, erucic acid and adenosine, etc., all of which have shown good effects. These active compounds can resist various viruses, such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, etc.. By regulating the level of immunity and a variety of inflammatory factors, inhibit the growth and reproduction of the virus. At the same time, it is worth noting that different components of BLG and DQY lead to BLG is more powerful in antiviral and immunomodulatory activity than DQY, while DQY possesses a higher intensity than BLG in anti-oxidant activity. CONCLUSION By collecting and collating a large number of literature and various data websites, we concluded that the common compounds are mainly alkaloids. Recent findings regarding the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of BLG and DQY have confirmed their traditional uses in antiviral, antibacterial and treatment immune diseases. Without doubt, their significant differences on ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology can be used as evidence of separate list of BLG and DQY. For shortcomings, some comprehensive studies should be well designed for further utilization of BLG and DQY.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qingsong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chaomei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Chinese Medicine Under Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Development of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents-Inspiration from Immunomodulatory Natural Products. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071257. [PMID: 34203182 PMCID: PMC8310077 DOI: 10.3390/v13071257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs remains an important issue as viral infections continue to threaten public health. Host-directed therapy is a method that focuses on potential targets in host cells or the body, instead of viral proteins. Its antiviral effects are achieved by disturbing the life cycles of pathogens or modulating immunity. In this review, we focus on the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that enhance the immune response. Some natural products present antiviral effects mediated by enhancing immunity, and their structures and mechanisms are summarized here. Natural products with immunomodulatory effects are also discussed, although their antiviral effects remain unknown. Given the power of immunity and the feasibility of host-directed therapy, we argue that both of these categories of natural products provide clues that may be beneficial for the discovery of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang F, Bi J, He L, Chen J, Zhang Q, Hou X, Xu H. The indole alkaloids from the roots of Isatidis Radix. Fitoterapia 2021; 153:104950. [PMID: 34089787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The root of Isatis indigotica is used as a traditional Chinese medicine (termed Isatidis Radix) due to its antiviral effects. We examined compounds isolated from Isatidis Radix and elucidated the structures of three new natural alkaloids, and we examined the possible mechanisms or active targets of indole alkaloids occurring in blood of rats treated by gavage. Three new natural products were isolated from Radix Isatidis for the first time, including 1-methoxy-2-indoleacetonitrile, 1-hydroxy-3-indoleacetonitrile, 8-Methoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline, and 4 compounds isolated from this medicinal material for the first time. Their structures were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance. The components of Isatidis Radix were analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and 33 compounds were detected in plasma of treated rats; 24 of these compounds were indole alkaloids, and they included the newly identified compounds. Molecular docking and in vitro antithrombin activity tests showed HA inhibition activity of indoleacetonitriles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225312, China.
| | - Jingting Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liwei He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225312, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
| | - Qiangzi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xianbang Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, Taizhou 225312, China.
| | - Huiqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang T, Wang X, Zhuo Y, Si C, Yang L, Meng L, Zhu B. Antiviral activity of a polysaccharide from Radix Isatidis (Isatis indigotica Fortune) against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro via activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112782. [PMID: 32217096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection frequently results in both acute and chronic hepatitis and poses serious threats to human health worldwide. Despite the availability of effective HBV vaccine and anti-HBV drugs, apparently inevitable side effects and resistance have limited its efficiency, thus prompt the search for new anti-HBV agents. The traditional Chinese medicine Radix Isatidis has been used for thousands of years, mainly for the treatment of viral and bacterial infection diseases including hepatitis. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, antiviral activities of a Radix Isatidis (Isatis indigotica Fortune) polysaccharide (RIP) were evaluated in vitro model using the HepG2.2.15 cell line and the underlying mechanism was elucidated with the aim of developing a novel anti-HBV therapeutic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structure features of the purified polysaccharide RIP were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis. Drug cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. The contents of HBsAg, HBeAg, intracellular and extracellular IFN-α level were measured using respective commercially available ELISA kit. The HBV DNA expression was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the relevant proteins involved in TFN/JAK/STAT signaling pathways were examined by western blot assay. RESULTS MTT assay showed that RIP had no toxicity on HepG2.2.15 cell line below the concentration 400 μg/ml at Day 3, 6 and 9. Furthermore, RIP at the concentration of 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml significantly reduced extracellular and intracellular level of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA in HepG2.2.15 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, RIP also enhanced the production of IFN-α in HepG2.2.15 cell via activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway and induction of antiviral proteins, as evidenced by the increased protein expression of p-STAT-1, p-STAT-2, p-JAK1, p-TYK2, OAS1, and Mx in HepG2.2.15 cells. In addition, the over expression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 was significantly abolished under same conditions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the HBV inhibitory effect of RIP was possibly due to the activation of IFN-α-dependent JAK/STAT signal pathway and induction of the anti-HBV protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Wang
- Infectious Disease Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Infectious Disease Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Ya Zhuo
- Infectious Disease Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Changyun Si
- Infectious Disease Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Gastroenterology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Gastroenterology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Infectious Disease Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Speranza J, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Ragusa S, Kwiecień I, Szopa A, Ekiert H. Isatis tinctoria L. (Woad): A Review of its Botany, Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities, and Biotechnological Studies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E298. [PMID: 32121532 PMCID: PMC7154893 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isatis tinctoria L. (Brassicaceae), which is commonly known as woad, is a species with an ancient and well-documented history as an indigo dye and medicinal plant. Currently, I. tinctoria is utilized more often as medicinal remedy and also as a cosmetic ingredient. In 2011, I. tinctoria root was accepted in the official European phytotherapy by introducing its monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia. The biological properties of raw material have been known from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Over recent decades, I. tinctoria has been investigated both from a phytochemical and a biological point of view. The modern in vitro and in vivo scientific studies proved anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antimicrobial, antiviral, analgesic, and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical composition of I. tinctoria has been thoroughly investigated and the plant was proven to contain many valuable biologically active compounds, including several alkaloids, among which tryptanthrin, indirubin, indolinone, phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides as well as glucosinolates, carotenoids, volatile constituents, and fatty acids. This article provides a general botanical and ethnobotanical overview that summarizes the up-to-date knowledge on the phytochemistry and biological properties of this valuable plant in order to support its therapeutic potential. Moreover, the biotechnological studies on I. tinctoria, which mainly focused on hairy root cultures for the enhanced production of flavonoids and alkaloids as well as on the establishment of shoot cultures and micropropagation protocols, were reviewed. They provide input for future research prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Speranza
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, V. Europa, IT-88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Inga Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (I.K.); (A.S.); (H.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Godoi AM, Faccin-Galhardi LC, Rechenchoski DZ, Arruda TBMG, Cunha AP, de Almeida RR, Rodrigues FEA, Ricardo NMPS, Nozawa C, Linhares REC. Structural characterization and antiviral activity of pectin isolated from Inga spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:925-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|