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Lavajoo F, Falahatkar B, García-Meilán I, Perelló-Amorós M, Efatpanah I, Gutierrez J. Ontogeny of the digestive enzyme activity of the pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) under culture condition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19739. [PMID: 37957259 PMCID: PMC10643626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is a species with a high potential for aquaculture and a valuable food with high market acceptance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional ontogeny of digestive enzyme of pikeperch from hatching to 45 days-post fertilization, 777 degree-day (DPF, dd) under culture condition. The average total length (TL) of larvae measured at hatching was 3.6 ± 0.4 mm (5 DPF; 67 dd) and at the end of experiment (45 DPF, 777 dd) was 27.1 ± 1.1 mm. The survival rate was 80-90% during the experiment period. Inhibition zimography reveals the presence of nine bands with proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of juvenile pikeperch. Zimography results during the ontogeny revealed that in larvae at 8 DPF (108 dd) and 13 DPF (189 dd), three bands were presented. The variations observed in the enzymatic activity reflected a high amount of total protease activity at 10 DPF (133.5 dd). Regarding pepsin, its activity was observed for the first time at 26 DPF (378.9 dd). Lipase activity remained constant from hatching to 26 DPF (378.9 dd). The highest amount of α-amylase activity was detected at 15 DPF (211.5 dd) and 45 DPF (777 dd). The low lipase enzyme activity suggested that live feeds with low lipid were more suitable than diets containing high lipid levels; larvae had also early capability to digest nutrient-dense diet that was high in protein. According to results the pikeperch larvae possess after the exogenous feeding, a functional digestive system with high activities that indicated the gradual development of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavajoo
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran.
| | - Irene García-Meilán
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iraj Efatpanah
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, Iran
| | - Joaquim Gutierrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Toledo-Solís FJ, Hilerio-Ruiz AG, Delgadin T, Sirkin DP, Di Yorio MP, Vissio PG, Peña-Marín ES, Martínez-García R, Maytorena-Verdugo CI, Álvarez-González CA, de Rodrigáñez MAS. Changes in digestive enzyme activities during the early ontogeny of the South American cichlid (Cichlasoma dimerus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1211-1227. [PMID: 34173183 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cichlasoma dimerus is a neotropical cichlid that has been used as a biological model for neuroendocrinology studies. However, its culture is problematic in terms of larval feeding to allow having enough fry quantity and quality. Larviculture requires full knowledge about the digestive system and nutrition; therefore, this study was intended to assess the digestive enzymes' changes at different ages during the early ontogeny. Acid protease activity was detectable from the first day after hatching (dah), increasing to its maximum peaks on 9 dah. In contrast, alkaline proteases had low activity in the first days of life but reached their maximum activity on 17 dah. Chymotrypsin, L-aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase A activities increased at 6 dah, while trypsin activity was first detected on 13 dah and reached its maximum activity on 17 dah. Lipase and α-amylase activity were detectable at low levels in the first days of life, but the activity fluctuated and reaching its maximum activity at 21 dah. Alkaline phosphatase continued to oscillate and had two maximum activity peaks, the first at 6 dah and the second at 19 dah. Zymograms of alkaline proteases on day 6 dah six revealed four activity bands with molecular weights from 16.1 to 77.7 kDa. On 13 dah, two more activity bands of 24.4 and 121.9 kDa were detected, having a total of six proteases. The enzymatic activity analyzes indicate the digestive system shows the low activity of some enzymes in the first days after hatching, registering significant increases on 6 dah and the maximum peaks of activities around at 17 dah. Therefore, we recommend replacing live food with dry feed and only providing dry feed after day 17 dah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Toledo-Solís
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Universidad de Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, C.P. 03940, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrea Guadalupe Hilerio-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 0.5 km Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, C.P. 86039, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Tomás Delgadin
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires / Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Pérez Sirkin
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires / Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Di Yorio
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires / Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Gabriela Vissio
- Departamento de Biodiversidad Y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires / Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emyr Saul Peña-Marín
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 0.5 km Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, C.P. 86039, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Martínez-García
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 0.5 km Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, C.P. 86039, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Claudia Ivette Maytorena-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 0.5 km Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, C.P. 86039, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfonso Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Acuicultura Tropical, División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, 0.5 km Carretera Villahermosa-Cárdenas, C.P. 86039, Villahermosa, TAB, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Angel Sáenz de Rodrigáñez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Melilla, Calle Santander, 1, C.P. 52005, Melilla, Spain
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