1
|
Pereira CS, Padoan CS, Silva MM, Magalhães PVS. A grounded theory on acceptance of diagnosis as a pathway to recovery in bipolar disorder. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13434. [PMID: 38862539 PMCID: PMC11166999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The recovery process in bipolar disorder is a subjective and multidimensional experience that seeks to develop new meanings and purposes for living a satisfying life despite the limitations imposed by the disorder. Thus, this qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of recovery and the meanings attributed by individuals undergoing treatment for bipolar disorder to the elements considered relevant in this process. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted to explore the experiences and perspectives of recovery in individuals undergoing treatment for bipolar disorder. Grounded Theory was used as the method for qualitative analysis. The study included 26 participants aged between 18 and 65 years. Based on the analysis of participant reports, we identified two main themes: living with the illness and what it means to be in recovery. The perception of recovery is an individual process and can differ from the medical model. Participants suggest that accepting the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and finding meaning in life are essential to their recovery. They also describe how mental health professionals can facilitate or hinder this process. Understanding patients' perceptions can facilitate access to healthcare services and treatment adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silveira Pereira
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Stopinski Padoan
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marielle Moro Silva
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro V S Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McCartan CJ, Yap J, Best P, Breedvelt J, Breslin G, Firth J, Tully MA, Webb P, White C, Gilbody S, Churchill R, Davidson G. Factors that influence participation in physical activity for people with bipolar disorder: a synthesis of qualitative evidence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 6:CD013557. [PMID: 38837220 PMCID: PMC11152184 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013557.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems contribute significantly to the overall disease burden worldwide and are major causes of disability, suicide, and ischaemic heart disease. People with bipolar disorder report lower levels of physical activity than the general population, and are at greater risk of chronic health conditions including cardiovascular disease and obesity. These contribute to poor health outcomes. Physical activity has the potential to improve quality of life and physical and mental well-being. OBJECTIVES To identify the factors that influence participation in physical activity for people diagnosed with bipolar disorder from the perspectives of service users, carers, service providers, and practitioners to help inform the design and implementation of interventions that promote physical activity. SEARCH METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and eight other databases to March 2021. We also contacted experts in the field, searched the grey literature, and carried out reference checking and citation searching to identify additional studies. There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA We included qualitative studies and mixed-methods studies with an identifiable qualitative component. We included studies that focused on the experiences and attitudes of service users, carers, service providers, and healthcare professionals towards physical activity for bipolar disorder. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data using a data extraction form designed for this review. We assessed methodological limitations using a list of predefined questions. We used the "best fit" framework synthesis based on a revised version of the Health Belief Model to analyse and present the evidence. We assessed methodological limitations using the CASP Qualitative Checklist. We used the GRADE-CERQual (Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) guidance to assess our confidence in each finding. We examined each finding to identify factors to inform the practice of health and care professionals and the design and development of physical activity interventions for people with bipolar disorder. MAIN RESULTS We included 12 studies involving a total of 592 participants (422 participants who contributed qualitative data to an online survey, 170 participants in qualitative research studies). Most studies explored the views and experiences of physical activity of people with experience of bipolar disorder. A number of studies also reported on personal experiences of physical activity components of lifestyle interventions. One study included views from family carers and clinicians. The majority of studies were from high-income countries, with only one study conducted in a middle-income country. Most participants were described as stable and had been living with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder for a number of years. We downgraded our confidence in several of the findings from high confidence to moderate or low confidence, as some findings were based on only small amounts of data, and the findings were based on studies from only a few countries, questioning the relevance of these findings to other settings. We also had very few perspectives of family members, other carers, or health professionals supporting people with bipolar disorder. The studies did not include any findings from service providers about their perspectives on supporting this aspect of care. There were a number of factors that limited people's ability to undertake physical activity. Shame and stigma about one's physical appearance and mental health diagnosis were discussed. Some people felt their sporting skills/competencies had been lost when they left school. Those who had been able to maintain exercise through the transition into adulthood appeared to be more likely to include physical activity in their regular routine. Physical health limits and comorbid health conditions limited activity. This included bipolar medication, being overweight, smoking, alcohol use, poor diet and sleep, and these barriers were linked to negative coping skills. Practical problems included affordability, accessibility, transport links, and the weather. Workplace or health schemes that offered discounts were viewed positively. The lack of opportunity for exercise within inpatient mental health settings was a problem. Facilitating factors included being psychologically stable and ready to adopt new lifestyle behaviours. There were positive benefits of being active outdoors and connecting with nature. Achieving balance, rhythm, and routine helped to support mood management. Fitting physical activity into a regular routine despite fluctuating mood or motivation appeared to be beneficial if practised at the right intensity and pace. Over- or under-exercising could be counterproductive and accelerate depressive or manic moods. Physical activity also helped to provide a structure to people's daily routines and could lead to other positive lifestyle benefits. Monitoring physical or other activities could be an effective way to identify potential triggers or early warning signs. Technology was helpful for some. People who had researched bipolar disorder and had developed a better understanding of the condition showed greater confidence in managing their care or providing care to others. Social support from friends/family or health professionals was an enabling factor, as was finding the right type of exercise, which for many people was walking. Other benefits included making social connections, weight loss, improved quality of life, and better mood regulation. Few people had been told of the benefits of physical activity. Better education and training of health professionals could support a more holistic approach to physical and mental well-being. Involving mental health professionals in the multidisciplinary delivery of physical activity interventions could be beneficial and improve care. Clear guidelines could help people to initiate and incorporate lifestyle changes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is very little research focusing on factors that influence participation in physical activity in bipolar disorder. The studies we identified suggest that men and women with bipolar disorder face a range of obstacles and challenges to being active. The evidence also suggests that there are effective ways to promote managed physical activity. The research highlighted the important role that health and care settings, and professionals, can play in assessing individuals' physical health needs and how healthy lifestyles may be promoted. Based on these findings, we have provided a summary of key elements to consider for developing physical activity interventions for bipolar disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J McCartan
- IMPACT Research Centre, Northern Health & Social Care Trust, Antrim, UK
| | - Jade Yap
- Mental Health Foundation, London, UK
| | - Paul Best
- School of Social Sciences, Education & Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Josefien Breedvelt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin Breslin
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
| | | | | | - Simon Gilbody
- Mental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rachel Churchill
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
- Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, University of York, York, UK
| | - Gavin Davidson
- School of Social Sciences, Education & Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Başkaya E, Demir S. The problems and information needs of patients with bipolar disorder during the treatment process: A qualitative study in Turkey. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 42:45-54. [PMID: 36842827 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the problems and information needs of patients with bipolar disorder during the treatment process. The present research is in the type of descriptive and qualitative study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 11 volunteer patients with bipolar disorder. The data collected from the interviews were evaluated using the descriptive analysis method. In the study, four categories (disease onset/diagnosis stage, adherence to treatment, interpersonal relationships, information needs) and nine main themes (symptoms, family support, factors that positively affect treatment adherence, factors that negatively affect treatment adherence, positive effects of treatment, negative effects of treatment, stigmatization, treatment, disease) were determined. Patients with bipolar disorder can be helped to cope with the problems they experience by providing information about the disease, adherence to treatment, the treatment process, and the effects of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Başkaya
- Uşak University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Health Care Services, Uşak, Turkey.
| | - Satı Demir
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Svensson M, Erhardt S, Hållmarker U, James S, Deierborg T. A physically active lifestyle is associated with lower long-term incidence of bipolar disorder in a population-based, large-scale study. Int J Bipolar Disord 2022; 10:26. [DOI: 10.1186/s40345-022-00272-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Physical activity has been proposed to be beneficial for the symptomatic control of bipolar disorder, but the duration of the effects, sex-specific mechanisms, and impact of exercise intensity are not known.
Method
With an observational study design, we followed skiers and age and sex-matched non-skiers from the general population to investigate if participation in a long-distance cross-country ski race (Vasaloppet) was associated with a lower risk of getting diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Using the Swedish population and patient registries, skiers in Vasaloppet and age and sex-matched non-skiers from the general population were analyzed for any diagnosis of bipolar disorder after participation in the race. Additionally, we used finishing time of the ski race as a proxy for intensity levels to investigate if exercise intensity impacts the risk of bipolar disorder among the physically active skiers.
Results
Previous participation in a long distance ski race (n = 197,685, median age 36 years, 38% women) was associated with a lower incidence of newly diagnosed bipolar compared to an age and sex-matched general population (n = 197,684) during the up to 21 years follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio, HR = 0.48). The finishing time of the race did not significantly impact the risk of bipolar disorder in men. Among women, high performance (measured as the finishing time to complete the race, a proxy for higher exercise dose) was associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder compared to slower skiing women (HR = 2.07).
Conclusions
Our results confirm that a physically active lifestyle is associated with a lower risk of developing bipolar disorder. Yet, to elucidate the direction of causality in this relationship requires complementary study designs. And the influence of physical performance level on the risk of bipolar disorder warrants further examinations among women.
Collapse
|
5
|
Facilitators and Barriers of Medication Adherence Based on Beliefs of Persons with Bipolar Disorder: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137633. [PMID: 35805291 PMCID: PMC9265403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the big challenges in treating individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) is nonadherence to medication. This is the principal factor associated with a worse prognosis or outcome of the disease. This study aimed to explore and analyze the individual perceptions that people with BD have about the positive and negative aspects when taking medication. A descriptive and interpretative study was carried out using the qualitative research paradigm with the use of the analytical technique of discourse analysis, extracting the data through the completion of focus groups. Participants’ speech was digitally audio-recorded in digital format. In order to complete the codification of the participants’ speech content, we relied on the qualitative data analysis (using the QRS NVivo 10 computer software). Thirty-six participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder took part in our study. In the participants’ speech concerning the main barriers to pharmacological treatment, three key topics were identified. Perceived facilitators were summarized in four factors. The main facilitators regarding the use of pharmacological treatment in individuals with BD were the ones related with the perceived need for treatment in the acute phase, the recognition of the illness, the shared clinical decision, and the causal biological attribution in the chronic phase. In terms of perceived barriers, social control was identified in both phases, adverse effects in the acute phase, and the absence of effective treatment in the chronic state.
Collapse
|
6
|
Serrander M, Bremander A, Jarbin H, Larsson I. Joy of living through exercise - a qualitative study of clinically referred adolescents' experiences of moderate to vigorous exercise as treatment for depression. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:574-581. [PMID: 33884944 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1909128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Depression is common and rising in adolescents. Recent meta-analyses indicate a moderate effect of exercise on depression symptoms. Clinically referred adolescents and their experiences of an exercise intervention have rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to describe clinically referred adolescents' experience of moderate to vigorous exercise as a treatment for depression. METHODS A total of 16 clinically referred adolescents with persistent major depression, who had taken part in a 14-week aerobic exercise intervention of moderate to vigorous intensity, were interviewed. Data was analysed by latent qualitative content analysis. RESULTS After taking part in the exercise intervention the adolescents expressed enhanced participation in daily life and joy of living by demonstrating commitment and a sense of empowerment. The categories contained both improved vitality and structure of everyday life as well as improved self-esteem and self-control. Participation in the exercise intervention changed their self-image, relationships, school performance, and family life. The adolescents highlighted that exercising in a group was beneficial, giving security and structure. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with persistent depression experienced several beneficial aspects of participating in an aerobic group exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serrander
- Child and Adolescent Habilitation, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Bremander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Sonderborg, Denmark.,The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.,Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Håkan Jarbin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Region Halland, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Halmstad, Sweden.,Center of Research on Welfare, Health and Sport, School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adolescents' Experiences of Facilitators for and Barriers to Maintaining Exercise 12 Months after a Group-Based Intervention for Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105427. [PMID: 34069571 PMCID: PMC8161306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exercise can improve health among adolescents with depression. Understanding facilitators for and barriers to maintaining exercise among adolescents with depression may increase adherence to exercise and consequently improve health. The aim was to explore adolescents’ experiences of facilitators for and barriers to maintaining exercise after a group-based exercise intervention for depression. Interviews (n = 14) were conducted 12 months after the exercise intervention. A qualitative content analysis was used to extract facilitators and barriers. Facilitators for maintaining exercise among adolescents with depression were (1) greater self-esteem by having companionship while exercising and by achieving exercise results and (2) having a supportive environment in terms of accessibility and coaching. Barriers to maintaining exercise were (1) disease burden due to fatigue, social anxiety, and a lack of drive, and (2) lack of a supportive environment including a lack of social support, as well as structural support. In conclusion, facilitating enhanced self-esteem and continuous support for exercising are important for adolescents with depression to maintain exercise. The disease burden of depression is a substantial barrier that needs to be considered to maintain exercise. The findings can contribute to the development of services that promote and coordinate exercise as a treatment among adolescents with depression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sá Filho AS, Cheniaux E, de Paula CC, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Teixeira D, Monteiro D, Cid L, Yamamoto T, Telles-Correia D, Imperatori C, Budde H, Machado S. Exercise is medicine: a new perspective for health promotion in bipolar disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1099-1107. [PMID: 32762382 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1807329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similar effects in reducing the symptoms of the mood disorder are reported in the literature compared the action of drugs and aerobic exercise sessions, demonstrating the potential of exercise in the control and mood stabilization. Therefore, there are many reasons to believe that the increased cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) can be an important means of protection and a reducing potential of physical and mental damage in bipolar disorders (BD). This review will highlight the current pattern of response of exercise on the pathophysiology of BD, relating the possible mechanisms, and hypotheses based on exercises. AREAS COVERED The mechanism of monoaminergic action and its relationship with exercise, role of physical conditioning and increased VO2Max on neurotrophin release, and new perspectives on long-term exercise will be reviewed. EXPERT OPINION The adaptations to training, although little explored in the context of BD, can induce the expression of substances that co-regulate several processes related to the pathophysiology of BD. Furthermore, high intensity interval training (HIIT) can also be adjusted to improve the physical fitness and health in patients with BD. Future research is needed to adopt a training strategy that is both time efficient and adequate for the population in question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Souza Sá Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Paulista University (UNIP) , São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, University Center of Anápolis (Unievangélica) , Anápolis, Brazil
| | - Elie Cheniaux
- School of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio De Janeiro (UERJ) , Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro , Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavalcante de Paula
- Department of Cellular, Tissue and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Biomedical Science, The University of São Paulo (ICB/USP) , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Laboratorio De Neurociencias Moleculares E Integrativas, Escuela De Medicina, División Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab , Mérida, Mexico
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ULHT , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD , Rio Maior, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnique Institute of Santarém , Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Luis Cid
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD , Rio Maior, Portugal.,Sport Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnique Institute of Santarém , Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University , Tokushima, Japan
| | - Diogo Telles-Correia
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Clínica Universitária De Psicologia E Psiquiatria, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento De Psiquiatria, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De Lisboa , Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudio Imperatori
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Via degli Aldobrandeschi 190 , Rome, Italy
| | - Henning Budde
- International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Science and Medical University , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Machado
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro , Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.,International Neuroscience Research Group , Yucatan, México.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado De Oliveira University (UNIVERSO) , Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados , RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Karunanayake AL, Senaratne CD, Stathi A. A descriptive cross sectional study comparing barriers and determinants of physical activity of Sri Lankan middle aged and older adults. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232956. [PMID: 32396547 PMCID: PMC7217429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefits of physical activities are numerous. Barriers for physical exercise may differ among middle aged and older adults. Therefore, identifying and comparing the barriers for participating in regular physical exercises among middle aged and older adults will be useful in designing age specific physical exercise programmes. METHODS This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 206 Sri Lankan adults in the age range of 40-84 years in the Colombo North region of Sri Lanka using culturally validated questionnaires to determine and compare the barriers and factors associated with regular physical activity participation. Majority were males (56%) and 54% were < 60 years. People in the age range of 40-59 years were considered as middle age and ≥ 60 years as older adults. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis was carried out to determine the significant factors that are associated with regular physical activity participation. RESULTS Lack of free time (52%), feeling too lazy (26%) and bad weather (29%) were the main barriers for the participants. In < 60 years, high level of income (p = 0.008) and in ≥ 60 years, being a male (p = 0.016), having a high level of education (P = 0.002) and a high BMI (p = 0.002) had a significant negative association with the level of physical activities. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to findings from surveys in several developed countries, this study showed that having a high level of education and being a male were strongly related with lack of physical activity participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Karunanayake
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - C. D. Senaratne
- Department of English Language Teaching, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - A. Stathi
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, England, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lin K, Liu T. Exercise on bipolar disorder in humans. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 147:189-198. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|