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Oliveira LS, Cajado RA, Silva FKS, Santos Z, Oliveira EC, Silva-Oliveira C, Zacardi DM. External morphology and growth patterns of larvae and juveniles of Bryconops gracilis (Characiformes, Iguanodectidae) from Amazon basin. ZOOLOGY 2024; 167:126210. [PMID: 39321517 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2024.126210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
During early development, fishes undergo significant changes that influence external morphology and the functioning of internal organs and systems. This often results in gradual variation of the morphological traits of individuals across developmental stages. The investigation of larval and juvenile fish development and growth patterns has pertinent implications for the systematic and ecological elucidation of species. Bryconops gracilis is a medium-sized fish, omnivorous that inhabits lotic and lentic environments with acidic and transparent waters in the Amazon basin. In this study, the early development of B. gracilis is described, until recently a practically unknown species. In terms of development, we used morphological, meristic, and morphometric data to characterize the larvae and juveniles. The individuals were collected in the Curuá-Una River, Amazon basin, Brazil. Fifty-four specimens were examined. Samples include individuals with 3.39-21.79 mm SL. Yolk-sac larvae have two attachment organs on the dorsal surface of head and body. The larvae of B. gracilis are considered altricial, with a fusiform body, and the intestine reaches the median region of the body. Initially, the mouth is subterminal and becomes isognathic from the postflexion stage on. During the postflexion stage, the most relevant morphological changes occur (e.g., presence of all fins, mouth position similar to adults, increased body pigmentation), making individuals more specialized to explore new habitats and diets and maximize their chances of survival. Furthermore, vertebrae and myomeres are compared and assist with differentiating some Bryconops species at early life stages that occur in sympatry in the Amazon basin. Our results contribute to knowledge about the external morphology of neotropical freshwater fishes, enabling the identification of larvae and juveniles through traditional taxonomy and broadening the perspective on the ontogenetic study of the adipose fin in Characoidei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Ruineris Almada Cajado
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil; Colegiado de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, AP 68900-070, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Katrine Souza Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil.
| | - Zaqueu Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil.
| | - Elzamara Casto Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Cárlison Silva-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociedade, Natureza e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, Pará 68040-255, Brazil.
| | - Diego Maia Zacardi
- Laboratório de Ecologia do Ictioplâncton e Pesca em Águas Interiores, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Santarém, PA 68040-255, Brazil.
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Gnocchi KG, Passos LS, Pereira TM, Coppo GC, de Souza LA, Teixeira BC, Chippari-Gomes AR. Biochemical changes and bioaccumulation of manganese in Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:677-682. [PMID: 38809386 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Major tailings dam failures have occurred recently around the world and resulted in severe environmental impacts, such as metal contamination. Manganese is a metal highly associated with mining activities, largely detected in mining dam collapses. This metal is considered necessary for different organisms, but it can be toxic and cause oxidative stress and genetic damage in fishes. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of manganese on Astyanax lacustris, by exposing the fish individually to different concentrations of this metal (2.11, 5.00, and 10.43 mg/L) for 96 h. To assess the effects of manganese, we used biochemical biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity) and the manganese bioaccumulation in different tissues (liver and gills). The obtained data showed that only at concentrations of 5.00 mg/L and 10.43 mg/L the activity of glutathione S-transferase differed significantly. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain tissue was inhibited. The highest level of manganese bioaccumulation was observed in the liver and branchial tissue. Overall, we concluded that high concentrations of manganese may cause physiological changes in Astyanax lacustris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Giavarini Gnocchi
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Larissa Souza Passos
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Miura Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho Coppo
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Alves de Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Barbara Chisté Teixeira
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21 Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
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Gnocchi KG, Boldrini-França J, Passos LS, Gomes AS, Coppo GC, Pereira TM, Chippari-Gomes AR. Multiple biomarkers response of Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characidae) exposed to manganese and temperature increase. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104124. [PMID: 37044292 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Mn (6.65 mg/L) at different exposure times (96 h, 7, 14, and 21 days) and evaluate its possible toxic effects on the fish Astyanax lacustris through multi-biomarkers and the maximum critical temperature (CT Max). The results show an increase in the Mn accumulation (liver and gills) with increasing exposure time. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed differences in the group exposed to Mn for 96 h compared to the group exposed for 21 days. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increased in the fish exposed for 7 days compared to the control group. On the other hand, no genotoxic changes were observed. The CT Max showed that the loss of equilibrium of 50% of the fish occurs at a temperature of 39ºC, with and without the Mn presence. Furthermore, the catalase gene expression (oxidative stress) did not show alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Giavarini Gnocchi
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Larissa Souza Passos
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário, 13416-000 Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | - Aline Silva Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho Coppo
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil; Benthic Ecology Group, Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 29055-460 Vitória, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Miura Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Rua José Dantas de Melo, 29102-770 Vila Velha, Brazil
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Farias RDS, Oliveira KRDS, de Souza ME, Ferreira DA, Silva AADN, da Silva VA, Dunham R, Coimbra MRM. Effect of dosage of orally administered 17α-methyltestosterone on sex reversion of the yellowtail tetra Astyanax lacustris (Lütken, 1875). Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20220080. [PMID: 36922988 PMCID: PMC10010158 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The females of yellowtail tetra (Astyanax lacustris), known as the freshwater sardine, are approximately 1.33 times larger than males, and thus, all-female monosex culture would increase production and reduce size variability. The present work aimed to identify the optimal dose of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) to be used in the masculinization of A. lacustris for indirect sex reversal. Three different concentrations of MT (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg of feed in the diet) were fed to the fry for 30 days. Thirty adult individuals from each treatment, including the control (0 mg MT/kg), were evaluated for gonadal development, morphological and histological sexual identification, zootechnical performance, and the possible genotoxic effect caused by prolonged exposure to MT. MT significantly (P<0.01) affected the differentiation of the gonads, with the presence of possible inhibitory effects in all treatments. Intersex individuals were present in the 20 and 60 mg MT/kg treatments. All treatments were able to masculinize A. lacustris and the treatment with the lowest hormone concentration produced the highest percentage of males 76.7%, while the control had 46.7% males. The presence of erythrocyte nuclear alterations indicated a possible cytotoxic effect of MT in treatments 40 and 60 mg MT/kg, however, the use of the hormone did not affect the growth and the survival of the individuals. Thus, the use of MT is a viable option for obtaining neomales as a first step into the production of all-female progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Silva Farias
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | | | - Dijaci Araújo Ferreira
- Colégio Agrícola Dom Agostinho Ikas, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, São Lourenço da Mata, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Valdemiro Amaro da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Rex Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Camilo-Cotrim CF, de Souza Ondei L, de Almeida EA, Teresa FB. Fish biomarker responses reflect landscape anthropic disturbance in savanna streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:87828-87843. [PMID: 35821333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance in the landscape surrounding streams can interfere with water quality and cause harm to aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluate the influence of land use on the genetic and biochemical biomarkers of fish in streams of Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). We also evaluated whether biomarker responses are seasonally consistent. For this purpose, individuals of the Neotropical tetra fish Astyanax lacustris were exposed in cages for 96 h, in 13 streams draining agroecosystems with different degrees of disturbance during the dry and wet seasons. After exposure, blood, liver, and gills were collected for multibiomarker analyses (micronuclei, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and biotransformation enzyme). The results showed that the gradient of anthropic disturbance was positively associated with genotoxic damage (erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities) and negatively associated with antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes of the liver in both seasons. No association of the gradient of anthropic disturbance with the frequency of micronuclei and for most gill enzymes was found for both seasons. Landscape disturbance was also negatively associated with water quality in the wet season. These results indicate that changes in land use interfere with the genetic and biochemical processes of organisms. Thus, the multibiomarker approach may represent an effective strategy for assessing and monitoring terrestrial landscape disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Filipe Camilo-Cotrim
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central ‑ Sede Anápolis ‑ Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil.
| | - Luciana de Souza Ondei
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central ‑ Sede Anápolis ‑ Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Fabrício Barreto Teresa
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central ‑ Sede Anápolis ‑ Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil
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Genotoxic effect of heavy metals on Astyanax lacustris in an urban stream. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05034. [PMID: 33005812 PMCID: PMC7519369 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled urbanization growth contributes to the pollution of aquatic environments. Heavy metals released by domestic and industrial effluents can negatively affect aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental pollutants, such as metals, on fish DNA damage, in stretches of an urban stream. Specimens of the Neotropical fish, Astyanax lacustris, were exposed in situ for 96 h along the Antas stream, a Brazilian aquatic system deteriorated by anthropogenic factors. Water and sediment samples were collected simultaneously for physicochemical and heavy metal analyses. The comet assay was performed as a biomarker of genotoxicity. Fish located downstream had a higher frequency of DNA damage than in the reference site. We found concentrations of Cr and Ni above acceptable levels in sediment samples. Generally, Ba, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cr, and Ni were the elements most associated with genotoxic damage. Water and sediment of the Antas stream showed genotoxic potential in A. lacustris according to the urbanization gradient, demonstrating the importance to prevent the release of environmental pollutants, especially heavy metals in urban areas.
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Gnocchi KG, Boldrini-França J, Gomes LC, Chippari-Gomes AR. De novo assembly and annotation of the transcriptome of Astyanax lacustris liver unveil candidate genes to monitor response to environmental stress. Mar Genomics 2020; 54:100784. [PMID: 33222893 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2020.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Astyanax lacustris is a freshwater characid fish species that inhabits small streams, lakes and rivers in South America. These fish are abundant in the wild and highly adaptable in captive, being considered a good model for ecotoxicological studies. Nevertheless, there are only shortcoming gene sequence information available in public databases, which hinder their use in more comprehensive investigations that employ sensitivity molecular biology techniques to assess gene expression profile for biomarker identification. In this study, we report the first de novo transcriptome of A. lacustris liver with the aim of improving gene sequence data available for this fish species. Illumina sequencing generated 79,102,610 raw reads, which were filtered in 62,041,259 high-quality transcripts. De novo assembly resulted in 93,888 unigenes and 120,674 isoforms of an average length of 909.12 and 1046.50 bp, respectively. 60,495 isoforms (50.13%) were functionally annotated against seven databases, retrieving homology queries for about 46% of all isoforms. Therefore, in this study we provide information of relevant genes associated to environmental stress and contamination of A. lacustris, enabling future ecotoxicological researches and other molecular studies using this fish species as model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Giavarini Gnocchi
- Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n° 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Johara Boldrini-França
- Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n° 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n° 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Universidade Vila Velha - UVV, Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada, Avenida Comissário José Dantas de Melo n° 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
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