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Amorim AA, Soares EJ, Pires-de-Souza FDCP. Development and effect of orodispersible film incorporated with Biosilicate for remineralization of dental enamel subjected to cariogenic and erosive challenge. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35446. [PMID: 38932619 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the efficiency of incorporating Biosilicate particles (30 and 50 mg) into an experimental orodispersible film and its efficacy in the remineralization process of bovine dental enamel under cariogenic and erosive challenges. METHODS Ninety-nine intact incisors, devoid of cracks or fractures, yielding 198 samples (6 × 6 × 2 mm) via vestibular sectioning using a low-speed diamond disc under water cooling. After flattening the enamel surface with 600, 1200, and 2000 grit sandpaper, the samples were divided into two groups based on the challenges they underwent: cariogenic (0.1 M lactic acid at pH 5.0) or erosive (0.05 M citric acid solution at pH 2.3). Samples from each challenge were further categorized into 11 groups (n = 9) according to the duration of cariogenic (3, 7, and 14 days) or erosive (3, 7, and 10 days) challenge, along with positive control groups (fragments untreated with challenges and treated with different Biosilicate concentrations) and negative controls (fragments treated with artificial saliva for the same periods established for cariogenic and erosive challenges). Treatments with orodispersible films containing Biosilicate (30 and 50 mg) were administered for 2 min per day for 15 days. RESULTS The highest remineralizing potential was observed in samples treated with Biosilicate after 14 days of cariogenic challenge, irrespective of the concentration tested. For samples subjected to erosive challenge, erosion time did not affect Biosilicate's remineralizing potential. CONCLUSION Biosilicate shows promise in terms of remineralizing potential in enamel subjected to cariogenic challenge due to its ability to form hydroxycarbonapatite in mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Alves Amorim
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Soares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Lopes AG, Magalhães TC, Denadai ÂML, Carlo HL, Dos Santos RL, Munchow EA, Carvalho FGD. Preparation and characterization of NaF/Chitosan supramolecular complex and their effects on prevention of enamel demineralization. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106134. [PMID: 37742597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluoridated mouthrinse is indicated for individuals with high risk of caries. Chitosan (Chit) exhibits antibacterial properties, but little is known about its effects on enamel when combined with sodium fluoride (NaF) to form NaF/Chit supramolecular complexes. In our study, NaF/Chit supramolecular complexes structured as microparticles were synthetized and characterized, and their effects on human enamel were evaluated after cariogenic challenge simulating the daily mouthrinse use. Initially, NaF/Chit complex formation was investigated based on several titrations by measuring the zeta potential, electrical conductivity (κ), hydrodynamic diameter (Dh), viscosity (η) and heat flow (by isothermal titration calorimetry) against the molar ratio [NaF]/[Chitmonomer], which allowed us to identify the interactions between Chit-NaF with a stoichiometry of approximately 0.68. Spontaneous microparticle formation was observed. Samples of enamel blocks were prepared and divided into eight groups (n = 10/group): (i) 0.2% Chit; (ii) 0.2% NaF; (iii) 0.2% NaF/Chit suspension; (iv) 0.2% acetic acid; (v) 0.05% Chit; (vi) 0.05% NaF; (vii) 0.05% NaF/Chit suspension; and (viii) 0.05% acetic acid. Cariogenic challenge was performed in each sample by cycling in demineralization and remineralization solutions for 7 days. Before each demineralization cycle, the corresponding substances were passively applied daily for 90 s, even in groups with 0.02% concentration. After 7 days, samples were examined for Knoop hardness (KHN) measurements. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The 0.2% NaF and 0.2% NaF/Chit groups showed higher KHNpost-challenge values than the other groups. The 0.2% NaF/Chit microparticle suspension reduced the enamel hardness loss after cariogenic challenge as effectively as the 0.2% NaF solution and demonstrated potential for use in a formulation with anti-caries effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Gail Lopes
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Taís Chaves Magalhães
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângelo Márcio Leite Denadai
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda Dos Santos
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Federal University of Juiz de Fora. Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares Campus, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Chang Z, Ding N, Zhang Z. Formulating an altered dentin substrate to improve dentin bonding. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:744.e1-744.e9. [PMID: 37730466 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Secondary caries is a major factor in the failure of dental restorations. However, studies on the fabrication of acid-resistant and antibacterial dentin to improve dentin bonding are sparse. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of 2 types of fluoride-containing etchants on dentin bonding and explore the feasibility of formulating an altered dentin substrate to improve dentin bonding. MATERIAL AND METHODS NaF-containing and SnF2-containing etchants were developed by adding sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride to a 35% phosphoric acid aqueous solution. Two groups (N1 and N2) containing NaF, 10 and 30 mg/mL respectively, and 2 groups (S1 and S2) containing SnF2, 18.6 and 55.8 mg/mL respectively, were formulated. The etchant of the control group (C) was 35% phosphoric acid gel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), microhardness, antierosion, and antibacterial tests were performed on the treated dentin. Moreover, the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of each group was tested, and the fracture mode was determined after testing. Statistical analysis was performed with the 2-way ANOVA test (α=.05). RESULTS The exposed collagen fiber was observed in group C, and minerals were formed on the dentin in the experimental groups. SEM, FTIR, and the microhardness test indicated more remineralization in the SnF2-containing etchant groups. The µTBS of S1 (77.5 ±10.36 MPa) was the highest in all groups, and group C (38.5 ±9.01 MPa) was the lowest. Moreover, the antierosion and antibacterial properties of the S2 group were the best among all groups (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Compared with NaF-containing etchant, SnF2-containing etchant could improve the dentin substrate, increase remineralization, improve bonding strength, and enhance antibacterial ability, especially by increasing resistance to acid erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxin Wang
- Graduate student, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zijing Chang
- Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Ding
- Professor, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zutai Zhang
- Professor, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China..
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Xu VW, Nizami MZI, Yin IX, Lung CYK, Yu OY, Chu CH. Caries Management with Non-Metallic Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5809-5824. [PMID: 36474525 PMCID: PMC9719741 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s389038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-metallic nanomaterials do not stain enamel or dentin. Most have better biocompatibility than metallic nanomaterials do for management of dental caries. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to review the types, properties and potential uses of non-metallic nanomaterials systematically for managing dental caries. METHODS Two researchers independently performed a literature search of publications in English using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The keywords used were (nanoparticles OR nanocomposites OR nanomaterials) AND (caries OR tooth decay). They screened the titles and abstracts to identify potentially eligible publications of original research reporting non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management. Then, they retrieved and studied the full text of the identified publications for inclusion in this study. RESULTS Out of 2497 resulting publications, this study included 75 of those. The non-metallic nanomaterials used in these publications were categorized as biological organic nanomaterials (n=45), synthetic organic nanomaterials (n=15), carbon-based nanomaterials (n=13) and selenium nanomaterials (n=2). They inhibited bacteria growth and/or promoted remineralization. They could be incorporated in topical agents (29/75, 39%), dental adhesives (11/75, 15%), restorative fillers (4/75, 5%), dental sealant (3/75, 4%), oral drugs (3/75, 4%), toothpastes (2/75, 3%) and functional candies (1/75, 1%). Other publications (22/75, 29%) do not mention specific applications. However, most publications (67/75, 89%) were in vitro studies. Six publications (6/75, 8%) were animal studies, and only two publications (2/75, 3%) were clinical studies. CONCLUSION The literature showed non-metallic nanomaterials have antibacterial and/or remineralising properties. The most common type of non-metallic nanomaterials for caries management is organic nanomaterials. Non-metallic nanomaterials can be incorporated into dental sealants, toothpaste, dental adhesives, topical agents and even candies and drugs. However, the majority of the publications are in vitro studies, and only two publications are clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Wenqing Xu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christie Ying Kei Lung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Vitiello F, Tosco V, Monterubbianesi R, Orilisi G, Gatto ML, Sparabombe S, Memé L, Mengucci P, Putignano A, Orsini G. Remineralization Efficacy of Four Remineralizing Agents on Artificial Enamel Lesions: SEM-EDS Investigation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134398. [PMID: 35806523 PMCID: PMC9267358 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dental remineralization represents the process of depositing calcium and phosphate ions into crystal voids in demineralized enamel, producing net mineral gain and preventing early enamel lesions progression. The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the remineralizing effectiveness of four commercially available agents on enamel artificial lesions using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Thirty-six extracted third molars were collected and randomly assigned to six groups (n = 6), five of which were suspended in demineralizing solution for 72 h to create enamel artificial lesions, and one serving as control: G1, treated with a mousse of casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium−phosphate (CPP-ACP); G2, treated with a gel containing nano-hydroxyapatite; G3, treated with a 5% SF varnish; G4, treated with a toothpaste containing ACP functionalized with fluoride and carbonate-coated with citrate; G5, not-treated artificial enamel lesions; G6, not demineralized and not treated sound enamel. G1−G4 were subjected to pH cycling over a period of seven days. Analyses of the specimens’ enamel surfaces morphology were performed by SEM and EDS. Data were statistically analyzed for multiple group comparison by one-way ANOVA/Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The results show that the Ca/P ratio of the G5 (2.00 ± 0.07) was statistically different (p < 0.05) from G1 (1.73 ± 0.05), G2 (1.76 ± 0.01), G3 (1.88 ± 0.06) and G6 (1.74 ± 0.04), while there were no differences (p > 0.05) between G1, G2 and G6 and between G4 (2.01 ± 0.06) and G5. We concluded that G1 and G2 showed better surface remineralization than G3 and G4, after 7 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Tosco
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Riccardo Monterubbianesi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giulia Orilisi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Maria Laura Gatto
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU) & UdR INSTM, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Scilla Sparabombe
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucia Memé
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Paolo Mengucci
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning (SIMAU) & UdR INSTM, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.L.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Angelo Putignano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanna Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.V.); (V.T.); (R.M.); (G.O.); (S.S.); (L.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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