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Cegarra L, Aguirre P, Nuñez MT, Gerdtzen ZP, Salgado JC. Calcium is a noncompetitive inhibitor of DMT1 on the intestinal iron absorption process: empirical evidence and mathematical modeling analysis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1791-C1806. [PMID: 36342159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00411.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Iron absorption is a complex and highly controlled process where DMT1 transports nonheme iron through the brush-border membrane of enterocytes to the cytoplasm but does not transport alkaline-earth metals such as calcium. However, it has been proposed that high concentrations of calcium in the diet could reduce iron bioavailability. In this work, we investigate the effect of intracellular and extracellular calcium on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells, as determined by calcein fluorescence quenching. We found that extracellular calcium inhibits iron uptake by Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA did not affect iron uptake, which indicates that the inhibitory effect of calcium is not exerted through intracellular calcium signaling. Kinetic studies performed, provided evidence that calcium acts as a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of the iron transport activity of DMT1. Based on these experimental results, a mathematical model was developed that considers the dynamics of noncompetitive inhibition using a four-state mechanism to describe the inhibitory effect of calcium on the DMT1 iron transport process in intestinal cells. The model accurately predicts the calcein fluorescence quenching dynamics observed experimentally after an iron challenge. Therefore, the proposed model structure is capable of representing the inhibitory effect of extracellular calcium on DMT1-mediated iron entry into the cLIP of Caco-2 cells. Considering the range of calcium concentrations that can inhibit iron uptake, the possible inhibition of dietary calcium on intestinal iron uptake is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layimar Cegarra
- Laboratory of Process Modeling and Distributed Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pabla Aguirre
- Iron and Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco T Nuñez
- Iron and Biology of Aging Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ziomara P Gerdtzen
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus Marine Agronomy of Seaweed Holobionts, Puerto Mont, Chile
| | - J Cristian Salgado
- Laboratory of Process Modeling and Distributed Computing, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Verna G, Sila A, Liso M, Mastronardi M, Chieppa M, Cena H, Campiglia P. Iron-Enriched Nutritional Supplements for the 2030 Pharmacy Shelves. Nutrients 2021; 13:378. [PMID: 33530485 PMCID: PMC7912282 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) affects people of all ages in many countries. Due to intestinal blood loss and reduced iron absorption, ID is a threat to IBD patients, women, and children the most. Current therapies can efficiently recover normal serum transferrin saturation and hemoglobin concentration but may cause several side effects, including intestinal inflammation. ID patients may benefit from innovative nutritional supplements that may satisfy iron needs without side effects. There is a growing interest in new iron-rich superfoods, like algae and mushrooms, which combine antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with iron richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Verna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sila
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Mastronardi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Institute of Research, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (A.S.); (M.L.); (M.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri I.R.C.C.S, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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de Lima Correia Silva M, da Graça Leite Speridião P, Oyama LM, de Morais MB. Effect of fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation in soya beverage on the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron in newly weaned rats. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:1338-1348. [PMID: 30499425 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown the positive effects of prebiotics on the intestinal absorption of Ca and Fe. The present study evaluated the effect of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation in soya beverage (SB) on absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe in recently weaned rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: lactose-free cows' milk (CM), lactose-free CM with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (CMF), SB and soya beverage with FOS (0·8 g/100 ml) (SBF). These rats were euthanised after 1 week of treatment. Organ weight, pH of the caecal content and absorption mechanisms of Ca and Fe were evaluated. The results showed that the weight of the caecal contents increased in the CMF and SBF groups, and the pH of the caecal contents was lower in these groups. The Hb levels of the CMF and SB groups were higher when compared with that of the CM group and lower in relation to the SBF group. The apparent Ca and Fe absorption and apparent Ca retention in the CM group were higher when compared with the SB group, whereas in the CMF group, they were higher in relation to the SBF group. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) protein expression in the duodenum was higher in the SBF group than in the SB and CMF groups. SB resulted in lower intestinal Ca absorption and higher Hb concentration, despite the lower apparent Fe absorption in relation to CM. Supplementation with FOS provided beneficial effects on Hb and DMT1 protein expression in the duodenum, in addition to improving the absorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa de Lima Correia Silva
- 1Departamento de Pediatria,Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica,Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Coronel Lisboa826,04020-000 São Paulo,SP,Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Graça Leite Speridião
- 1Departamento de Pediatria,Disciplina de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica,Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Coronel Lisboa826,04020-000 São Paulo,SP,Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- 2Departamento de Fisiologia,Disciplina de Fisiologia da Nutrição,Universidade Federal de São Paulo,Rua Botucatu 862,2° andar,04023-060 São Paulo,SP, Brazil
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