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Kumar AA, Vine KL, Ranson M. Recent Advances in Targeting the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator with Nanotherapeutics. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37119285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant proteolytic landscape of the tumor microenvironment is a key contributor of cancer progression. Overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and/or its associated cell-surface receptor (uPAR) in tumor versus normal tissue is significantly associated with worse clinicopathological features and poorer patient survival across multiple cancer types. This is linked to mechanisms that facilitate tumor cell invasion and migration, via direct and downstream activation of various proteolytic processes that degrade the extracellular matrix─ultimately leading to metastasis. Targeting uPA has thus long been considered an attractive anticancer strategy. However, poor bioavailability of several uPA-selective small-molecule inhibitors has limited early clinical progress. Nanodelivery systems have emerged as an exciting method to enhance the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of existing chemotherapeutics, allowing increased circulation time, improved bioavailability, and targeted delivery to tumor tissue. Combining uPA inhibitors with nanoparticle-based delivery systems thus offers a remarkable opportunity to overcome existing PK challenges associated with conventional uPA inhibitors, while leveraging potent candidates into novel targeted nanotherapeutics for an improved anticancer response in uPA positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna A Kumar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Kara L Vine
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Lawaetz M, Christensen A, Juhl K, Karnov K, Lelkaitis G, Kanstrup Fiehn AM, Kjaer A, von Buchwald C. Potential of uPAR, αvβ6 Integrin, and Tissue Factor as Targets for Molecular Imaging of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Evaluation of Nine Targets in Primary Tumors and Metastases by Immunohistochemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043853. [PMID: 36835265 PMCID: PMC9962929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
No clinically approved tumor-specific imaging agents for head and neck cancer are currently available. The identification of biomarkers with a high and homogenous expression in tumor tissue and minimal expression in normal tissue is essential for the development of new molecular imaging targets in head and neck cancer. We investigated the expression of nine imaging targets in both primary tumor and matched metastatic tissue of 41 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to assess their potential as targets for molecular imaging. The intensity, proportion, and homogeneity in the tumor and the reaction in neighboring non-cancerous tissue was scored. The intensity and proportion were multiplied to obtain a total immunohistochemical (IHC) score ranging from 0-12. The mean intensity in the tumor tissue and normal epithelium were compared. The expression rate was high for the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) (97%), integrin αvβ6 (97%), and tissue factor (86%) with a median total immunostaining score (interquartile range) for primary tumors of 6 (6-9), 12 (12-12), and 6 (2.5-7.5), respectively. For the uPAR and tissue factor, the mean staining intensity score was significantly higher in tumors compared to normal epithelium. The uPAR, integrin αvβ6, and tissue factor are promising imaging targets for OSCC primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Lawaetz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Juhl
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirstine Karnov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Kanstrup Fiehn
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Christensen A, Grønhøj C, Jensen JS, Lelkaitis G, Kiss K, Juhl K, Charabi BW, Mortensen J, Kjær A, Von Buchwald C. Expression patterns of uPAR, TF and EGFR and their potential as targets for molecular imaging in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2022; 48:147. [PMID: 35775375 PMCID: PMC9263836 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical introduction of molecular imaging for the management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) relies on the identification of relevant cancer-specific biomarkers. The application of three membrane-bound receptors, namely urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), tissue factor (TF) and EGFR have been previously explored for targeted imaging and therapeutic strategies in a broad range of solid cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of uPAR, EGFR and TF by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate their potential for targeted imaging and prognostic value in OPSCC. In a retrospective cohort of 93 patients with primary OPSCC, who were balanced into the 45 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and 48 HPV-negative groups, the IHC-determined expression profiles of uPAR, TF and EGFR in large biopsy or tumor resection specimens were analyzed. Using the follow-up data, overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival were measured. Specifically, associations between survival outcome, biomarker expression and clinicopathological factors were examined using Cox proportional hazards model and log-rank test following Kaplan-Meier statistics. After comparing the expression pattern of biomarkers within the tumor compartment with that in the adjacent normal tissues, uPAR and TF exhibited a highly tumor-specific expression pattern, whereas EGFR showed a homogeneous expression within the tumor compartment as well as a consistent expression in the normal mucosal epithelium and salivary gland tissues. The positive expression rate of uPAR, TF and EGFR in the tumors was 98.9, 76.3 and 98.9%, respectively. No statistically significant association between biomarker expression and survival outcome could be detected. Higher uPAR expression levels had a trend towards reduced OS according to results from univariate analysis (P=0.07; hazard ratio=2.01; 95% CI=0.92-4.37). Taken together, these results suggest that uPAR, TF and EGFR may be suitable targets for molecular imaging and therapy in OPSCC. In particular, uPAR may be an attractive target owing to their high positive expression rates in tumors and a highly tumor-specific expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Christensen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Grønhøj
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Schmidt Jensen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katalin Kiss
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karina Juhl
- Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Wittenborg Charabi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Mortensen
- Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Von Buchwald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Costa CSDO, Mafra RP, Rolim LSA, Souza LBD, Pinto LP. Immunohistochemical study of the plasminogen activator system in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e071. [PMID: 36507758 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the immunohistochemical expression of plasminogen activator system (PAS) proteins (uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1) in ameloblastomas (AMBs), odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and dental follicles (DFs) representing normal odontogenic tissue, as well as to investigate possible correlations between these proteins. Twenty AMBs, 20 OKCs, and 10 DFs were selected for immunohistochemical analysis. In each case, the immunoexpression of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 was evaluated semiquantitatively based on the percentage of positivity in odontogenic epithelial and connective tissue cells. The epithelial immunoexpression of uPA was significantly lower in AMBs when compared to OKCs (p = 0.001) and DFs (p = 0.029). Significantly higher epithelial immunostaining for uPAR was observed in AMBs when compared to OKCs (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the epithelial immunoexpression of PAI-1 between AMBs and OKCs (p = 1.000). The correlations found for the expression of the studied proteins were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). However, the epithelial and connective tissue expressions of uPAR have a strong positive and statistically significant correlation in AMBs. The present results suggest that uPA is involved in the pathogenesis of OKCs and that uPAR may participate in tumorigenesis in AMBs. The high percentage of PAI-1-positive cells suggests a possible role for this protein in the development of AMBs and OKCs. Furthermore, the studied proteins do not seem to act synergistically in AMBs, OKCs, and DFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Samily de Oliveira Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Larissa Santos Amaral Rolim
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Pathology, Natal, RN, Brazil
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The enhanced genomic 6 mA metabolism contributes to the proliferation and migration of TSCC cells. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:11. [PMID: 35177638 PMCID: PMC8854414 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC), the existence of N6-methyladenine (6 mA) in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently. Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells, suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) still remains uncharacterized. In this study, a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed, which revealed enhanced 6 mA metabolism in diverse cancer types. The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism, as well as its effects on TSCC cells. To these aspects, genome 6 mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells. By knocking down 6 mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4, the level of genomic 6 mA was decreased in TSCC cells. This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration. By contrast, knockdown of 6 mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level, enhanced colony formation, and cell migration. Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells. Therefore, in the case of TSCC, we have shown that genomic 6 mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.
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Mafra RP, Sabino VG, Rolim LSA, de Carvalho CHP, Nonaka CFW, Barboza CAG, de Souza LB, Pinto LP. Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical and in vitro analysis. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 124:104722. [PMID: 34800515 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) on the biological behavior and prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS Immunoexpression of PAI-1 was analyzed in 60 OTSCC specimens and classified as low-expression (≤50% of positive cells) or high-expression (>50%). In vitro effects of recombinant human PAI-1 (rhPAI-1) were assessed through functional assays on the OTSCC-derived cell line SCC-25. Three cell groups were evaluated: G0 (control), G10 (10 nM rhPAI-1), and G20 (20 nM rhPAI-1). RESULTS High membrane expression of PAI-1 was associated with tumor budding (p = 0.046) and high-risk cases (p = 0.043). Cytoplasmic and membrane expression of PAI-1 was not associated with patient survival. Cell viability (p = 0.020) and progression to the S-phase of the cell cycle (p = 0.024) were higher in G10 and G20 at 24 h. The percentages of apoptotic/necrotic cells were not affected by rhPAI-1. The presence of rhPAI-1 increased cell migration (p = 0.039) and invasion (p = 0.039) after 24 and 72 h, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate the involvement of PAI-1 in the biological behavior of OTSCC, although its expression may not predict patient survival. The in vitro results suggest that PAI-1 stimulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion and may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Porpino Mafra
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Vladimir Galdino Sabino
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Santos Amaral Rolim
- Postgraduate Program in Dental Sciences, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Cassiano Francisco Weege Nonaka
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Augusto Galvão Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Lélia Batista de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Leão Pereira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59056-000, Brazil.
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Metrangolo V, Ploug M, Engelholm LH. The Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) as a "Trojan Horse" in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215376. [PMID: 34771541 PMCID: PMC8582577 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Discovered more than three decades ago, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has now firmly established itself as a versatile molecular target holding promise for the treatment of aggressive malignancies. The copious abundance of uPAR in virtually all human cancerous tissues versus their healthy counterparts has fostered a gradual shift in the therapeutic landscape targeting this receptor from function inhibition to cytotoxic approaches to selectively eradicate the uPAR-expressing cells by delivering a targeted cytotoxic insult. Multiple avenues are being explored in a preclinical setting, including the more innovative immune- or stroma targeting therapies. This review discusses the current state of these strategies, their potentialities, and challenges, along with future directions in the field of uPAR targeting. Abstract One of the largest challenges to the implementation of precision oncology is identifying and validating selective tumor-driving targets to enhance the therapeutic efficacy while limiting off-target toxicity. In this context, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has progressively emerged as a promising therapeutic target in the management of aggressive malignancies. By focalizing the plasminogen activation cascade and subsequent extracellular proteolysis on the cell surface of migrating cells, uPAR endows malignant cells with a high proteolytic and migratory potential to dissolve the restraining extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers and metastasize to distant sites. uPAR is also assumed to choreograph multiple other neoplastic stages via a complex molecular interplay with distinct cancer-associated signaling pathways. Accordingly, high uPAR expression is observed in virtually all human cancers and is frequently associated with poor patient prognosis and survival. The promising therapeutic potential unveiled by the pleiotropic nature of this receptor has prompted the development of distinct targeted intervention strategies. The present review will focus on recently emerged cytotoxic approaches emphasizing the novel technologies and related limits hindering their application in the clinical setting. Finally, future research directions and emerging opportunities in the field of uPAR targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Metrangolo
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.M.); (M.P.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ploug
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.M.); (M.P.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.M.); (M.P.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-31-43-20-77
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Nayak S, Bhatt MLB, Goel MM, Gupta S, Mehrotra D, Mahdi AA, Mishra A. Aberrant Expression of PTPN-14 and Wilms’ Tumor 1 as Putative Biomarker for Locoregional Recurrence in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major concern that leads to metastasis. Its detection at earliest stage is very important to increase the overall survival of the patient. There is no any biomarker for locoregional recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study was to find a biomarker for locoregional recurrence in tissue and serum at gene and protein level.
Methods This work studied the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 14 (PTPN-14) and Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT-1) in patients and correlated their expression with locoregional recurrence and survival. Tissue expression was observed in formalin fixed tissue biopsies of 96 OSCC and 32 healthy controls by immunohistochemistry using antibody against PTPN-14 and WT-1 and serum level was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy samples. mRNA expression was determined by using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients were followed for 3 years for locoregional recurrence.
Results Expression of PTPN-14 and WT-1 in OSCC was upregulated (aberrant) in tissue and sera in both gene and protein level as compared with healthy controls. Locoregional recurrence was observed in 10 (23.80%) patients and significantly associated with PTPN-14 (p < 0.047) and WT-1 expression (p < 0.031).
Conclusion PTPN-14 and WT-1 may be used as biomarker to identify patients for higher risk of locoregional recurrence. This study drove molecular aspect and phenotypic level to derive new emergent strategies in future for recurrent OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Nayak
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Medanta Holding Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madan Lal Brahma Bhatt
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Medanta Holding Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Gupta
- Department of Radiotherapy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anupam Mishra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao LL. TIPE2 suppresses progression and tumorigenesis of the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma by regulating FoxP3 + regulatory T cells. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:279-289. [PMID: 32594290 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To discover the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) on the oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) via affecting FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to examine TIPE2 and FoxP3 expressions in OTSCC tumor tissues and corresponding oral mucosa. Tca8113 cells were transfected with TIPE2/control lentiviral activation particles followed by the detection with qRT-PCR, Western blotting, MTT assay, Wound healing, Transwell assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. In vivo experiment was carried out on the nude mice xenografts of OTSCC with TIPE2 overexpression to observe the tumor volume and survival, and the CD4+ T cell subgroups were detected by flow cytometry. TIPE2 was lower in the OTSCC tissues than the corresponding oral mucosa, which was correlated with T stage, N stage, TNM stage, and differentiation of patients. Patients with TIPE2-positive expression had worse prognosis and lower expression of FoxP3+ Treg cells than the negative ones. Furthermore, TIPE2 overexpression curbed proliferation, invasion and migration of Tca8113 cells, while cell apoptosis was increased. Besides, TIPE2 suppressed the tumor growth and extended the survival of OTSCC mice, with the decreased proportion of FoxP3+ Treg cells in the spleen and tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs). The clinical results showed the down-regulation of TIPE2 in OTSCC tissues. Meanwhile TIPE2 overexpression affected OTSCC cells biological behavior in vitro, as well as exhibited strong tumor-growth suppressive effects in vivo, which may be a potential therapeutic target in OTSCC via regulating FoxP3+ Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Caoxian people's Hospital, Heze City, 274400, Shandong Province, China.
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EGFR and αvβ6 as Promising Targets for Molecular Imaging of Cutaneous and Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Region. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061474. [PMID: 32516897 PMCID: PMC7352159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
R0 resection is paramount in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, in the setting of recurrence, immunocompromised patients, or non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a spindle growth pattern, tumor borders are difficult, if not impossible, to determine. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) aids in this differentiation. Potential targets for FGS of CSCC and HNSCC were evaluated. Most sections stained intensely for αvβ6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on tumor cells. Normal epithelium stained less for αvβ6 than for EGFR. In addition, soft tissue and stroma stained negative for both, allowing for clear discrimination of the soft tissue margin. Tumor cells weakly expressed urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) while expression on stromal cells was moderate. Normal epithelium rarely expressed uPAR, resulting in clear discrimination of superficial margins. Tumors did not consistently express integrin β3, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, or vascular endothelial growth factor A. In conclusion, αvβ6 and EGFR allowed for precise discrimination of SSC at the surgically problematic soft tissue margins. Superficial margins are ideally distinguished with uPAR. In the future, FGS in the surgically challenging setting of cutaneous and mucosal SCC could benefit from a tailor-made approach, with EGFR and αvβ6 as targets.
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Haen P, Mege D, Crescence L, Dignat-George F, Dubois C, Panicot-Dubois L. Thrombosis Risk Associated with Head and Neck Cancer: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2838. [PMID: 31212608 PMCID: PMC6600456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication for cancer patients. VTE-associated risk varies according to the type of tumor disease. Head and neck cancer is a common cancer worldwide, and most tumors are squamous cell carcinomas due to tobacco and alcohol abuse. The risk of VTE associated with head and neck (H&N) cancer is considered empirically low, but despite the high incidence of H&N cancer, few data are available on this cancer; thus, it is difficult to state the risk of VTE. Our review aims to clarify this situation and tries to assess the real VTE risk associated with H&N cancer. We report that most clinical studies have concluded that there is a very low thrombosis risk associated with H&N cancer. Even with the biases that often exist, this clinical review seems to confirm that the risk of VTE was empirically hypothesized. Furthermore, we highlight that H&N cancer has all the biological features of a cancer associated with a high thrombosis risk, including a strong expression of procoagulant proteins, modified thrombosis/fibrinolysis mechanisms, and secretions of procoagulant microparticles and procoagulant cytokines. Thus, this is a paradoxical situation, and some undiscovered mechanisms that could explain this clinical biological ambivalence might exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Haen
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Army Training Hospital, Laveran, 13013 Marseille, France.
| | - Diane Mege
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Conception, 385 Boulevard Baille, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Christophe Dubois
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Laurence Panicot-Dubois
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRA, Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
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