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Biswas T, Rajendran N, Hassan H, Li H, Zhao C, Rohner N. 3D spheroid culturing of Astyanax mexicanus liver-derived cell lines recapitulates distinct transcriptomic and metabolic states of in vivo tissue environment. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2024; 342:301-312. [PMID: 38192038 PMCID: PMC11060904 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In vitro assays are crucial tools for gaining detailed insights into various biological processes, including metabolism. Cave morphs of the river-dwelling fish species, Astyanax mexicanus, have adapted their metabolism allowing them to thrive in the biodiversity-deprived and nutrient-limited environment of caves. Liver-derived cells from the cave and river morphs of A. mexicanus have proven to be excellent in vitro resources to better understand the unique metabolism of these fish. However, the current 2D cultures have not fully captured the complex metabolic profile of the Astyanax liver. It is known that 3D culturing can modulate the transcriptomic state of cells when compared to its 2D monolayer culture. Therefore, to broaden the possibilities of the in vitro system by modeling a wider gamut of metabolic pathways, we cultured the liver-derived Astyanax cells of both surface and cavefish into 3D spheroids. We successfully established 3D cultures at various cell seeding densities for several weeks and characterized the resultant transcriptomic and metabolic variations. We found that the 3D cultured Astyanax cells exhibit an altered transcriptomic profile and consequently represent a wider range of metabolic pathways, including cell cycle changes and antioxidant activities, associated with liver functioning as compared to its monolayer culture. Enzymatic assay measuring antioxidants in 2D culture and 3D spheroids also revealed enhanced antioxidative capacity of 3D cultured spheroids, in line with the differential gene expression data. Additionally, the spheroids also exhibited surface and cave-specific metabolic signatures, making it a suitable system for evolutionary studies associated with cave adaptation. Notably, cavefish derived spheroids enriched for genes responding to xenobiotic stimulus, while the ones from surface enriched for immune response, both of which resonated with known physiologically adaptations associated with each morph. Taken together, the liver-derived spheroids prove to be a promising in vitro model for widening our understanding of metabolism in A. mexicanus and of vertebrates in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagata Biswas
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Naresh Rajendran
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Huzaifa Hassan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Chongbei Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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Aguilar FAA, Barone RSC, Mourão GB, Martinelli LA, Cyrino JEP. Growth and carbon turnover of Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887 (Osteicthyes: Characidae): contribution of extruded feed and natural food. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20220805. [PMID: 38656052 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420220805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Piaractus mesopotamicus, is a fish usually farmed in semi-intensive systems with access to natural food and supplementary feed. This study evaluates effects of feed allowance on the productive performance, carbon turnover and proportions of nutrient (carbon) contribution of feed and natural food for the growth of pacu. Juvenile fish were stocked in fiberglass tanks and fed to 100, 75, 50, 25, 0% apparent satiety (ApS), with a practical, extruded (C4 photosynthetic pathway) feed in a randomized design trial (n=3); plankton production for simulated semi-intensive farming system condition was induced by chemical fertilization. A control treatment was set up in tanks devoid of natural food. Data on muscle stable carbon isotope ratios were used to study carbon turnover using a relative growth-based model. Low variation of the δ13C impaired fitting a turnover model curve for the 0 and 25 % ApS treatments. Fish of the 100% and 75% ApS treatments reached circa 95% and 82.85% of the carbon turnover, respectively. Extruded feed was the main nutrient source for the growth of pacu in the semi-intensive, simulated farming condition. The current study contributes to the knowledge of the relationship between feeding rates and carbon turnover rates in the pacu muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Armando A Aguilar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- Fundación Universitaria Agraria de Colombia, Facultad de Zootecnia, Calle 170 No 54A -10, 111166 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael S C Barone
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e Pastagens, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerson B Mourão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Martinelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Av. Centenário, 303, São Dimas, 13416-000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Eurico P Cyrino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Borges VD, Zebral YD, Costa PG, da Silva Fonseca J, Klein RD, Bianchini A. Oxidative Stress in a Wild Population of the Freshwater Fish Hyphessobrycon Luetkenii Chronically Exposed to a Copper Mining Area: New Insights into Copper Toxicology. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:77. [PMID: 37027049 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine markers of oxidative stress in the tetra Hyphessobrycon luetkenii collected from two locations in the copper contaminated João Dias creek (southern Brazil). Also, specimens were translocated from a clean reference section of the creek to a polluted stretch and vice-versa. Fish were held at in submerged cages for 96 h and then sacrificed. Nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes and total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in gills, brain, liver and muscle displayed similar trends in both groups. Lipid peroxidation increased in all tissues of individuals translocated to the polluted site but only in liver and muscle of those translocated to the reference site. Increased protein carbonylation was also observed in gills of individuals translocated to the reference location. These results suggest similar oxidative stress among fish from the reference and polluted locations and that long-term metals exposure may require adaptations toward oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Dias Borges
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Dornelles Zebral
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gomes Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Fonseca
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Daniele Klein
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália km 8, Campus Carreiros, 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Mena F, Vargas S, Guevara-Mora M, Vargas-Hernández JM, Ruepert C. Biotransformation and oxidative stress responses in fish (Astyanax aeneus) inhabiting a Caribbean estuary contaminated with pesticide residues from agricultural runoff. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:21481-21493. [PMID: 36271999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The estuarine ecosystem of Madre de Dios Lagoon (MDL), in the Caribbean Coast of Costa Rica, is exposed to contamination with pesticide residues coming from the upstream agricultural areas. Biomarkers can provide a better indication of the fitness of biota in real mixture exposure scenarios than traditional lethal dose toxicity measurements. Here, we measured biomarkers of biotransformation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity on Astyanax aeneus, an abundant fish species in MDL. Glutathione S-transferase activity (GST), catalase activity (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and cholinesterase activity (ChE) were measured in fish collected during seven sampling campaigns, carried out between 2016 and 2018. Pesticide residues were analyzed in surface water samples collected every time fish were sampled. Residues of 25 pesticides, including fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, were detected. The biomarkers measured in A. aeneus varied along the sampling moments, with biotransformation and oxidative stress signals showing a coupled response throughout the assessment. Furthermore, significant correlations were established between three biomarkers (GST, LPO, and CAT) and individual pesticides, as well as between GST and LPO with groups of pesticides with shared biocide action. Among pesticides, insecticide residues had a major influence on the responses observed in fish. This work demonstrates the chronic exposure to pesticide residues in MDL and how such exposure is related to physiological responses in fish that can affect their health and potentially, the trophic networks. This early warning information should be considered to improve the protection of estuarine ecosystems in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freylan Mena
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - Seiling Vargas
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Meyer Guevara-Mora
- Laboratorio de Entomología (LEUNA), Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - J Mauro Vargas-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Oceanografía Y Manejo Costero (LAOCOS), Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Servicio Regional de Información Oceanográfica (SERIO), Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Clemens Ruepert
- Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
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Camilo-Cotrim CF, de Souza Ondei L, de Almeida EA, Teresa FB. Fish biomarker responses reflect landscape anthropic disturbance in savanna streams. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:87828-87843. [PMID: 35821333 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance in the landscape surrounding streams can interfere with water quality and cause harm to aquatic organisms. In this study, we evaluate the influence of land use on the genetic and biochemical biomarkers of fish in streams of Brazilian savanna (Cerrado). We also evaluated whether biomarker responses are seasonally consistent. For this purpose, individuals of the Neotropical tetra fish Astyanax lacustris were exposed in cages for 96 h, in 13 streams draining agroecosystems with different degrees of disturbance during the dry and wet seasons. After exposure, blood, liver, and gills were collected for multibiomarker analyses (micronuclei, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and biotransformation enzyme). The results showed that the gradient of anthropic disturbance was positively associated with genotoxic damage (erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities) and negatively associated with antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes of the liver in both seasons. No association of the gradient of anthropic disturbance with the frequency of micronuclei and for most gill enzymes was found for both seasons. Landscape disturbance was also negatively associated with water quality in the wet season. These results indicate that changes in land use interfere with the genetic and biochemical processes of organisms. Thus, the multibiomarker approach may represent an effective strategy for assessing and monitoring terrestrial landscape disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Filipe Camilo-Cotrim
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central ‑ Sede Anápolis ‑ Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil.
| | - Luciana de Souza Ondei
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central ‑ Sede Anápolis ‑ Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, FURB, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Fabrício Barreto Teresa
- Laboratório de Biogeografia e Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central ‑ Sede Anápolis ‑ Ciências Exatas e tecnológicas, 459, Br 153, nº 3.105, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil
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de Paula AA, Risso WE, Martinez CBDR. What happens to Hoplias malabaricus fed on live prey (Astyanax altiparanae) previously exposed to copper? A multiple biomarker approach. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 252:106315. [PMID: 36195002 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper waterborne toxicity is well understood in aquatic organisms. However, the dietary copper effects are much less known, especially in tropical fish. The toxicity of copper via the trophic route could be influenced by the composition of the food, and diets naturally impregnated with copper seem to have greater toxicity at lower concentrations than artificially impregnated ones. Thus, our objective was to investigate the effects of copper on juveniles of the Neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus fed on live prey (Astyanax altiparanae) previously exposed to the metal (20 µg L - 1) for 96 h. The prey fish were given to H. malabaricus every 96 h, totaling 10 doses at the end of the experiment. Thus, after 40 days fish were killed and tissues were sampled. Blood showed to be the only tissue in which copper accumulated. Anemia was found and there was damage to the DNA of erythrocytes. Furthermore, ionic imbalances were observed in plasma. There was an increase in the concentration of Na+ and Cl- and a decrease in Ca2+, which were associated with increased copper uptake in the gastrointestinal tract of fish fed on copper exposed prey. All the antioxidant enzymes evaluated in the gills showed decreased activity compared to the control group. Copper seems to have interfered in the energy metabolism of H. malabaricus, since a lower condition factor and feed conversion efficiency rate were observed in fish fed with copper diet. The present study confirms the trophic route as an important copper toxicity pathway for H. malabaricus and reinforces the idea that metal toxicity can be increased when it is naturally impregnated in the prey tissues, even if the prey has been exposed to the metal only for a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Alves de Paula
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380. C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wagner Ezequiel Risso
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380. C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bueno Dos Reis Martinez
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Animal - Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380. C.P. 10011, CEP: 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Ríos JM, Tesitore G, de Mello FT. Does color play a predominant role in the intake of microplastics fragments by freshwater fish: an experimental approach with Psalidodon eigenmanniorum. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:49457-49464. [PMID: 35608768 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been reported in fish species from several freshwater environments. However, the mechanisms underlying MPs ingestion by fish are still unclear, although they are important to determine the pathway of MPs along freshwater environments food webs. Here, we investigates a fundamental question of why wild freshwater fish ingest plastic. To address this, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess MP fragments intake according to color (red, green, yellow, white, black, and blue) by a small omnivorous fish species Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (Characidae). Results showed that yellow and blue were the most consumed fragments, whereas fish avoided white fragments. Although it is not yet clear how plastic coloration relates to the selectivity and feeding of freshwater fish, the visual skills at a species-specific level could plausibly explain why certain colors are attractive or deterrent to a particular fish species. This data set can be used as a screening tool that could help to understand the mechanisms underlying the patterns of plastic ingestion by fish, with special emphasis on the color of plastic particles. Future research on mechanisms MPs intake by fish, also providing a multi-species approach is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Ríos
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CCT-CONICET), 5500, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Giancarlo Tesitore
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE, UDELAR), Tacuarembó entre Av. Artigas y Aparicio Saravia, 20000, Maldonado, Uruguay
| | - Franco Teixeira de Mello
- Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional del Este (CURE, UDELAR), Tacuarembó entre Av. Artigas y Aparicio Saravia, 20000, Maldonado, Uruguay
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Resende AC, Mauro Carneiro Pereira D, Cristina Schleger I, Dmengeon Pedreiro de Souza MR, Alvez Neundorf AK, Romão S, Herrerias T, Donatti L. Effects of heat shock on energy metabolism and antioxidant defence in a tropical fish species Psalidodon bifasciatus. J Fish Biol 2022; 100:1245-1263. [PMID: 35266159 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Predictions about global warming have raised interest in assessing whether ectothermic organisms will be able to adapt to these changes. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and metabolic adjustment capacity of fish subjected to heat stress can provide subsidies that may contribute to decision-making in relation to ecosystems and organisms subjected to global climate change. This study investigated the antioxidant defence system and energy metabolism of carbohydrate and protein responses in the gill, liver and kidney tissues of Psalidodon bifasciatus (Garavello & Sampaio 2010), a Brazilian freshwater fish used in aquaculture and in biological studies, following exposure to heat shock at 31°C for 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The fish presented signs of stress in all tissues tested, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation concentration at 2 h and phosphofructokinase, hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase activity at 48 h in the gills; increased glutathione-S-transferase activity at 12 h, citrate synthase activity at 24 h and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration at 12 and 48 h in the liver; and through increased activity of superoxide dismutase at 48 h, glutathione reductase at 24 h, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase at 48 h and concentration of GSH at 24 h in the kidney. In the kidneys, changes in the antioxidant system were more prominent, whereas in the gills, there were greater changes in the carbohydrate metabolism. These results indicated the importance of glycolysis and aerobic metabolism in the gills, aerobic metabolism in the liver and pentose-phosphate pathway in the kidneys during homeostasis. The biomarker response was tissue specific, with the greatest number of biomarkers altered in the gills, followed by those in the kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Resende
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ieda Cristina Schleger
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Romão
- Laranjeiras do Sul, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Herrerias
- Department of Health Promotion, Uniguairacá University Center, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Adaptive Biology Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program on Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Xiong S, Wang W, Kenzior A, Olsen L, Krishnan J, Persons J, Medley K, Peuß R, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhang N, Thomas N, Miles JM, Alvarado AS, Rohner N. Enhanced lipogenesis through Pparγ helps cavefish adapt to food scarcity. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2272-2280.e6. [PMID: 35390280 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient availability varies seasonally and spatially in the wild. While many animals, such as hibernating animals or migrating birds, evolved strategies to overcome periods of nutrient scarcity,1,2 the cellular mechanisms of these strategies are poorly understood. Cave environments represent an example of nutrient-deprived environments, since the lack of sunlight and therefore primary energy production drastically diminishes the nutrient availability.3 Here, we used Astyanax mexicanus, which includes river-dwelling surface fish and cave-adapted cavefish populations, to study the genetic adaptation to nutrient limitations.4-9 We show that cavefish populations store large amounts of fat in different body regions when fed ad libitum in the lab. We found higher expression of lipogenesis genes in cavefish livers when fed the same amount of food as surface fish, suggesting an improved ability of cavefish to use lipogenesis to convert available energy into triglycerides for storage into adipose tissue.10-12 Moreover, the lipid metabolism regulator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparγ), is upregulated at both transcript and protein levels in cavefish livers. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed that Pparγ binds cavefish promoter regions of genes to a higher extent than surface fish and inhibiting Pparγ in vivo decreases fat accumulation in A. mexicanus. Finally, we identified nonsense mutations in per2, a known repressor of Pparγ, providing a possible regulatory mechanism of Pparγ in cavefish. Taken together, our study reveals that upregulated Pparγ promotes higher levels of lipogenesis in the liver and contributes to higher body fat accumulation in cavefish populations, an important adaptation to nutrient-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Xiong
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Luke Olsen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jenna Persons
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Kyle Medley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Robert Peuß
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Yongfu Wang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nancy Thomas
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - John M Miles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Genetics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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10
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Reque R, Carneiro RD, Yamamoto FY, Ramsdorf WA, Martins LR, Guiloski IC, de Freitas AM. Ecotoxicity of losartan potassium in aquatic organisms of different trophic levels. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 87:103727. [PMID: 34454063 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of the antihypertensive losartan potassium (LOS) has culminated in its high occurrence in aquatic environments. However, insufficient studies had investigated its effects in non-target organisms. In this study, ecotoxicity of LOS was assessed in aquatic organisms from distinct trophic levels (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Daphnia magna, and Astyanax altiparanae). Genotoxicity was assessed by the comet assay in D. magna and A. altiparanae, and biochemical biomarkers for the fish. LOS was more toxic to D. subspicatus (EC50(72h) = 27.93 mg L-1) than D. magna (EC50 = 303.69 mg L-1). Subsequently, this drug showed to induce more DNA damage in D. magna than A. altiparanae, when exposed to 2.5 mg L-1. No significant stress responses were observed by the fish biomarkers, suggesting that higher trophic levels organisms are more tolerant to LOS toxicity. LOS showed relatively low toxic potential for a short period of exposure, but with different patterns of toxicity for the organisms from distinct trophic levels, contributing to further risk assessment of LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Reque
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Dayane Carneiro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Algarte Ramsdorf
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucia Regina Martins
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Izonete Cristina Guiloski
- Research Institute Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Martins de Freitas
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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11
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Henriques MB, Rezende KFO, Castilho-Barros L, Barbieri E. Sublethal effects of propiconazole on the metabolism of lambari Deuterodon iguape (Eigenmann 1907), a native species from Brazil. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1165-1177. [PMID: 34142328 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the sublethal effects of propiconazole on Deuterodon iguape, a native fish common in Brazil, which has potential for aquaculture and use as a bioindicator. The hypothesis was to test whether D. iguape has a metabolism similar to Danio rerio so that its use in bioassays may be validated. Lethal concentration (LC50) and metabolic rates were studied in fish exposed to propiconazole. Specific oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion for D. iguape and D. rerio increased by 0.01 µg L-1 and then decreased as the propiconazole concentration increased. The decrease in the averages of specific oxygen consumption at the concentration of 0.1 µg L-1 represented a reduction in the metabolic rate compared to the control of 71% for D. iguape and 40% D. rerio. For the ammonia excretion, at the same concentration, there was a reduction of 68.7% and 45.4% for D. iguape and D. rerio, respectively. When comparing ammonia excretion of the two species for each concentration of propiconazole, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in relation to the control and for the highest concentration (0.1 µg L-1). As for specific oxygen consumption, there was a statistically significant difference only for the concentration of 0.1 µg L-1. D. iguape proved to be a good and useful bioindicator for ichthyologists or ecologists in studies of moderate pesticide contamination in freshwater aquatic environments, as its metabolic response was similar to D. rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Barbosa Henriques
- Instituto de Pesca-Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 192, Ponta da Praia, Santos, SP, 11030-906, Brazil.
| | - Karina Fernandes Oliveira Rezende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Castilho-Barros
- Instituto de Pesca-Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 192, Ponta da Praia, Santos, SP, 11030-906, Brazil
| | - Edison Barbieri
- Instituto de Pesca Governo Do Estado de São Paulo, Av. Professor Wladimir Besnard, s/n, Cananéia, SP, 11990-000, Brazil
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12
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Paschoalini AL, Savassi LA, Weber AA, Moreira DP, Ribeiro YM, Rizzo E, Bazzoli N. Evaluation of the oestrogenic potential of oestrone and bisphenol-A on the reproduction of Astyanax bimaculatus males after subacute exposure. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:797-810. [PMID: 33665751 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, oestrogenic compounds have often been reported in environmentally relevant concentrations in aquatic environments around the world. Most laboratory studies of oestrogens try to understand the effects of a single contaminant, but in natural environments, the effects may be quite different due to interactions with other compounds. The present study aimed to compare the action of oestrone (E1) and bisphenol-A (BPA), acting singularly and in combination, on the spermatogenesis of Astyanax bimaculatus. After exposure to 100 ng/L of E1, BPA and a mixture of the two for 15 days, our results showed that E1 and the E1 + BPA mixture significantly altered the number of spermatogenic cells. BPA presented high cytotoxicity when compared to other treatments. Analysis of the two oestrogenic compounds suggests that the E1 + BPA mixture has no additive or synergistic effects. Together, the results of the present study indicate that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) analysed alone may behave differently than when administered with other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Loureiro Paschoalini
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Lourenço Almeida Savassi
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - André Alberto Weber
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert Tukey Lab, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yves Moreira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universdidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil.
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13
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Barbosa P, Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Marques A, da Silva M, Favero GM, Sobreiro BP, de Almeida MC, Moreira-Filho O, Silva DMZDA, Porto-Foresti F, Foresti F, Artoni RF. Silencing of Transposable Elements Mediated by 5-mC and Compensation of the Heterochromatin Content by Presence of B Chromosomes in Astyanax scabripinnis. Cells 2021; 10:1162. [PMID: 34064768 PMCID: PMC8151356 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The way in which transcriptional activity overcomes the physical DNA structure and gene regulation mechanisms involves complex processes that are not yet fully understood. Modifications in the cytosine-guanine sequence of DNA by 5-mC are preferentially located in heterochromatic regions and are related to gene silencing. Herein, we investigate evidence of epigenetic regulation related to the B chromosome model and transposable elements in A. scabripinnis. Indirect immunofluorescence using anti-5-mC to mark methylated regions was employed along with quantitative ELISA to determine the total genomic DNA methylation level. 5-mC signals were dispersed in the chromosomes of both females and males, with preferential accumulation in the B chromosome. In addition to the heterochromatic methylated regions, our results suggest that methylation is associated with transposable elements (LINE and Tc1-Mariner). Heterochromatin content was measured based on the C-band length in relation to the size of chromosome 1. The B chromosome in A. scabripinnis comprises heterochromatin located in the pericentromeric region of both arms of this isochromosome. In this context, individuals with B chromosomes should have an increased heterochromatin content when compared to individuals that do not. Although, both heterochromatin content and genome methylation showed no significant differences between sexes or in relation to the occurrence of B chromosomes. Our evidence suggests that the B chromosome can have a compensation effect on the heterochromatin content and that methylation possibly operates to silence TEs in A. scabripinnis. This represents a sui generis compensation and gene activity buffering mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Barbosa
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (P.B.); (O.M.-F.)
| | - Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (Z.S.-G.); (M.d.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
| | - André Marques
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil;
| | - Maelin da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (Z.S.-G.); (M.d.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
| | - Giovani Marino Favero
- Department of General Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Bernardo Passos Sobreiro
- Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Mara Cristina de Almeida
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (Z.S.-G.); (M.d.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
| | - Orlando Moreira-Filho
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (P.B.); (O.M.-F.)
| | - Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (D.M.Z.d.A.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Fábio Porto-Foresti
- Faculty of Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 01049-010, SP, Brazil;
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences at Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (D.M.Z.d.A.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís Km 235, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil; (P.B.); (O.M.-F.)
- Post Graduate Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Structural, Molecular and Genetic Biology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (Z.S.-G.); (M.d.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
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14
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Assis CBD, Branco GS, Moreira RG, Pinheiro JPS. Aluminum at environmental concentrations affects the sperm quality of the freshwater teleost Astyanax altiparanae: An in vitro study. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 243:108983. [PMID: 33493667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.108983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is present in rivers and reservoirs in concentrations above that is allowed by regulatory agencies (e.g. 0.5 mg L-1 Al), which can impair fish reproduction. The present study evaluated the in vitro effects on the sperm of Astyanax altiparanae upon Al exposure at different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg L-1) with various exposure periods (50 s, 10 min, and 30 min). The following biomarkers were evaluated: membrane vitality, DNA fragmentation, morphology, kinetics (10 s and 30 s after sperm activation), and sperm mitochondrial activity. Al damages the membrane vitality of gametes at 0.3 and 0.5 mg L-1 after 50 s of exposure. After 30 min of exposure, there was a decrease in membrane vitality at 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1, and the membrane vitality decreased with increased exposure time. Within 30 s after sperm activation, Al (0.3 and 0.5 mg L-1) reduced sperm motility by more than 50% at the longest exposure time, while at 0.1 and 0.5 mg L-1, Al exposure reduced motility over time. The average path speed (VAP; 10 s post-sperm activation) was reduced at longer exposure times at 0.05 and 0.5 mg L-1 of Al. Increased exposure time had deleterious effects on mitochondrial activity at the highest concentrations tested. Al did not damage DNA and sperm morphology. In conclusion, Al negatively influences the sperm quality of A. altiparanae with a potential effect of exposure time and increasing concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Bertacini de Assis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Souza Branco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 101, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Destro ALF, Silva SB, Gregório KP, de Oliveira JM, Lozi AA, Zuanon JAS, Salaro AL, da Matta SLP, Gonçalves RV, Freitas MB. Effects of subchronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the herbicide atrazine in the Neotropical fish Astyanax altiparanae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111601. [PMID: 33396121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is among the most widely used herbicides in the world, and yet it has a potential to contaminate aquatic environments due to pesticide leaching from agricultural areas. In the Neotropical region, studies about the effects of this herbicide in native aquatic wildlife is scarce.Our study aimed at investigating the effects of a 30-day exposure to a commercial atrazine formulation on oxidative stress parameters, histopathology in testis and liver, and hormone levels in males and female of yellow-tailed tetra fish (Astyanax altiparanae). Adults were exposed to low but environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine as follows: 0 (CTL-control), 0.5 (ATZ0.5), 1 (ATZ1), 2 (ATZ2) and 10 (ATZ10) μg/L. Our results showed decreased GST activity in gills in all groups of exposed animals and increased CAT activity in gills from the ATZ10 group. In the liver, there was an increase in lipid peroxidation in fish from ATZ1 and ATZ2 groups. Histological analysis of the liver showed increased percentage of sinusoid capillaries in ATZ2 fish, increased vascular congestion in ATZ1 and increased leukocyte infiltration in the ATZ10 group. Hepatocyte diameter analysis revealed a decrease in cell size in all groups exposed to ATZ, and a decrease in hepatocyte nucleus diameter in ATZ1, ATZ2 and ATZ10 groups. Endocrine parameters did not show significant changes following ATZ exposure, although an increase of triiodothyronine/thyroxine (T3/T4) ratio was observed in ATZ2 fish. Our results provide evidence that even low, environmentally relevant concentrations of ATZ produced oxidative damage and histological alterations in adult yellow-tailed tetra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza F Destro
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Stella B Silva
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Kemilli P Gregório
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda A Lozi
- Department of Cellular and structural Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Salaro
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariella B Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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16
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Gonçalves C, Marins AT, do Amaral AMB, Nunes MEM, Müller TE, Severo E, Feijó A, Rodrigues CCR, Zanella R, Prestes OD, Clasen B, Loro VL. Ecological impacts of pesticides on Astyanax jacuhiensis (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Uruguay river, Brazil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 205:111314. [PMID: 32956866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian freshwater ecosystems are continuously exposed to pesticides and domestic sewage. The Uruguay River was chosen for this study because of its international importance, as it flows through Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. It receives contaminants such as pesticides and domestic residues. Thus, the aim of this study to assess the accumulation of pesticides in muscle of the fish Astyanax jacuhiensis, its biochemical responses, and the presence of pesticides in water. In total, seven pesticides were registered in water from both river sites. Eight pesticides were detected in fish muscle. The biochemical responses showed that brain lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) in A. jacuhiensis were higher in the summer. Muscle showed the highest LPO levels in the spring and the highest PC in the summer. Liver LPO and PC levels were higher in the spring and summer. In the gills, the PC was higher in the spring and the LPO in the spring and winter. In the brain and in the gills, glutathione-S-transferase activity was high in the summer and autumn. Catalase activity was lower during the winter and spring. Non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels were lower in the brain in the winter and spring. Muscle tissue showed lower NPSH in the winter (site 1). Liver NPSH showed increased levels in liver in the spring and winter (site 2). The biochemical results clearly is related to pesticides and/or to the presence of other contaminants in the water such as metals or domestic sewage. The accumulation of pesticides in fish muscle added evidence that pesticides have been used in the area surrounding the Uruguay River. In conclusion, the biomarkers assayed in the present study could be used in future investigations considering other sampling sites along Uruguay River.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mauro Eugênio Medina Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Talise Ellwanger Müller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Brazil
| | - Adriane Feijó
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Brazil
| | - Cíntia C R Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105.900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Clasen
- Departmento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Do Rio Grande Do Sul, 98600-000, Três Passos, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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17
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Riddle MR, Aspiras A, Damen F, Hutchinson JN, Chinnapen D, Tabin J, Tabin CJ. Genetic architecture underlying changes in carotenoid accumulation during the evolution of the blind Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus. J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol 2020; 334:405-422. [PMID: 32488995 PMCID: PMC7708440 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble yellow to orange pigments produced by plants, bacteria, and fungi. They are consumed by animals and metabolized to produce molecules essential for gene regulation, vision, and pigmentation. Cave animals represent an interesting opportunity to understand how carotenoid utilization evolves. Caves are devoid of light, eliminating primary production of energy through photosynthesis and, therefore, limiting carotenoid availability. Moreover, the selective pressures that favor carotenoid-based traits, like pigmentation and vision, are relaxed. Astyanax mexicanus is a species of fish with multiple river-adapted (surface) and cave-adapted populations (i.e., Tinaja, Pachón, Molino). Cavefish exhibit regressive features, such as loss of eyes and melanin pigment, and constructive traits, like increased sensory neuromasts and starvation resistance. Here, we show that, unlike surface fish, Tinaja and Pachón cavefish accumulate carotenoids in the visceral adipose tissue. Carotenoid accumulation is not observed in Molino cavefish, indicating that it is not an obligatory consequence of eye loss. We used quantitative trait loci mapping and RNA sequencing to investigate genetic changes associated with carotenoid accumulation. Our findings suggest that multiple stages of carotenoid processing may be altered in cavefish, including absorption and transport of lipids, cleavage of carotenoids into unpigmented molecules, and differential development of intestinal cell types involved in carotenoid assimilation. Our study establishes A. mexicanus as a model to study the genetic basis of natural variation in carotenoid accumulation and how it impacts physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misty R. Riddle
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ariel Aspiras
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Current affiliation: Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Fleur Damen
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - John N. Hutchinson
- Department of Biostatistics, The Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Daniel Chinnapen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Julius Tabin
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Clifford J. Tabin
- Genetics Department, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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18
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Garnero PL, Monferran MV, Bistoni MDLÁ. Uptake, tissue distribution and elimination in a native fish species Astyanax eigenmanniorum exposed to inorganic mercury. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 226:105567. [PMID: 32745893 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing contamination of water bodies with mercury (Hg) raises concerns about the possible effects of this metal on native fish species. Our current understanding of its dynamics in fish organs remains limited. In this study, adult individuals of the native species Astyanax eigenmanniorum were exposed to three environmentally relevant HgCl2 concentrations (5, 100, and 170 μg L-1) for 96 h. To evaluate total Hg (THg) elimination, new individuals were exposed to 100 μg L-1 of HgCl2 (96 h), and at the end of the exposure period, half of the fish were placed in tanks with clean water for 168 h. In both assays, the organs were removed, and THg levels were measured using ICP-MS. The uptake of IHg in A. eigenmanniorum showed a differential accumulation in the organs. Gills, intestine, and brain were the tissues with the highest THg levels. Finally, no elimination of THg in the water was observed, but intestine and gills significantly removed the THg accumulated. Probably a Hg redistribution through the tissues could take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola L Garnero
- IDEA - Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magdalena V Monferran
- CIBICI - Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (5000), Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Bistoni
- IDEA - Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299 (X5000JJC), Córdoba, Argentina.
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19
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Marins AT, Severo ES, Leitemperger JW, Cerezer C, Muller TE, Costa MD, Weimer GH, Bandeira NMG, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Loro VL. Assessment of River Water Quality in an Agricultural Region of Brazil Using Biomarkers in a Native Neotropical Fish, Astyanax spp. (Characidae). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 104:575-581. [PMID: 32166333 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agricultural and livestock activities demand high pesticide use and, consequently, contaminants reach aquatic ecosystems. In the lower Jacuí River, southern Brazil, there is a lack of knowledge about pesticide residues in water samples and the biochemical responses in native fish species. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the influence of pesticide residues and water parameters to biomarker responses in the native fish Astyanax spp. We performed seasonal biomonitoring in 2017 with water samples and fish collections. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidants, biotransformation, and neurotoxicity were analyzed in fish tissues. Fourteen pesticide residues were detected; they presented correlations with detoxification enzyme and oxidative stress biomarkers. These data indicate that most of variations can be related to the pesticide presence in water indicating high aquatic pollution in this place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Stringini Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jossiele Wesz Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cerezer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Talise Elwanger Muller
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maiara Dorneles Costa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Weimer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática (Labtaq), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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20
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Garcia D, Lima D, da Silva DGH, de Almeida EA. Decreased malondialdehyde levels in fish (Astyanax altiparanae) exposed to diesel: Evidence of metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the liver and excretion in water. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 190:110107. [PMID: 31901814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are commonly considered an indicator of lipid peroxidation derived from oxidative stress insults promoted by exposure of fish to pollutants. However, a decrease in MDA levels after xenobiotic exposure has been also reported, an effect that is mostly attributed to enhanced antioxidant defenses. In this study, we assessed whether pollutant-mediated MDA decrease would be associated with antioxidant enhancement or with its metabolism by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver and gills of lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) exposed to diesel oil (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mL/L). MDA levels were decreased in the liver of lambari exposed to diesel. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were unchanged in the liver, while that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was decreased. In contrast, levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased in the liver, which partly support antioxidant protection against lipid peroxidation. More importantly, ALDH activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner, being negatively correlated with MDA levels, indicating MDA metabolism by ALDH. In the gills, diesel exposure increased MDA and lipid hydroperoxide levels, and promoted increases in antioxidant defenses, indicating oxidative stress. Curiously, ALDH activity was undetectable in the gills, supporting the possibility of direct MDA excretion in the water by the gills. Analyses of MDA in the water revealed increased levels of MDA in the aquaria in which the fish were exposed to diesel, compared to control aquaria. A second experiment was carried out in which the fish were intraperitoneally injected with MDA (10 mg/kg) and analyzed after 1, 6, and 12 h. MDA injection caused a time-dependent decrease in hepatic MDA levels, did not alter ALDH, CAT, GPx, and GST activities, and decreased G6PDH activity and tGSH levels. In the gills, MDA injection caused a slight increase in MDA levels after 1 h, but did not alter GPx, G6PDH, and GST activities. MDA injection also enhanced CAT activity and tGSH levels in the gills. MDA concentration in water increased progressively after 1, 6, and 12 h, supporting the hypothesis of direct MDA excretion as an alternative route for MDA elimination in fish. Our results suggest that the decreased MDA levels after exposure of lambari to diesel oil pollutant probably reflects an association between enhanced antioxidant protection, MDA metabolism, and MDA excretion in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Garcia
- UNESP - Sao Paulo State University, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- UFSC - Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Biochemistry, Florianópolis, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- FURB - Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Department of Natural Sciences, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
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Lei L, Escobedo R, Sire C, Theraulaz G. Computational and robotic modeling reveal parsimonious combinations of interactions between individuals in schooling fish. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007194. [PMID: 32176680 PMCID: PMC7098660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated motion and collective decision-making in fish schools result from complex interactions by which individuals integrate information about the behavior of their neighbors. However, little is known about how individuals integrate this information to take decisions and control their motion. Here, we combine experiments with computational and robotic approaches to investigate the impact of different strategies for a fish to interact with its neighbors on collective swimming in groups of rummy-nose tetra (Hemigrammus rhodostomus). By means of a data-based agent model describing the interactions between pairs of H. rhodostomus (Calovi et al., 2018), we show that the simple addition of the pairwise interactions with two neighbors quantitatively reproduces the collective behavior observed in groups of five fish. Increasing the number of interacting neighbors does not significantly improve the simulation results. Remarkably, and even without confinement, we find that groups remain cohesive and polarized when each agent interacts with only one of its neighbors: the one that has the strongest contribution to the heading variation of the focal agent, dubbed as the "most influential neighbor". However, group cohesion is lost when each agent only interacts with its nearest neighbor. We then investigate by means of a robotic platform the collective motion in groups of five robots. Our platform combines the implementation of the fish behavioral model and a control system to deal with real-world physical constraints. A better agreement with experimental results for fish is obtained for groups of robots only interacting with their most influential neighbor, than for robots interacting with one or even two nearest neighbors. Finally, we discuss the biological and cognitive relevance of the notion of "most influential neighbors". Overall, our results suggest that fish have to acquire only a minimal amount of information about their environment to coordinate their movements when swimming in groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Lei
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Ramón Escobedo
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Clément Sire
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, CNRS and Université de Toulouse – Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Guy Theraulaz
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse—Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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22
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Mora-Solarte DA, Calderón-Delgado IC, Velasco-Santamaría YM. Biochemical responses and proximate analysis of Piaractus brachypomus (Pisces: Characidae) exposed to phenanthrene. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108649. [PMID: 31669663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex compounds generated from industrial and anthropogenic activities, although natural phenomena are also responsible for their presence in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phenanthrene on proximate composition and antioxidant activity in Piaractus brachypomus during a subacute exposure. Fish were exposed intraperitoneally to phenanthrene (0.1, 1.0, and 10 μg g-1) and a solvent control (0 μg g-1). Muscle tissue, liver and bile were collected at 0 h, 11 days and 21 days. In dorsal muscle, parameters such as dry matter, protein, crude fat, and pH did not show alterations with exposure to phenanthrene (p ≥ 0.05). At 11 days, a significant increase of hepatic lipid peroxidation was observed in fish exposed to 10 μg g-1. Additionally, a dose-dependent response was observed in the muscle, although no significant differences were observed in the activity of catalase and lipid peroxidation. Phenanthrene metabolites in bile were analyzed by fixed fluorescence at 260/380 nm (excitation/emission) wavelengths and levels indicated a dose-dependent response. Likewise, bioaccumulation of phenanthrene in bile was observed for 21 days, suggesting slow metabolism of this xenobiotic at 10 μg g-1. This study provides important information on the oxidative effects generated by phenanthrene exposure for 21 days in P. brachypomus, generating fundamental information on adverse effects induced by PAHs on the most important Colombian native fish species. These data contribute to the development of additional research in environments contaminated with PAHs and can be applied to monitor areas contaminated with oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Alejandro Mora-Solarte
- Grupo de investigación en Biotecnología y Toxicología Acuática y Ambiental - BioTox, Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, km 12 vía Puerto López, vereda Barcelona, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Ivonne Catherine Calderón-Delgado
- Grupo de investigación en Biotecnología y Toxicología Acuática y Ambiental - BioTox, Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, km 12 vía Puerto López, vereda Barcelona, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia
| | - Yohana María Velasco-Santamaría
- Grupo de investigación en Biotecnología y Toxicología Acuática y Ambiental - BioTox, Escuela de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de los Llanos, km 12 vía Puerto López, vereda Barcelona, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia.
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23
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Castro JP, Hattori RS, Yoshinaga TT, Silva DMZDA, Ruiz-Ruano FJ, Foresti F, Santos MH, de Almeida MC, Moreira-Filho O, Artoni RF. Differential Expression of Genes Related to Sexual Determination Can Modify the Reproductive Cycle of Astyanax scabripinnis (Characiformes: Characidae) in B Chromosome Carrier Individuals. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E909. [PMID: 31717315 PMCID: PMC6896079 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The species complex Astyanax scabripinnis is one of the most studied with respect to origin, distribution, and frequency of B chromosomes, and is considered a model organism for evolutionary studies. Research using population inferences about the occurrence and frequency of the B chromosome shows seasonal variation between sexes, which is associated with the presence of this supernumerary element. We hypothesized that the B chromosome could influence the sex ratio of these animals. Based on this assumption, the present work aimed to investigate if differences exist among levels of gene expression with qRT-PCR of the amh (associated with testicular differentiation) and foxl2a (associated with ovarian differentiation) genes between B-carrier and non-B-carrier individuals. The results showed that for the amh gene, the difference in expression between animals with B chromosomes was not accentuated compared to that in animals without this chromosome. Expression of foxl2a in B-carrier females, however, was reduced by 73.56% compared to females that lacked the B chromosome. Males had no difference in expression of the amh and foxl2a genes between carriers and non-carriers of the B chromosome. Results indicate that the presence of B chromosomes is correlated with the differential expression of sex-associated genes. An analysis of these results integrated with data from other studies on the reproductive cycle in the same species reveals that this difference in expression may be expanding the reproductive cycle of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pena Castro
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva e Genética Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (O.M.-F.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Ricardo Shohei Hattori
- Estação Experimental de Salmonicultura de Campos do Jordão, UPD-CJ (APTA/SAA), Campos do Jordão, São Paulo, SP 12460-000, Brazil;
| | - Túlio Teruo Yoshinaga
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Cirurgia, Universidade de São Paulo, Butantã, Rua Professor Orlando Marque Paiva, São Paulo, SP 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; (D.M.Z.d.A.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Junior, s/n, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil; (D.M.Z.d.A.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Mateus Henrique Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
| | - Mara Cristina de Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
| | - Orlando Moreira-Filho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva e Genética Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (O.M.-F.); (R.F.A.)
| | - Roberto Ferreira Artoni
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva e Genética Molecular, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (O.M.-F.); (R.F.A.)
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural, Molecular e Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Ponta Grossa, PR 84030-900, Brazil; (M.H.S.); (M.C.d.A.)
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Francisco CDM, Bertolino SM, De Oliveira Júnior RJ, Morelli S, Pereira BB. Genotoxicity assessment of polluted urban streams using a native fish Astyanax altiparanae. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:514-523. [PMID: 31140379 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1624235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water quality has declined globally due to increased contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The use of fish genotoxicity biomarkers may improve and complement parameters for environmental risk assessment. The aim of this study was to assess the genotoxicity of samples collected from streams of the Jordão River, a tributary of the Paranaíba River, Brazil with different levels of metal contamination, utilizing a native fish species to determine the sensitivity and viability of implementing a useful, reliable technique for routine biomonitoring programs. Chemical analysis of water and sediments collected from different sites indicated that a gradient of contamination existed as evidenced by different concentrations of metals detected. After chronic exposure to contaminated samples, micronucleus (MN) frequencies in fish erythrocytes were measured and correlation with environmental parameters determined. Sites where the water concentrations of the metals aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were high indicating a greater genotoxic potential of these elements. At the samples collected from the urban zone, a gradual increase was found for chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) indicative of adverse impacts of discharge of urban effluents. Data demonstrated that Astyanax altiparanae, used in the test, exhibited a reliable sensitivity for detection of genotoxic consequences attributed to exposure to water samples collected near the discharge of industrial and domestic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sueli Moura Bertolino
- b Institute of Agrarian Sciences , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Morelli
- a Institute of Geography , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Boscolli Barbosa Pereira
- c Institute of Geography , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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25
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Pinheiro JPS, Assis CBD, Muñoz-Peñuela M, Barbosa Júnior F, Correia TG, Moreira RG. Water temperature and acid pH influence the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aluminum in the freshwater teleost Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characidae). Chemosphere 2019; 220:266-274. [PMID: 30590293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals, including aluminum (Al), can be potentiated by temperature and acid pH, a concern in view of the current global warming scenario. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioconcentration of Al in the testes and semen of Astyanax altiparanae and the potential of this metal, at different environmental temperatures and acid pH, to cause cytotoxicity and genotocixity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa. A. altiparanae males were divided into nine experimental groups: at each of three different water temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C), the fish were exposed to a neutral pH, an acid pH and acidic water containing Al (0.5 mg.L-1). The fish were subjected to subacute, semi-static exposure and sampled at 24 and 96 h. After each exposure period the comet assay (blood and semen) and micronucleus test (blood) were performed. Bioconcentration of Al was evaluated in the testes and semen. Exposure time and temperature influenced the Al bioconcentration pattern in the testes. Al concentration in the semen was higher in fish exposed at 20 and 25 °C (24 h). The DNA fragmentation score for the semen and blood was higher in fish exposed to Al at 20 (24 h) and 30 °C (96 h). The frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes was higher in the group exposed to Al at 30 °C (96 h). It was concluded that Al bioconcentrates in the testes and semen of A. altiparanae at different temperatures and is potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic to erythrocytes and spermatozoa in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Bertacini de Assis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Café Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Gabriel Correia
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Biological Sciences Course, Juscelino Kubitschek Highway, Km 02 - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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26
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Branco GS, Melo AG, Ricci JMB, Digmayer M, de Jesus LWO, Habibi HR, Nóbrega RH. Effects of GnRH and the dual regulatory actions of GnIH in the pituitary explants and brain slices of Astyanax altiparanae males. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 273:209-217. [PMID: 30098316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pituitary gonadotropins, Fsh (follicle-stimulating hormone) and Lh (luteinizing hormone), regulate testicular development and functions in all vertebrates. At the pituitary, different signaling systems regulate the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins, such as the hypothalamic neuropeptides GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) and GnIH (gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone). While GnRH exerts stimulatory roles, the actions of GnIH remain controversial for many teleost species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of chicken GnRH2 (cGnRH2) and zebrafish GnIH-3 (zGnIH-3) on the male gonadotropin and GnRH system expression using pituitary explants and brain slices from a neotropical species with economical and ecological relevance, Astyanax altiparanae. Our results showed that in males, cGnRH2 increased fshb and lhb mRNA levels in the pituitary explants. Interestingly, zGnIH-3 has no effect on basal gonadotropin expression, however zGnIH-3 decreased the cGnRH2-induced fshb and lhb transcripts in male pituitary explants. In the male brain slices, zGnIH-3 showed stimulatory effects, increasing gnrh2 mRNA levels. Overall, our results suggested that GnIH seems to have dual regulatory actions on gonadotropin and GnRH2 expression of A. altiparanae males. This study provided basic information on endocrine regulation of A. altiparanae reproduction, and the obtained results will expand our knowledge, improving the reproductive management of this economically important freshwater species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Souza Branco
- Aquaculture Center of São Paulo State University (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Campus, Jaboticabal, Brazil; Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aline Gomes Melo
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Juliana M B Ricci
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Melanie Digmayer
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lázaro W O de Jesus
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas - A. C., Simões Campus, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Hamid R Habibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Weber AA, Moreira DP, Melo RMC, Vieira ABC, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Stage-specific testicular protein levels of the oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and Cyp19 and association with oestrogenic contamination in the lambari Astyanax rivularis (Pisces: Characidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:34403-34413. [PMID: 30306442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oestrogens participate in various biological processes such as oogenesis, vitellogenesis and testicular development, but studies regarding the distribution and protein levels of oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase (Cyp19) in testis are rarely investigated in fish species. The aim of the present study was to analyse the expression pattern of ERα, ERβ and Cyp19 in testis of Astyanax rivularis and, in addition, to verify if oestrogenic contamination interferes in the expression levels of these proteins. Quarterly, field samplings were carried out during a reproductive cycle in a stream of the Upper Velhas River with a good conservation status (site S1). In the gonadal maturation peak (June), when ripe stage was most abundant, fish collection was made in three streams: S1, reference site, and S2 and S3, sites contaminated by untreated sewage. The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated labelling of Cyp19 in Leydig cells and acidophilic granulocytes, but spermatogonia, Sertoli cells, spermatids and spermatozoa were also labelled. ERα was more widely distributed than ERβ being found in all developmental germ cell phases. On the other hand, ERβ was found only in spermatogonia and spermatocytes. During testicular maturation, ELISA levels for Cyp19, ERα and ERβ followed the gonadosomatic index (GSI) with significant higher values in the ripe stage. Regarding to endocrine disruption, the males exposed to domestic sewage presented significant higher expression of Cyp19 and ERα when compared to the non-exposed fish. Together, our results demonstrate expression patterns of Cyp19, ERα and ERβ in the testis of A. rivularis. In addition, we indicate ERα and Cyp19 as sensitive biomarkers for monitoring of oestrogenic contamination in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Alberto Weber
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, C.P.486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Davidson Peruci Moreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, C.P.486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, C.P.486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Augusto Bicalho Cruz Vieira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, C.P.486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30535-610, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, C.P.486, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil.
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Cimbaluk GV, Ramsdorf WA, Perussolo MC, Santos HKF, Da Silva De Assis HC, Schnitzler MC, Schnitzler DC, Carneiro PG, Cestari MM. Evaluation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes toxicity in two fish species. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 150:215-223. [PMID: 29287268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Nanotubes are among the most promising materials for the technology industry. Their unique physical and chemical proprieties may reduce the production costs and improve the efficiency of a large range of products. However, the same characteristics that have made nanomaterials interesting for industry may be responsible for inducing toxic effects on the aquatic organisms. Since the carbon nanotubes toxicity is still a controversial issue, we performed tests of acute and subchronic exposure to a commercial sample of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in two fish species, an exotic model (Danio rerio) and a native one (Astyanax altiparanae). Using the alkaline version of the comet assay on erythrocytes and the piscine micronucleous, also performed on erythrocytes, it was verified that the tested carbon nanotubes sample did not generate apparent genotoxicity by means of single/double DNA strand break or clastogenic/aneugenic effects over any of the species, independently of the exposure period. Although, our findings indicate the possibility of the occurrence of CNTs-DNA crosslinks. Apparently, the sample tested induces oxidative stress after subchronic exposure as shown by activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The data obtained by the activity levels of acetylcholinesterase suggests acute neurotoxicity in Astyanax altiparanae and subchronic neurotoxicity in Danio rerio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovani Valentin Cimbaluk
- Laboratório de citogenética animal e mutagênese ambiental da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Wanessa Algarte Ramsdorf
- Laboratório de ecotoxicologia da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariane Cristina Schnitzler
- Laboratório de química orgânica e nanoestruturas da Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Caroline Schnitzler
- Laboratório de Estudos em Matrizes Ambientais: Sedimento, Solo e Água Universidade - Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gontijo Carneiro
- Laboratório de química orgânica e nanoestruturas da Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Laboratório de citogenética animal e mutagênese ambiental da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Gonçalves CR, Marins AT, do Amaral AMB, Leitemperger J, Severo ES, Moraes BS, Zanella R, Loro VL. Biochemical Responses in Freshwater Fish Exposed to Insecticide Propoxur. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:524-528. [PMID: 29464278 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although designed to control pests selectively, there is some evidence that environmental contamination by pesticides increases risks for humans and wildlife. In the present study, we evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress in Astyanax jacuhiensis exposed to (5, 15 and 30 µg L-1) of carbamate Propoxur (PPX) for 96 h. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) in liver and gills showed reduced activity in all PPX concentrations tested. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities reduced in brain and muscle at concentrations 15 and 30 µg L-1 of PPX. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hydrogen peroxide (HP) had no significant differences. In the brain, protein carbonyl (PC) increased in all groups treated with PPX. Although PPX is a selective pesticide, it causes oxidative damage and enzyme alteration in fish. This study pointed out some biomarkers that could be used to assess effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of pesticides, and infer about studies using fish as bioindicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carjone Rosa Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Marins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Jossiele Leitemperger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Stringini Severo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Silveira Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vania Lucia Loro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Tolussi CE, Gomes ADO, Kumar A, Ribeiro CS, Lo Nostro FL, Bain PA, de Souza GB, Cuña RD, Honji RM, Moreira RG. Environmental pollution affects molecular and biochemical responses during gonadal maturation of Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 147:926-934. [PMID: 28985654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have the potential to alter fish reproduction at various levels of organization. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a natural environment with heavily anthropogenic influence on the physiological processes involved in reproduction in the freshwater fish lambari (Astyanax fasciatus) using different biomarkers. Adult males and females were collected in different seasons from two distinct sites in the same watershed: Ponte Nova Reservoir (PN) considered a pristine or small anthropogenic influence reference point; and Billings Reservoir (Bil), subjected to a large anthropogenic impact. Biological indices, such as hepatosomatic index and gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonadal histomorphology, fecundity, and biomarkers such as plasma levels of estradiol (E2) as well as hepatic gene expression of its alfa nuclear receptor (ERα), were analyzed. Hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) gene expression was evaluated in both sexes, as an indicator of xenoestrogen exposure. Females collected at PN presented a typical annual variation reflected in GSI, whereas for those sampled at Bil the index did not change through the seasons. The higher concentration of E2 in males collected at Bil during spring/2013, together with the detection of VTG gene expression, suggest the presence of EDCs in the water. These EDCs may have also influenced fecundity of females from Bil, which was higher during winter and spring/2013. Gene expression of ERα and ovarian morphology did not differ between fish from both sites. Water conditions from Bil reservoir impacted by anthropic activity clearly interfered mainly with biomarkers of biological effect such as plasma E2 levels and absolute and relative fecundity, but also altered biomarkers of exposure as VTG gene expression. These facts support the notion that waterborne EDCs are capable of causing estrogenic activity in A. fasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Tolussi
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Trav.14, n° 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline D Olio Gomes
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Trav.14, n° 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Cristiele S Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Campus de Ilha Solteira, Rua Monção, n°226, 15385-000 Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Peter A Bain
- Environmental Contaminant Mitigation and Technologies Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 2, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gabriela B de Souza
- Centro de Aquicultura (CAUNESP). Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, V. Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires & IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renato M Honji
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Trav.14, n° 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata G Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo. Rua do Matão, Trav.14, n° 321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nimet J, Guimarães ATB, Delariva RL. Use of Muscular Cholinesterase of Astyanax bifasciatus (Teleostei, Characidae) as a Biomarker in Biomonitoring of Rural Streams. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2017; 99:232-238. [PMID: 28516254 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured in Astyanax bifasciatus maintained in controlled conditions. Muscle ChE activity of individuals collected in field conditions in two seasons was compared among specimens collected in seven streams (forest and rural) of the lower Iguaçu river basin in association with physical, chemical, pesticides and biological factors. Significant differences in muscle ChE activity between control fish and fish collected in streams in both seasons were found, with higher activity in natural conditions. This the first time that differences in muscle ChE activity have been found among fish collected from different streams, suggesting synergism among multiple factors (e.g. temperature, pH, animal weight) and ecological attributes (richness and abundance) as influencing the variation in biomarkers. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of aquatic environments for a more accurate biomonitoring approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jardel Nimet
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Caixa postal 711, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil.
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Caixa postal 711, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Luciana Delariva
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária 2069, Caixa postal 711, Cascavel, Paraná, 85819-110, Brazil
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32
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de Jesus LWO, Bogerd J, Vieceli FM, Branco GS, Camargo MP, Cassel M, Moreira RG, Yan CYI, Borella MI. Gonadotropin subunits of the characiform Astyanax altiparanae: Molecular characterization, spatiotemporal expression and their possible role on female reproductive dysfunction in captivity. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 246:150-163. [PMID: 27940043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the endocrine control of reproduction in Characiformes and the reproductive dysfunctions that commonly occur in migratory fish of this order when kept in captivity, we chose Astyanax altiparanae, which has asynchronous ovarian development and multiple spawning events, as model species. From A. altiparanae pituitary total RNA, we cloned the full-length cDNAs coding for the follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (fshb), the luteinizing hormone β subunit (lhb), and the common gonadotropin α subunit (gpha). All three sequences showed the highest degree of amino acid identity with other homologous sequences from Siluriformes and Cypriniformes. Real-time, quantitative PCR analysis showed that gpha, fshb and lhb mRNAs were restricted to the pituitary gland. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, using specific-developed and characterized polyclonal antibodies, revealed that both gonadotropin β subunits mRNAs/proteins are expressed by distinct populations of gonadotropic cells in the proximal pars distalis. No marked variations for lhb transcripts levels were detected during the reproductive cycle, and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one plasma levels were also constant, suggesting that the reproductive dysfunction seen in A. altiparanae females in captivity are probably due to a lack of increase of Lh synthesis during spawning season. In contrast, fshb transcripts changed significantly during the reproductive cycle, although estradiol-17β (E2) levels remained constant during the experiment, possibly due to a differential regulation of E2 synthesis. Taken together, these data demonstrate the putative involvement of gonadotropin signaling on the impairment of the reproductive function in a migratory species when kept in captivity. Future experimental studies must be carried to clarify this hypothesis. All these data open the possibility for further basic and applied studies related to reproduction in this fish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Wender O de Jesus
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jan Bogerd
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Hugo R. Kruyt Building, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Felipe M Vieceli
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana S Branco
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília P Camargo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Cassel
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata G Moreira
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, n.321, 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chao Y I Yan
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I Borella
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Lyon A, Powers AK, Gross JB, O’Quin KE. Two - three loci control scleral ossicle formation via epistasis in the cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171061. [PMID: 28182695 PMCID: PMC5300192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The sclera is the protective outer layer of the eye. In fishes, birds, and reptiles, the sclera may be reinforced with additional bony elements called scleral ossicles. Teleost fish vary in the number and size of scleral ossicles; however, the genetic mechanisms responsible for this variation remain poorly understood. In this study, we examine the inheritance of scleral ossicles in the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, which exhibits both a cave morph and a surface fish morph. As these morphs and their hybrids collectively exhibit zero, one, and two scleral ossicles, they represent a microcosm of teleost scleral ossicle diversity. Our previous research in F2 hybrids of cavefish from Pachón cave and surface fish from Texas suggested that three genes likely influence the formation of scleral ossicles in this group through an epistatic threshold model of inheritance, though our sample size was small. In this study, we expand our sample size using additional hybrids of Pachón cavefish and Mexican surface fish to (1) confirm the threshold model of inheritance, (2) refine the number of genes responsible for scleral ossicle formation, and (3) increase our power to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for this trait. To answer these three questions, we scored surface fish and cavefish F2 hybrids for the presence of zero, one, or two scleral ossicles. We then analyzed their distribution among the F2 hybrids using a chi-square (χ2) test, and used a genetic linkage map of over 100 microsatellite markers to identify QTL responsible for scleral ossicle number. We found that inheritance of scleral ossicles follows an epistatic threshold model of inheritance controlled by two genes, which contrasts the three-locus model estimated from our previous study. Finally, the combined analysis of hybrids from both crosses identified two strong QTL for scleral ossicle number on linkage groups 4.2 and 21, and a weaker QTL on linkage group 4.1. Scleral ossification remains a complex trait with limited knowledge of its genetic basis. This study provides new insight into the number and location of genes controlling the formation of scleral ossicles in a teleost fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lyon
- Biology Program, Centre College, Danville, KY, United States of America
| | - Amanda K. Powers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Joshua B. Gross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Kelly E. O’Quin
- Biology Program, Centre College, Danville, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Crémazy A, Wood CM, Smith DS, Ferreira MS, Johannsson OE, Giacomin M, Val AL. Investigating copper toxicity in the tropical fish cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) in natural Amazonian waters: Measurements, modeling, and reality. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 180:353-363. [PMID: 27969548 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper at high concentrations is an ionoregulatory toxicant in fish and its toxicity is known to be strongly modulated by the water chemistry. The toxicity of Cu to the tropical fish cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) was investigated in waters from two major rivers of the Amazon watershed: the Rio Negro (filtered <0.45μm, pH 5.6, DOC=8.4 mgL-1, Na=33μM, Ca=8μM) and the Rio Solimões (filtered <0.45μm, pH 6.7, DOC=2.8 mgL-1, Na=185μM, Ca=340μM), as well as in a natural "reference water" (groundwater) which was almost DOC-free (pH 6.0, DOC=0.34 mgL-1, Na=53μM, Ca=5μM). Acute 96-h mortality, Cu bioaccumulation and net flux rates of Na+, Cl-, K+ and total ammonia were determined in P. axelrodi exposed in each water. Copper speciation in each water was determined by two thermodynamic models and by potentiometry, and its toxicity was predicted based on the biotic ligand model (BLM) framework. Our results indicate that high Na+ loss is the main mode of toxic action of Cu in P. axelrodi, in accordance with general theory. Cardinal tetra showed a particularly high ability to tolerate Cu and to maintain Na+ balance, similar to the ability of this and other endemic Rio Negro species to tolerate low pH and ion-poor conditions. Cu toxicity was lower in Rio Negro than in the other two waters tested, and the free [Cu2+] at the LC50, as determined by any of the three speciation methods tested, was approximately 10-fold higher. This variation could not be captured by a realistic set of BLM parameters. At least in part, this observation may be due to gill physiological alterations induced by the abundant dissolved organic matter of the Rio Negro. The implication of this observation is that, for metals risk assessment in tropical waters, similar to the Rio Negro, care must be used in applying BLM models developed using temperate DOC and temperate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Crémazy
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D Scott Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Márcio S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Ora E Johannsson
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Marina Giacomin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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35
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Marshall BG, Forsberg BR, Thomé-Souza M, Peleja R, Moreira MZ, Freitas CEC. Evidence of mercury biomagnification in the food chain of the cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi (Osteichthyes: Characidae) in the Rio Negro, central Amazon, Brazil. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:220-240. [PMID: 27028984 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, nitrogen stable isotope (δ(15) N) and total mercury (THg) analyses were conducted on algae, submersed and emergent macrophytes, shrubs and trees, Macrobrachium sp. and Paracheirodon axelrodi collected in three streams that drain a large interfluvial region in the middle Rio Negro, Amazonas State, Brazil. Samples were collected during different hydrological periods over 12 months in lower stream reaches and their headwaters; the latter being characterized by shallow, open-canopy swamps. Additionally, δ(15) N values and mercury concentrations of Paracheirodon simulans and Cichla spp. from the middle Rio Negro were analysed to demonstrate THg biomagnification in the food web. The highest mercury levels of P. axelrodi were found in small individuals, which were collected principally in the low water period. The log10 THg-δ(15) N relationship of vascular plants and algae, Macrobrachium sp., Paracheirodon spp. and Cichla spp. showed significant mercury biomagnification among trophic levels, with regression slopes of 0·15 and 0·25 for the entire food web and heterotrophs-only food web, respectively. The mean ± s.d. THg concentrations for Macrobrachium sp., P. axelrodi, P. simulans and Cichla spp. were 63·6 ± 23·7, 104·5 ± 40·0, 112·3 ± 31·4 and 418·5 ± 188·1 ng g(-1) wet mass, respectively. Elevated levels of mercury found in Paracheirodon spp. and top predators such as Cichla spp. in a remote area far from anthropogenic inputs provide evidence that high mercury concentrations occur naturally in Rio Negro aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Marshall
- Departamento de Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos (CIPET), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otávio 3000, Japiim, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - B R Forsberg
- Coordenação de Pesquisas em Dinâmica Ambiental (CDAM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Caixa Postal 478, Manaus, AM, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - M Thomé-Souza
- Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias Aplicadas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - R Peleja
- Laboratório de Biologia Ambiental, Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Bairro:Caranazal, Santarém, PA, 68040-070, Brazil
| | - M Z Moreira
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - C E C Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências Pesqueiras nos Trópicos (CIPET), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Av. Gen. Rodrigo Otávio 3000, Japiim, Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
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36
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Galvan GL, Lirola JR, Felisbino K, Vicari T, Yamamoto CI, Cestari MM. Genetic and Hematologic Endpoints in Astyanax altiparanae (Characidae) After Exposure and Recovery to Water-Soluble Fraction of Gasoline (WSFG). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2016; 97:63-70. [PMID: 27189358 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sublethal effects of water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG, 1.5 % v/v) were evaluated in the freshwater fish, Astynax altiparanae, after acute exposure (96 h) under a semi-static system. In addition, the recovery process was assessed in the fish following contaminant depuration. Recovery treatments were carried out with gradual depuration (GD), consisting of 7 days in the WSFG, followed by 8 days in clean water; and treatments with total depuration in clean water for 15 (DEP 15) and 30 days (DEP 30). The effects were evaluated through the piscine micronucleus test and by differential counting of organic defense cells. Acute exposure increased the frequency of neutrophils. In the GD treatment, the thrombocyte count and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) increased. In the DEP 15 treatment, there was a reduction of ENA; and following 30 days of depuration (i.e., DEP 30), the number of lymphocytes increased and the thrombocyte count remained high. These results indicate a long-term response to a condition of stress from WSFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrieli L Galvan
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Juliana R Lirola
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Karoline Felisbino
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Taynah Vicari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos I Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marta M Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Bettim FL, Galvan GL, Cestari MM, Yamamoto CI, de Assis HCS. Biochemical responses in freshwater fish after exposure to water-soluble fraction of gasoline. Chemosphere 2016; 144:1467-1474. [PMID: 26495832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The water-soluble fraction of gasoline (WSFG) is a complex mixture of mono-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of WSFG diluted 1.5% on freshwater fish. Astyanax altiparanae were exposed to the WSFG for 96 h, under a semi-static system, with renewal of 25% of the gasoline test solution every 24 h. In addition, a decay of the contamination (DC) was carried out. During DC, the fish was exposed to the WSFG for 8 d, followed by another 7 d with renewal of 25% of volume aquaria with clean water every 24 h. For depuration, fish were transferred to aquaria with clean water, and in addition, 25% of the water was replaced every 24 h. The liver and kidney biotransformation, antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were evaluated. In the liver, the WSFG 1.5% caused reduction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 96 h and DC. In the kidney, only in depuration an increased GST activity was observed, and after DC a higher LPO levels. An increase of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity occurred at 96 h in both tissues; however, in the liver was also observed during the depuration. In WSFG 96 h, the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the kidney increased. As biomarkers of neurotoxicity, the brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase activities were measured, but the WSFG 1.5% did not change them. Therefore, this study brought forth more data about WSFG effects on freshwater fish after lower concentrations exposure and a DC, simulating an environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Lima Bettim
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Itsuo Yamamoto
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
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38
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Costa-Silva DG, Nunes MEM, Wallau GL, Martins IK, Zemolin APP, Cruz LC, Rodrigues NR, Lopes AR, Posser T, Franco JL. Oxidative stress markers in fish (Astyanax sp. and Danio rerio) exposed to urban and agricultural effluents in the Brazilian Pampa biome. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:15526-15535. [PMID: 26006076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are under constant risk due to industrial, agricultural, and urban activities, compromising water quality and preservation of aquatic biota. The assessment of toxicological impacts caused by pollutants to aquatic environment using biomarker measurements in fish can provide reliable data to estimate sublethal effects posed by chemicals in contaminated areas. In this study, fish (Astyanax sp. and Danio rerio) exposed to agricultural and urban effluents at the Vacacaí River, Brazil, were tested for potential signs of aquatic contamination. This river comprehends one of the main watercourses of the Brazilian Pampa, a biome with a large biodiversity that has been neglected in terms of environmental and social-economic development. Sites S1 and S2 were chosen by their proximity to crops and wastewater discharge points, while reference site was located upstream of S1 and S2, in an apparently non-degraded area. Fish muscle and brain tissues were processed for determination of acetylcholinesterase as well as oxidative stress-related biomarkers. The results showed signs of environmental contamination, hallmarked by significant changes in cholinesterase activity, expression of metallothionein, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione levels, and activation of antioxidant/cell stress response signaling pathways in fish exposed to contaminated sites when compared to reference. Based on these results, it is evidenced that urban and agricultural activities are posing risk to the environmental quality of water resources at the studied area. It is also demonstrated that cell stress biomarkers may serve as important tools for biomonitoring and development of risk assessment protocols in the Pampa biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Costa-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - M E M Nunes
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - G L Wallau
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - I K Martins
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - A P P Zemolin
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - L C Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - N R Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - A R Lopes
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - T Posser
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000
| | - J L Franco
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil, 97.300-000.
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39
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Freire CA, Souza-Bastos LR, Chiesse J, Tincani FH, Piancini LDS, Randi MAF, Prodocimo V, Cestari MM, Silva-de-Assis HC, Abilhoa V, Vitule JRS, Bastos LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro CA. A multibiomarker evaluation of urban, industrial, and agricultural exposure of small characins in a large freshwater basin in southern Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:13263-13277. [PMID: 25940483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4585-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Iguaçu River is the second most polluted river of Brazil. It receives agrochemicals and contaminants of urban and industrial sources along its course. A multibiomarker approach was employed here to evaluate the health of a small characin (Astyanax spp.) at two sites along the river, sampled during a dry (autumn) and a rainy (spring) season. Biomarkers were condition factor and somatic indices (gonads and liver); genetic damage (comet assay and micronucleus test); enzyme activities such as hepatic catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), lipoperoxidation (LPO), branchial and renal carbonic anhydrase (CA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the muscle and the brain, histopathology of the liver and gills, and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile. There were no consistent differences in biomarker responses between the two study sites. Some biomarkers revealed greater potential impact in the rainy season, when increased amounts of contaminants are washed into the river (combined CAT inhibition and LPO increase, CA upregulation). Other biomarkers, however, revealed potential greater impact in the dry season, when contaminants potentially concentrate (GST induction, AChE inhibition, and liver histopathological alterations). Although of a complex nature, field experiments such as this provide rich data for monitoring protocols and assessment of general risk of exposure to pollutants of river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Freire
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, CEP 81531-990, Brazil,
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40
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Salvo LM, Malucelli MIC, da Silva JRMC, Alberton GC, Silva De Assis HC. Toxicity assessment of 2,4-D and MCPA herbicides in primary culture of fish hepatic cells. J Environ Sci Health B 2015; 50:449-455. [PMID: 25996808 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1018754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used primary cultures of fish hepatic cells as a tool for evaluating the effects of environmental contamination. Primary hepatic cell cultures derived from the subtropical fish Metynnis roosevelti were exposed to different concentrations (0.275, 2.75 and 27.5 μg L(-1)) of the herbicides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA). Cellular respiratory activity was evaluated by polarography using three substrates: 0.5 M glucose, 0.5 M succinate and 0.5 M α-ketoglutarate. Significant changes were observed in cellular oxygen consumption with 0.5 M α-ketoglutarate. Even at low concentrations, 2,4-D and MCPA were potent uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. Primary cultures of M. roosevelti liver cells may provide a useful tool for the evaluation of environmental contaminant effects. A review of regulations regarding permitted concentrations of these herbicides is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia M Salvo
- a Department of Cell and Developmental Biology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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41
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Ghisi NDC, de Oliveira EC, Fávaro LF, Silva de Assis HC, Prioli AJ. In situ assessment of a neotropical fish to evaluate pollution in a river receiving agricultural and urban wastewater. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2014; 93:699-709. [PMID: 25319198 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the quality of a midsize river that receives agricultural and urban wastewater. Nuclear abnormalities (NA), comet assays of blood and gills, and gill histopathology were evaluated in fish Astyanax aff. paranae during the summer and winter 2011 at three sites in Paraná State, Brazil: (1) a biological reserve (Rebio-reference area); (2) an agricultural site; (3) a downstream site that accumulates agricultural and urban effluents. We found the highest effects of pollutants in fish at the downstream site during the summer. The agricultural site showed an intermediate damage rate, and fish at Rebio generally had the least damage, with the exception of NA. Despite conflicting results from the biomarkers used, we observed an increase in damage associated with the accumulation of pollutants. Pesticides are probable xenobiotics in the agricultural area. Additionally, metals and substances such as pharmaceuticals and ammonia may be present at the downstream site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nédia de Castilhos Ghisi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais (PEA)/Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Maringá, PR, Brazil,
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42
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Ribas JLC, da Silva CA, de Andrade L, Galvan GL, Cestari MM, Trindade ES, Zampronio AR, de Assis HCS. Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in primary kidney cell culture of a freshwater fish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2014; 40:296-303. [PMID: 25038277 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. This study aimed to evaluate toxic effects of some representative drugs of this pharmaceutical group on primary culture of monocytic lineage of Hoplias malabaricus anterior kidney. The effects of diclofenac, acetaminophen and ibuprofen in cell viability, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production and genotoxicity were evaluated. Cytometry analysis CD11b(+) cells showed 71.5% of stem cells, 19.5% of macrophages and 9% of monocytes. Cell viability was lower in the ficoll compared to percoll separation. LPS-induced NO production by these cells was blocked after treatment with dexamethasone and NG-Methyl-L-Arginine (L-NMMA). Exposure of the cells to diclofenac (0.2-200 ng/mL), acetaminophen (0.025-250 ng/mL) ibuprofen (10-1000 ng/mL) reduced basal NO production and inhibited LPS-induced NO production at all concentrations after 24 h of exposure. Genotoxicity occurred at the highest concentration of diclofenac and at the intermediary concentration of acetaminophen. Genotoxicity was also observed by ibuprofen. In summary, the pharmaceuticals influenced NO production and caused DNA damage in monocytic cells suggesting that these drugs can induce immunosuppression and genotoxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Coelho Ribas
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cesar A da Silva
- Ecology and Conservation Post-graduate Program, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Andrade
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edvaldo S Trindade
- Department of Cellular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aleksander R Zampronio
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena C Silva de Assis
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, 81531-980 Curitiba-Paraná, Brazil.
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Chehade C, Cassel M, Borella MI, Costa FG. Morphologic study of the liver of lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) with emphasis on the distribution of cytokeratin. Fish Physiol Biochem 2014; 40:571-6. [PMID: 24061935 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the morphology of the liver of teleosts reflect some controversy in the interpretation of the data, but also provide confirmation of variations in the structure of the organ in several species. Thus, we intend to understand the specific structural organization of the liver of Astyanax altiparanae. Specimens were collected in the city of Andirá, Paraná, Brazil. The livers were processed according to histological routine for inclusion in Paraplast, and the sections were stained with HE and Mallory's trichrome or followed the protocol for fluorescence immunohistochemistry, anti-cytokeratin. The liver of A. altiparanae was covered by a capsule of connective tissue, without delimiting lobes. The hepatocytes had an arrangement in cords around sinusoids. Melanomacrophage centers were observed. The vascular components and intrahepatic pancreatic acini were distributed between hepatocytes. Presence of cytokeratin was detected in tissues that lined the liver and endothelial cells of sinusoids. The comparison of the liver of A. altiparanae to other characids corroborates with the fact that there is variation in the morphology of the liver even between closely related species. Moreover, it appears that in this species, endothelial cells of sinusoids can synthesize the cytokeratin filaments required for the regulation of blood flow in capillaries in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayrra Chehade
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil,
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Mataqueiro MI, Nakaghi LSO, Yamada PK, de Camargo Ferraz G, de Queiroz-Neto A, DeOliveira GH. Degradation, residual determination, and cholinesterase activity of triclorfon in Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg (PACU) 1887. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77:125-132. [PMID: 24555653 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.866928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the no-observable-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for trichlorfon, an antiparasitic agent used in aquaculture, in Piractus mesopotamicus (pacu) using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity as an end point. Fish were exposed 24 h/d for 15 d to different concentrations of trichlorfon in tanks of water for which a curve of dissipation was previously determined. Analysis of trichlorfon in water and fish plasma using gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) enabled measurement of limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), respectively, to be 3 and 10 ppb. Thirty-six hours after trichlorfon dilution in water, the concentration was below the LOD, and data showed that plasma concentrations did not exceed the LOQ. Apart from the 6.25 μg/L, all concentrations of trichlorfon significantly inhibited plasma and brain AChE activity compared to controls. The AChE activity levels returned to control values in 7 d. These data may be useful to determine the concentration of trichlorfon that destroys parasites without producing adverse effects in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Mataqueiro
- a Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Univ Estadual Paulista Campus de Jaboticabal , Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Laboratório de Famacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino , Jaboticabal , São Paulo , Brazil
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45
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Mena F, Azzopardi M, Pfennig S, Ruepert C, Tedengren M, Castillo LE, Gunnarsson JS. Use of cholinesterase activity as a biomarker of pesticide exposure used on Costa Rican banana plantations in the native tropical fish Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860). J Environ Biol 2014; 35:35-42. [PMID: 24579519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Costa Rica, thousands of tones of agricultural pesticides have been used for decades and their use is continuously increasing due to intensive and expanding production of coffee, pineapple, rice, ornamental plants and bananas. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether choline esterase (ChE) activity could be used as a biomarker of exposure to pesticides in the Costa Rican native fish Astyanax aeneus (characidae). Three methods used in order to evaluate the ChE biomarker were as follows: Laboratory studies where A. aeneus was exposed to organophosphate pesticide (ethoprophos); In situ 48 hr exposure assessment using caging experiments with fish exposed upstream and downstream of banana plantations and ChE activity estimation of in fish captured directly at sites with different degrees of pesticide exposure. Results from the laboratory studies showed that ChE activity in both brain and muscle tissue was significantly lower in fish exposed to ethoprophos than in controls. Fish from the caging experiments showed no difference in ChE activity neither in brain nor in muscle tissue between the four tested sites and was attributed to the short duration of the exposure. Asignificant difference in ChE activity was determined in muscle of fish captured from Laguna Madre de Dios compared to fish from Canal Batán. Although our laboratory results revealed that ChE activity in A. aeneus was highly responsive to ethoprophos, results from field experiments were less conclusive and showed that the captured fish showed large variability in ChE activity and that more research is needed before ChE activity can be used as reliable biomarker of pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mena
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - M Azzopardi
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Pfennig
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - C Ruepert
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - M Tedengren
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L E Castillo
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - J S Gunnarsson
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Trujillo-Jiménez P, Sedeño-Díaz JE, López-López E. Assessing the health condition profile in the freshwater fish Astyanax aeneus in Champoton River, Mexico. J Environ Biol 2014; 35:137-145. [PMID: 24579529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers for monitoring aquatic environmental quality has gained considerable interest worldwide. The effects of the environmental conditions of Río Champotón, México, in the hotspot of Mesoamerica, were assessed in Astyanax aeneus, a native fish of the tropics of southwestern México. Pollution from agrochemical residues is a major problem in Río Champotón. Three study sites along the freshwater portion of the river were monitored in April, July, and November 2007 and February 2008. This study includes a water quality index, a set of biomarkers (hepatic glycogen levels and lipid peroxidation in liver, gills, and muscle) to assess the integrated biomarker response, and population bioindicators (gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices and Fulton's condition factor). Although the water quality index suggested low level of contamination in the Río Champotón, biomarkers indicated that A. aeneus is exposed to stressors that impair biological responses. The integrated biomarker response showed stress periods with higher biomarker response and recovery periods with decreasing biomarker values. The somatic indices did not indicate severe effects at the population level. This study illustrates the usefulness of lipid peroxidation evaluation in the assessment of aquatic health conditions and corroborates the suitability of A. aeneus as a sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Trujillo-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz
- Coordinación Politécnica para la Sustentabilidad, IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional s/n, esq. Wilfrido Massieu, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico, D.F., 07738, Mexico
| | - Eugenia López-López
- Laboratorio de Ictiología y Limnología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, Mexico, D.F., 11340 Mexico
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Clemente Z, Castro VL, Feitosa LO, Lima R, Jonsson CM, Maia AHN, Fraceto LF. Fish exposure to nano-TiO2 under different experimental conditions: methodological aspects for nanoecotoxicology investigations. Sci Total Environ 2013; 463-464:647-656. [PMID: 23845857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ecotoxicology of nano-TiO2 has been extensively studied in recent years; however, few toxicological investigations have considered the photocatalytic properties of the substance, which can increase its toxicity to aquatic biota. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects on fish exposed to different nano-TiO2 concentrations and illumination conditions. The interaction of these variables was investigated by observing the survival of the organisms, together with biomarkers of biochemical and genetic alterations. Fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus) were exposed for 96 h to 0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L of nano-TiO2, under visible light, and visible light with ultraviolet (UV) light (22.47 J/cm(2)/h). The following biomarkers of oxidative stress were monitored in the liver: concentrations of lipid hydroperoxide and carbonylated protein, and specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Other biomarkers of physiological function were also studied: the specific activities of acid phosphatase and Na,K-ATPase were analyzed in the liver and brain, respectively, and the concentration of metallothionein was measured in the gills. In addition, micronucleus and comet assays were performed with blood as genotoxic biomarkers. Nano-TiO2 caused no mortality under any of the conditions tested, but induced sublethal effects that were influenced by illumination condition. Under both illumination conditions tested, exposure to 100 mg/L showed an inhibition of acid phosphatase activity. Under visible light, there was an increase in metallothionein level in fish exposed to 1 mg/L of nano-TiO2. Under UV light, protein carbonylation was reduced in groups exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L, while nucleus alterations in erythrocytes were higher in fish exposed to 10 mg/L. As well as improving the understanding of nano-TiO2 toxicity, the findings demonstrated the importance of considering the experimental conditions in nanoecotoxicological tests. This work provides information for the development of protocols to study substances whose toxicity is affected by illumination conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Clemente
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa, Rodovia SP 340, Km 127.5, CP 69, CEP 13820-000, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
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Vieira-Lopes DA, Pinheiro NL, Sales A, Ventura A, Araújo FG, Gomes ID, Nascimento AA. Immunohistochemical study of the digestive tract of Oligosarcus hepsetus. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1919-1929. [PMID: 23569337 PMCID: PMC3613107 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i12.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To describe the histology of the digestive tract and to investigate the occurrence of endocrine cells in Oligosarcus hepsetus (O. hepsetus).
METHODS: The digestive tract (DT) of O. hepsetus was divided into esophagus, two stomach regions (glandular and non-glandular) and two intestinal regions (anterior and posterior). These specimens were processed by routine histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Gomori’s trichrome, periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue (AB). An immunohistochemical method using avidin-biotin-peroxidase was employed.
RESULTS: The esophagus is lined with a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that is reactive to PAS and AB. The stomach has a mucosa lined with a simple columnar epithelium with mucus-secreting cells that are reactive only to PAS. The intestine has a simple columnar epithelium with a brush border and goblet cells that are reactive to PAS and AB. Somatostatin, serotonin and cholecystokinin immunoreactive cells were identified throughout the DT.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed adaptations for the species’ diet and showed that the distribution and relative frequency of immunoreactive cells are similar to those of other fish.
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Wall A, Volkoff H. Effects of fasting and feeding on the brain mRNA expressions of orexin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), PYY and CCK in the Mexican blind cavefish (Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 183:44-52. [PMID: 23305930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fasting and feeding on the brain expression of orexin (OX), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), peptide Y (PY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) were examined in the blind cavefish Astyanax fasciatus mexicanus. A 10-days fasting period induced increases in both OX and TH brain mRNA expression but had no effect on PYY and CCK expression. Periprandial changes in expression were seen for OX, TH and PYY but not for CCK. OX brain expression peaked 1h prior to a scheduled meal and decreased 1h post feeding in fed fish. A peak in TH expression was seen 1h post feeding in unfed fish whereas a peak in PYY expression was seen 1h post feeding in fed fish. Our result indicates that brain OX, TH and PYY might be involved in the central regulation of feeding of blind cavefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Wall
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Moraes PM, Santos FA, Padilha CCF, Vieira JCS, Zara LF, de M Padilha P. A preliminary and qualitative metallomics study of mercury in the muscle of fish from Amazonas, Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:195-9. [PMID: 22956354 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents preliminary findings for a metallomics study of mercury in the muscle of the fish species from Amazonas, Brazil, after protein separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subsequent evaluation of mercury by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence. The fluorescence spectra revealed mercury in two protein spots. The mercury-containing protein spots showed molecular weights of 20.8 ± 0.7 and 19.8 ± 0.5 kDa and isoelectric points of 5.6 ± 0.2 and 7.5 ± 0.3, respectively.
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