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Duarte J, Pereira C, Costa P, Almeida A. Bacteriophages with Potential to Inactivate Aeromonas hydrophila in Cockles: In Vitro and In Vivo Preliminary Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060710. [PMID: 34204770 PMCID: PMC8231581 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recurrent emergence of infection outbreaks associated with shellfish consumption is of extreme importance for public health. The present study investigated the potential application of phages AH-1, AH-4, and AH-5 to inactivate Aeromonas hydrophila, a causative agent of infections in humans associated with bivalve shellfish consumption. The inactivation of A. hydrophila was assessed in vitro, using a liquid culture medium, and in vivo, using artificially contaminated cockles with A. hydrophila ATCC 7966. In the in vitro experiments, all phages were effective against A. hydrophila, but phage AH-1 (with a maximum reduction of 7.7 log colonies forming units CFU/mL) was more effective than phages AH-4 and AH-5 (with reductions of 4.9 and 4.5 log CFU/mL, respectively). The cocktails AH-1/AH-4, AH-1/AH-5, AH-4/AH-5, and AH-1/AH-4/AH-5 were slightly more effective than the single phage suspensions. The phages presented a low emergence rate of phage-resistant mutants. When artificially contaminated cockles were treated in static seawater with phage AH-1, around 44% of the added A. hydrophila (1.0 log CFU/g) was inactivated. The results of this study suggest that phage therapy can be an effective alternative to control human pathogenic bacteria during depuration.
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Ribeiro EB, Noleto KS, de Oliveira SRS, Batista de Jesus W, de Sousa Serra IMR, da Silva de Almeida Z, de Sousa de Oliveira Mota Andrade T, de Araújo Soares R, Antonio ÍG, Santos DMS, Jorge MB, Fortes Carvalho Neta RN. Biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase and catalase) and microorganisms in soft tissues of Crassostrea rhizophorae to assess contamination of seafood in Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111348. [PMID: 32568076 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase and catalase) and microorganisms in soft tissues of Crassostrea rhizophorae to assess possible contamination of seafood in Brazil. The oysters were sampled from a reference area (Ports 1 and 2) and an impacted area (Ports 3 and 4) in Brazil (São Luís Island, Maranhão). Six attributes were examined in sampled oysters: glutathione S-transferase activity, catalase activity, concentrations of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms, and levels of Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. Water samples were analysed for aluminium, cadmium, iron, manganese, lead, mercury, phenolics, and polychlorinated biphenyls. We found that Ports 3 and 4 are impacted by several contaminants (mercury, phenolics, and polychlorinated biphenyls), while Ports 1 and 2 are still relatively free of these contaminants. Changes in enzymes activity as well as the highest tissue bacterial concentrations were recorded in oysters from Ports 3 and 4 during the rainy season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Braga Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores em Organismos Aquáticos (LABOAq), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Katherine Saldanha Noleto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Suelen Rosana Sampaio de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Laboratório de Biomarcadores em Organismos Aquáticos (LABOAq), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Wanda Batista de Jesus
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores em Organismos Aquáticos (LABOAq), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca (PPGRAP/UEMA), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Zafira da Silva de Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia (DBIO), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ticianne de Sousa de Oliveira Mota Andrade
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores em Organismos Aquáticos (LABOAq), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca (PPGRAP/UEMA), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Rômulo de Araújo Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca (PPGRAP/UEMA), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Gomes Antonio
- Laboratório de Fisioecologia, Reprodução e Cultivo de Organismos Marinhos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Débora Martins Silva Santos
- Departamento de Biologia (DBIO), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Marianna Basso Jorge
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Dom Delgado, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho Neta
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores em Organismos Aquáticos (LABOAq), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia (DBIO), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Gonçalves Pessoa RB, de Oliveira WF, Marques DSC, Dos Santos Correia MT, de Carvalho EVMM, Coelho LCBB. The genus Aeromonas: A general approach. Microb Pathog 2019; 130:81-94. [PMID: 30849490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The genus Aeromonas comprises more than thirty Gram-negative bacterial species which mostly act as opportunistic microorganisms. These bacteria are distributed naturally in diverse aquatic ecosystems, where they are easily isolated from animals such as fish and crustaceans. A capacity for adaptation also makes Aeromonas able to colonize terrestrial environments and their inhabitants, so these microorganisms can be identified from different sources, such as soils, plants, fruits, vegetables, birds, reptiles, amphibians, among others. Infectious processes usually develop in immunocompromised humans; in fish and other marine animals this process occurs under conditions of stress. Such events are most often associated with incorrect practices in aquaculture. Aeromonas has element diverse ranges, denominated virulence factors, which promote adhesion, colonization and invasion into host cells. These virulence factors, such as membrane components, enzymes and toxins, for example, are differentially expressed among species, making some strains more virulent than others. Due to their diversity, no single virulence factor was considered determinant in the infectious process generated by these microorganisms. Unlike other genera, Aeromonas species are erroneously differentiated by conventional biochemical tests. Therefore, molecular assays are necessary for this purpose. Nevertheless, new means of identification have been considered in order to generate methods that, like molecular tests, can correctly identify these microorganisms. The main objectives of this review are to explain environmental and structural characteristics of the Aeromonas genus and to discuss virulence mechanisms that these bacteria use to infect aquatic organisms and humans, which are important aspects for aquaculture and public health, respectively. In addition, this review aims to clarify new tests for the precise identification of the species of Aeromonas, contributing to the exact and specific diagnosis of infections by these microorganisms and consequently the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Bastos Gonçalves Pessoa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Dos Santos Correia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel de Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Ribeiro EB, Bastos LS, Galeno LS, Mendes RS, Garino F, Carvalho-Neta RNF, Costa FN. Integrated assessment of biomarker responses and microbiological analysis of oysters from São Luís Island, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:182-186. [PMID: 27647290 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the use of biochemical biomarkers and microbiological analysis to identify levels of oyster contamination at different ports in São Luís Island (Maranhão), Brazil. Oysters were analyzed for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas spp. In addition, tissue was removed from the digestive gland to determine the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity. The highest percentage of microbiological contamination of oyster samples occurred during the rainy season. The activity of GST and catalase in oysters was also higher in the rainy season, coinciding with the greatest abundance of total and thermotolerant coliforms. Among the prospective biomarkers, GST showed the best results for identification of areas with higher levels of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Ribeiro
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - L S Bastos
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Ambiente, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - L S Galeno
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - R S Mendes
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - F Garino
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Departamento de Patologia, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - R N F Carvalho-Neta
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais - CECEN, Departamento de Química e Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Aquáticos e Pesca, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - F N Costa
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), Centro de Ciências Agrárias-CCA, Departamento de Patologia, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Caixa Postal 09, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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