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Yamaguchi Y, Yoshii D, Katsuragi H, Shinkai K. Effect of Laser Irradiation Modes and Photosensitizer Types on Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) for Streptococcus sobrinus in the Crown Dentin of Bovine Teeth: An Experimental In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:59. [PMID: 38534283 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of different laser irradiation modes and photosensitizer types on the bactericidal efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Dentin plates were prepared by sectioning the crown dentin of bovine teeth infected with Streptococcus sobrinus (n = 11). Nine aPDTs involving the combination of three 1% solutions of photosensitizers (brilliant blue, BB; acid red, AR; and methylene blue, MB) and three irradiation modes of semiconductor lasers (50 mW for 120 s, 100 mW for 60 s, and 200 mW for 30 s) were performed for each infected dentin plate, and the control consisted of the specimens not applied with aPDT. The bactericidal effects in 10 groups were evaluated using both assays of the colony count (colony-forming-unit: CFU) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (relative-light-unit: RLU). The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). The most aPDT groups exhibited significantly lower RLU and CFU values compared with the control (p < 0.05). The effect of irradiation modes on RLU and CFU values was significant in the aPDT group using BB (p < 0.05) but not in the aPDT group using AR or MB. The aPDT performed with AR or MB exerted a remarkable bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Yamaguchi
- Advance Operative Dentistry-Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Daiki Yoshii
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsuragi
- Research Center for Odontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8159, Japan
| | - Koichi Shinkai
- Advance Operative Dentistry-Endodontics, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
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de Oliveira RA, Weissheimer T, Só GB, da Rosa RA, Souza MA, Ribeiro RG, Só MVR. Dentinal tubule penetration of sodium hypochlorite in root canals with and without mechanical preparation and different irrigant activation methods. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e1. [PMID: 36875814 PMCID: PMC9982243 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the dentinal penetration depth of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in root canals with and without preparation and different irrigant activation protocols. Materials and Methods Sixty-three bovine mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to 6 groups (n = 10): G1, preparation + conventional needle irrigation (CNI); G2, preparation + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); G3, preparation + Odous Clean (OC); G4, no preparation + CNI; G5, no preparation + PUI; G6, no preparation + OC; and CG (negative control; n = 3). Samples were filled with crystal violet for 72 hours. Irrigant activation was performed. Samples were sectioned perpendicularly along the long axis, 3 mm and 7 mm from the apex. Images of the root thirds of each block were captured with a stereomicroscope and analyzed with an image analysis software. One-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey post hoc test, and the Student's t-test were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. Results The NaOCl penetration depth was similar when preparation was performed, regardless of the method of irrigation activation (p > 0.05). In the groups without preparation, G6 showed greater NaOCl penetration depth (p < 0.05). The groups without preparation had a greater NaOCl penetration depth than those with preparation (p = 0.0019). Conclusions The NaOCl penetration depth was similar in groups with root canal preparation. Without root canal preparation, OC allowed deeper NaOCl penetration. The groups without preparation had greater NaOCl penetration than those undergoing root canal preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Aqel de Oliveira
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barcelos Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Albino Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Buonavoglia A, Pellegrini F, Lanave G, Diakoudi G, Lucente MS, Zamparini F, Camero M, Gandolfi MG, Martella V, Prati C. Analysis of oral microbiota in non-vital teeth and clinically intact external surface from patients with severe periodontitis using Nanopore sequencing: a case study. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2185341. [PMID: 36891191 PMCID: PMC9987744 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2185341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases include a wide range of pathological conditions, damaging the supporting structures of the teeth. Origin and propagation of periodontal disease is believed to be caused by dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria in the pulp cavity of teeth with severe periodontal disease with clinically intact external surface. Periodontal (P) and endodontic (E) tissue samples of root canals from six intact teeth of three patients were sampled for analysis of microbial population using Nanopore technology. Streptococcus was the predominant genus in E samples. Porphyromonas (33.4%, p = 0.047), Tannerella (41.7%, p = 0.042), and Treponema (50.0%, p = 0.0064) were significantly more present in P than in E samples. Some samples (E6 and E1) exhibited a remarkable difference in terms of microbial composition, whilst Streptococcus was a common signature in samples E2 to E5, all which were obtained from the same patient. In conclusion, bacteria were identified on both the root surface and the root canal system, thus demonstrating the possibility of bacteria to spread directly from the periodontal pocket to the root canal system even in the absence of crown's loss of integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buonavoglia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vito Martella
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Dental School, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Fiallos NDM, Aguiar ALR, Nascimento da Silva B, Rocha MFG, Sidrim JJC, Castelo Branco de Souza Collares Maia D, Cordeiro RDA. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans dual-species biofilm: establishment of an in vitro protocol and characterization. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:401-413. [PMID: 35655421 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2084612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is the most important agent of persistent apical periodontitis, and recently, Candida albicans has also been implicated in periapical infections. This study aimed to optimize an in vitro E. faecalis and C. albicans dual-species biofilm protocol for endodontic research. Different physicochemical conditions for biofilm formation were tested. Susceptibility assays to antimicrobials, biochemical composition and an ultra-morphological structure analyses were performed. Reproducible dual-species biofilms were established in BHI medium at 35 °C, for 48 h and in a microaerophilic atmosphere. An increase in biomass and chitin content was detected after vancomycin treatment. Structural analysis revealed that the dual-species biofilm was formed by both microorganisms adhered to the substrate. The proposed protocol could be useful for the study of interkingdom relationships and help to find new strategies against periapical infections.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the 1960s, there has been contradictory evidence regarding the association between periodontal pathology and the status of the pulp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes of pulp tissue with severe periodontal disease, including vertical bone loss involving the major apical foramen, and compared them with the histological pulpal status of teeth with healthy periodontium. METHODS This case-controlled study included 35 intact teeth with severe periodontitis of hopeless prognosis (test group) and 35 teeth without periodontitis extracted for orthodontic reasons (control group). For each tooth, periodontal and endodontic parameters such as probing depth and pulpal vitality were recorded, and the pulp tissue was evaluated histologically. The data were analysed with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS Vital pulp was observed in all specimens of both groups (P=1). Pulpal inflammation in the apical portion was observed in 81.71% of the severe periodontitis group, whereas all teeth in the control group demonstrated no signs of pulpal inflammation. Dystrophic calcification and pulp stones were observed in 7.5% of the periodontitis group and 5.7% of the healthy group (P>0.05). Pulp fibrosis was observed in 22.8% of the periodontitis group and 2.8% of the control group (P=0.012). Pulpal necrosis was not noted in either group. In the periodontitis group, internal resorption was present in 22.8% of cases (P=0.005) and external resorption was present in 80% of cases (P<0.001). In the control group, no internal or external resorption was observed in any of the specimens. No differences were noted in the study patients with regard to sex or age. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease does not significantly affect pulp vitality and pulpal calcifications. However internal and/or external resorption was significantly different between the two groups as well as apical inflammation and pulp fibrosis.
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Sun Q, Duan M, Fan W, Fan B. Ca-Si mesoporous nanoparticles with the optimal Ag-Zn ratio inhibit the Enterococcus faecalis infection of teeth through dentinal tubule infiltration: an in vitro and in vivo study. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2200-2211. [PMID: 33447835 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is the main cause of refractory root canal infections in human teeth. The control of root canal infection is one of the conditions necessary for the successful treatment of refractory root canal infections. In the present study, nano-scale silver-zinc-calcium-silica particles loaded with different ratios of silver-zinc were successfully prepared (Ag0.5Zn3-MCSNs and Ag0.5Zn10-MCSNs). The release profiles, antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, infiltration depth into dentinal tubules, biocompatibility and effects on dentin microhardness in vitro were investigated. In addition, the antimicrobial effects of the particles against Enterococcus faecalis reinfection were evaluated in vivo in the teeth of beagle dogs. Ag, Zn, Ca and Si were released from Ag-Zn-MCSNs, and the atomic ratio of silver and zinc released can reach the optimal value of 1 : 12 (Ag0.5Zn10-MCSNs). The particles also showed good biocompatibility and antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and did not reduce the hardness of dentin. The nanoparticles could be driven into the dentinal tubules of dentin slices by ultrasonic activation. In the root canals of beagle dogs, both Ag0.5Zn3-MCSNs and Ag0.5Zn10-MCSNs demonstrated strong preventive effects against E. faecalis infection. The Ag-Zn-Ca-Si mesoporous nanoparticles may develop into a new effective root canal disinfectant or root canal sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengting Duan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Seong J, Newcombe RG, Foskett HL, Davies M, West NX. A randomised controlled trial to compare the efficacy of an aluminium lactate/potassium nitrate/hydroxylapatite toothpaste with a control toothpaste for the prevention of dentine hypersensitivity. J Dent 2021; 108:103619. [PMID: 33647373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of a cosmetic aluminium lactate/potassium nitrate/hydroxylapatite toothpaste for the reduction of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) pain as compared to a control toothpaste containing potassium nitrate. METHODS The study was a randomised, examiner-blind, two treatment arm, parallel controlled trial in healthy adults with at least 2 sensitive teeth (Schiff >2). At baseline, immediately after treatment and at 7 and 14 days of twice-daily brushing of the test or control toothpaste the sensitivity of 2 test teeth was measured following iced-water (Schiff and VAS) and tactile (Yeaple probe) stimuli, and a whole mouth plaque score was obtained. Participants also completed a whole-mouth VAS and DHEQ15 quality of life questionnaire at baseline, 7 and 14 days. RESULTS Both toothpastes reduced DH in test teeth, but pain reduction in the test group was significantly better at all timepoints and by all measures (p = 0.005, tooth-level VAS immediately after brushing; p < 0.001 all other comparisons). There was a relative risk reduction of Schiff sensitivity of 55 % immediately after brushing which rose to 81 % after 7 and 88.6 % after 14 days (all p < 0.001). There were no differences in plaque, whole mouth VAS or DHEQ15 scores at any time point. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the efficacy of an aluminium lactate/potassium nitrate/hydroxylapatite toothpaste compared to a potassium nitrate control toothpaste for the prevention of dentine hypersensitivity both immediately and over a 2 week period. This agent appears to have potential for pain alleviation from the common oral pain condition of DH and further research is warranted. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE DH pain, whilst transient in nature, is arresting in magnitude, affecting quality of life. Daily application of efficacious toothpastes can relieve DH pain however, as yet, there is no gold standard treatment. The results of this study support further investigation of an aluminium lactate/potassium nitrate/hydroxylapatite toothpaste for DH management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Seong
- Clinical Trials Group, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | | | - Helen L Foskett
- Clinical Trials Group, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Maria Davies
- Clinical Trials Group, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | - Nicola X West
- Clinical Trials Group, School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
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Potential for direct application of blue light for photo-disinfection of dentine. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 215:112123. [PMID: 33454542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The direct application of light for photo-disinfection potentially provides a safe and novel modality to inhibit or eliminate cariogenic bacteria residing upon and within dentine. This study aimed to both; characterize the pattern of transmission of 405 nm light through molar dentine at different tooth locations, as well as, determine the irradiation parameters that are antibacterial for Streptococcus mutans under various growth conditions, including lawns, planktonic cultures, and biofilms. To determine the amount of light (405 nm) transmitted at different anatomical tooth locations; irradiance values were recorded after blue light (470-4054 mW/cm2) had traversed through occlusal, oblique, and buccal dentine sections; and three thicknesses - 1, 2 and 3 mm were investigated. To determine tubular density; scanning electron micrographs from 2 mm outer (dentine-enamel junction) and inner (pulp) dentine sections were analysed. For photo-disinfection studies; S. mutans was irradiated using the same 405 nm wavelength light at a range of doses (110-1254 J/cm2) in both biofilm and planktonic cultures. The inhibitory effect of the irradiation on bacterial lawns was compared by measuring zones of inhibition; and for planktonic cultures both spectrophotometric and colony forming unit (CFU) assays were performed. A live/dead staining assay was utilised to determine the effect of irradiation on bacterial viability in mature biofilms. Data indicated that increasing dentine thickness decreased light transmission significantly irrespective of its orientation. Occlusal and oblique samples exhibited higher transmission compared with buccal dentine. Oblique dentine 405 nm light transmission was comparable with that of occlusal dentine independent of section thickness. An increased tubule density directly positively correlated with light transmission. Irradiation at 405 nm inhibited S. mutans growth in both biofilm and planktonic cultures and a dose response relationship was observed. Irradiation at doses of 340 and 831 J/cm2 led to significant reductions in bacterial growth and viability; as determined by CFU counting and live/dead staining. Data suggests that phototherapy approaches utilising a 405 nm wavelength have therapeutic potential to limit cariogenic bacterial infections both at the surface and within dentine.
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Zhang A, Chen R, Aregawi W, He Y, Wang S, Aparicio C, Rudney J, Chew HP, Fok AS. Development and calibration of biochemical models for testing dental restorations. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:132-141. [PMID: 32289496 PMCID: PMC7244368 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, resin composites are the most popular materials for dental restoration in clinical practice. Although the properties of such materials have been improved significantly, together with better clinical techniques used for their placement, early restoration failure still occurs too frequently. As clinical studies take years to complete, and new resin composites are being produced at ever increasing pace, laboratory assessment using accelerated but representative tests is necessary. The main types of failure in resin-composite restoration are tooth/restoration fracture and secondary caries, which are caused by a combination of mechanical and biochemical challenges. In this study, a biofilm model (S. mutans) and a chemical model (lactic-acid buffer) for producing artificial caries in bovine dentin are developed and calibrated against in situ data. Using a power law relationship between the demineralization depth and challenge duration, scale factors that convert the in vitro durations to the equivalent clinical durations are determined for different pH values for each model. The scale factors will allow the synchronization of biochemical and mechanical challenges in terms of their rates of action to potentially test resin-composite restoration in an accelerated but clinically representative manner. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although the properties of resin composites for dental restoration have been improved significantly, early restoration failure still occurs too frequently. As clinical studies take years to complete, accelerated laboratory testing is necessary. Resin-composite restoration fail mainly through fracture and secondary caries, caused by a combination of mechanical and biochemical challenges. In this study, a biofilm and a chemical model for producing artificial caries in bovine dentin are calibrated against in situ data. Using a power law relationship between demineralization depth and challenge duration, scale factors are determined for different pH for each model. The scale factors will allow the synchronization of biochemical and mechanical challenges in testing resin-composite restoration in an accelerated but clinically representative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Ruoqiong Chen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Wondwosen Aregawi
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Yiting He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Joel Rudney
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hooi Pin Chew
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Alex S Fok
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB), School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, 16-212 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Zheng J, Wu Z, Niu K, Xie Y, Hu X, Fu J, Tian D, Fu K, Zhao B, Kong W, Sun C, Wu L. Microbiome of Deep Dentinal Caries from Reversible Pulpitis to Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod 2019; 45:302-309.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zeng C, Willison J, Meghil MM, Bergeron BE, Cutler CW, Tay FR, Niu L, Ma J. Antibacterial efficacy of an endodontic sonic-powered irrigation system: An in vitro study. J Dent 2018; 75:105-112. [PMID: 29908290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of EDDY, a new sonic-powered irrigation system, in reducing intracanal bacteria load. METHODS Thirty-eight instrumented, autoclaved single-rooted human premolars were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212) for 21 days. Two teeth were used as negative control without bacterial contamination. For the bacteria-inoculated teeth, 6 were used as positive control without irrigation. The remaining 30 teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups (N = 15), using 3% NaOCl as irrigant: (A) 30-gauge syringe needle irrigation (SNI), (B) EDDY (VDW, Munich, Germany). Twelve teeth per group and 4 teeth in the positive control were evaluated for bacterial reduction using MTT assay. The remaining teeth were split for BacLight LIVE/DEAD staining to examine the percentages of live/dead bacteria present in the dentinal tubules from different canal locations (coronal, mid-root and apical portions of the canal space) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS MTT assay indicated that both SNI and EDDY significantly reduced overall intracanal bacterial load compared with the positive control, with no significant difference between the two techniques. CLSM indicated that EDDY had better intratubular bacterial killing efficacy than SNI in the coronal and mid-root portions of the canal space only but not in the apical portion. In all canal locations (coronal, mid-root apical), both systems failed to eliminate bacteria that proliferated deep within the dentinal tubules. CONCLUSION With the use of 3% NaOCl, sonic-powered irrigant activation with EDDY tips did not provide additional advantage over SNI in killing Enterococcus faecalis from deep intraradicular dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Both the sonic-powered root canal irrigant activation system and syringe needle irrigation can reduce intracanal bacteria load but are incapable of completely killing all bacteria that resided deep within the dentinal tubules of root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jon Willison
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohamed M Meghil
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Brian E Bergeron
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lina Niu
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Effect of different diode laser wavelengths on root dentin decontamination infected with Enterococcus faecalis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 176:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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13
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Lei L, Shao M, Yang Y, Mao M, Yang Y, Hu T. Exopolysaccharide dispelled by calcium hydroxide with volatile vehicles related to bactericidal effect for root canal medication. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 24:487-495. [PMID: 27812619 PMCID: PMC5083026 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720160014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Enterococcus faecalis is the dominant microbial species responsible for persistent apical periodontitis with ability to deeply penetrate into the dentin. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) contribute to the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of E. faecalis. Our aim was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide (CH), camphorated parachlorophenol (CMCP), and chlorhexidine (CHX) against E. faecalis in dentinal tubules. Material and Methods: Decoronated single-canal human teeth and semicylindrical dentin blocks were incubated with E. faecalis for 3 weeks. Samples were randomly assigned to six medication groups for 1 week (n=10 per group): CH + 40% glycerin-water solution (1:1, wt/vol); CMCP; 2% CHX; CH + CMCP (1:1, wt/vol); CH + CMCP (2:3, wt/vol); and saline. Bacterial samples were collected and assayed for colony-forming units. After dentin blocks were split longitudinally, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess the proportion of viable bacteria and EPS production in dentin. Results: CMCP exhibited the best antimicrobial activity, while CH was the least sensitive against E. faecalis (p<0.05). CHX showed similar antimicrobial properties to CH + CMCP (1:1, wt/vol) (p>0.05). CH combined with CMCP inhibited EPS synthesis by E. faecalis, which sensitized biofilms to antibacterial substances. Moreover, increasing concentrations of CMCP decreased EPS matrix formation, which effectively sensitized biofilms to disinfection agents. Conclusion: The EPS matrix dispelled by CH paste with CMCP may be related to its bactericidal effect; the visualization and analysis of EPS formation and microbial colonization in dentin may be a useful approach to verify medicaments for antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China.,The Forsyth Institute, Department of Microbiology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Meiying Shao
- Sichuan University, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengying Mao
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan University, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Sichuan, China
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