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Laurindo CP, Rego Gregorio KC, Rippi Moreno AC, Viudes Agostinho JM, Campos EC, Nai GA, Nunes MT, Seraphim PM. Resistance training mitigates hepato-cardiac changes and muscle mitochondrial protein reductions in rats with diet-induced obesity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08374. [PMID: 34841103 PMCID: PMC8605435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on hepatocardiovascular and muscle mitochondrial parameters in rats that were fed a high-calorie diet for 12 weeks. Main methods The animals were divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), obese (O), and obese plus exercise (OE). Group E and OE rats performed resistance training by climbing on a vertical ladder with load attached to the end of the tail (1×/day, 3×/week, for 12 weeks). Group O and OE rats were fed a high-calorie diet containing chow and a cafeteria diet for 12 weeks. Under anesthesia, the heart and liver were removed for histopathological analysis, and the gastrocnemius muscle was removed for Western blotting. Key findings Group O rats were heavier, with increased fat mass, elevated fasting glycemia, and total triglycerides, and exhibited a significant number of Kupffer cells and diffuse steatosis in the liver. Group O rats also showed increased thickness of the right ventricle, septum, and pulmonary artery. All of these parameters were attenuated by RT. PGC1-α protein levels were increased in both exercise groups. The protein levels of OXPHOS complexes III, IV, and V were reduced in Group O, while RT prevented this alteration. Significance RT exerts a protective effect against hepato-cardiac alterations and prevents changes in the muscle mitochondrial protein profile induced by a high-calorie diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pancera Laurindo
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Karen C Rego Gregorio
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Rippi Moreno
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Maia Viudes Agostinho
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Carvalho Campos
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology - University of Western Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Monteiro Seraphim
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Damiani APL, Caldas LC, Melo AB, Contreiro CDE, Estevam WM, Nogueira BV, Ferreira LG, Leopoldo AS, Leopoldo APL. RESISTANCE TRANING PROTOCOLS PROMOTE STRENGTH INCREASE WITHOUT MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202603209955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction Resistance training (RT) has been related to increased protein synthesis, and in the myocardium it triggers morphological adaptations that result in improved cardiac contractility. In skeletal muscle, RT promotes an improvement in functional capacity and in sarcopenia caused by aging. However, the efficacy of this training method in the cardiac and skeletal systems has not yet been clarified. Objective To investigate the effect of different vertical ladder RT protocols on cardiac and skeletal structure and morphology. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats (n = 28) were randomized into four groups: sedentary (C); RT protocol with 4 to 9 climbs, 3 sessions/week, 120 second interval and intensity of 50% to 100% of the maximum load (ML) with progressive addition of 30 g (RT1); RT protocol with 4 to 5 climbs, 3 sessions/week, 60 second interval and intensity of 50% to 100% of the ML, where a 30 g overload was added in the 5th climb (RT2); RT protocol with 4 to 5 climbs, 5 sessions/week, 60 second interval and intensity of 50% to 100% of the ML; the animals that completed the 4th climb underwent the 5th climb with 100% ML plus 30 g (RT3). RT protocols were performed for 9 weeks with a duration of 30 to 45 minutes/day. The nutritional profile and cardiac/skeletal muscle morphology were evaluated along with the cross sectional area and collagen fraction. Results RT did not promote adaptations in cardiac and musculoskeletal structure and morphology, nor was it able to reduce body weight and body fat deposits. However, RT brought about an increase in absolute and relative strength. Conclusion Vertical ladder RT protocols, regardless of weekly frequency, lead to increased muscle strength without cardiac and skeletal structural adaptations. Level of evidence I, Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima Leopoldo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Melo AB, Damiani APL, Coelho PM, de Assis ALEM, Nogueira BV, Guimarães Ferreira L, Leite RD, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Leopoldo AS. Resistance training promotes reduction in Visceral Adiposity without improvements in Cardiomyocyte Contractility and Calcium handling in Obese Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1819-1832. [PMID: 32714085 PMCID: PMC7378665 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.42612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training (RT) improves the cardiomyocyte calcium (Ca2+) cycling during excitation-contraction coupling. However, the role of RT in cardiomyocyte contractile function associated with Ca2+ handling in obesity is unclear. Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control, sedentary obese, control plus RT, and obesity plus RT. The 10-wk RT protocol was used (4-5 vertical ladder climbs, 60-second interval, 3× a week, 50-100% of maximum load). Metabolic, hormonal, cardiovascular and biochemical parameters were determined. Reduced leptin levels, epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral fat pads, lower body fat, and adiposity index were observed in RT. Obesity promoted elevation of collagen, but RT did not promote modifications of LV collagen in ObRT. RT induced elevation in maximum rates of contraction and relaxation, and reduction of time to 50% relaxation. ObRT group did not present improvement in the cardiomyocyte contractile function in comparison to Ob group. Reduced cardiac PLB serine16 phosphorylation (pPLB Ser16) and pPLB Ser16/PLB ratio with no alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a) and phospholamban (PLB) expression were observed in Ob groups. Resistance training improved body composition reduced fat pads and plasma leptin levels but did not promote positive alterations in cardiomyocyte contractile function, Ca2+ handling and phospholamban phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Barroso Melo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Prata Leite Damiani
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Breno Valentim Nogueira
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Ferreira
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Richard Diego Leite
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Faustino Ribeiro Júnior
- Center of Health Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Centre for Physical Education and Sports, Department of Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Neves RVP, Rosa TS, Souza MK, Oliveira AJC, Gomes GNS, Brixi B, Souza LHR, Deus LA, Simões HG, Stone WJ, Prestes J, Moraes MR. Dynamic, Not Isometric Resistance Training Improves Muscle Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Rats. Front Physiol 2019; 10:4. [PMID: 30723416 PMCID: PMC6349781 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic (DRT) and isometric (IRT) resistance training on blood glucose, muscle redox capacity, inflammatory state, and muscle strength and hypertrophy. Fifteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups: control group (CTL), DRT, and IRT, n = 5 animals per group. The animals were submitted to a maximal weight carried (MWC; every 15 days) and maximum isometric resistance (MIR; pre- and post-training) tests. Both training protocols were performed five times a week during 12 weeks, consisting of one set of eight uninterrupted climbs for 1 min with a 30% overload of MWC. The animals in the IRT group remained under isometry for 1 min. The DRT group experienced greater MWC from pre- to post-training compared to the CTL and IRT groups (p < 0.0001). The DRT and IRT groups displayed similar gains in MIR (p = 0.3658). The DRT group exhibited improved glycemic homeostasis (p = 0.0111), redox (p < 0.0001), and inflammatory (p < 0.0001) balance as compared with CTL and IRT groups. In addition, the improved glycemic profile was associated with an increase in muscle strength and hypertrophy, improvement in redox balance and inflammation status. We conclude that DRT was more effective than IRT on increasing cross-sectional area, but not muscle strength, in parallel to improved blood glucose, inflammatory status, and redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Santos Rosa
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Physiology, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Kendy Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bernardo Brixi
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luiz Humberto Rodrigues Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Physical Education, State of Bahia University (UNEB) - DEDC/XII Campus, Guanambi, Brazil
| | - Lysleine Alves Deus
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Herbert Gustavo Simões
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Whitley Jo Stone
- School of Nutrition, Kinesiology, and Psychological Sciences, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, United States
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Milton Rocha Moraes
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Punhagui APF, Teixeira GR, de Freitas MC, Seraphim PM, Fernandes GSA. Intermittent resistance exercise and obesity, considered separately or combined, impair spermatic parameters in adult male Wistar rats. Int J Exp Pathol 2018; 99:95-102. [PMID: 29781539 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and absence of physical exercise are global problems that affect concentration and sperm quality in the male reproductive system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of obesity and resistance training, considered separately or in association, on testicular function and reproductive capacity. Twenty pubertal male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: control (C) and exercise (E) groups that received standard rat chow; and obese (O) and obese with exercise (OE) groups that received a high-fat diet. All the groups received filtered water during the experimental conditions. Groups E and OE were submitted to 8 weeks of high-intensity intermittent training. Afterwards, testes were collected for sperm count, spermatogenic kinetics, histopathology, morphometry and immunodetection of androgen receptors (AR). The vas deferens was collected for sperm morphology. The results showed that obesity increased body weight, naso-anal length, liver and epididymal fat weight, abnormal spermatozoa and immunodetectable AR. Intermittent exercise decreased daily sperm production (DSP), sperm count and normal spermatozoa, whereas the number of tubules with immunodetectable AR increased. The combination of obesity and intermittent training led to reduced sperm count and DSP, although abnormal spermatozoa and the number of tubules with immunodetectable AR increased. Thus, in conclusion, both obesity and resistance training impaired testicular function during puberty in rats; and this type of exercise has also been shown to be detrimental to testicular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Franco Punhagui
- General Biology Department, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil.,General Pathology Department, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina-UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Physical Education Department, Júlio de Mesquita Filho State University of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Conrado de Freitas
- Physical Education Department, Júlio de Mesquita Filho State University of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Patricia Monteiro Seraphim
- Physiotherapy Department, Júlio de Mesquita Filho State University of São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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6
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Melo S, da Silva Júnior N, Barauna V, Oliveira E. Cardiovascular Adaptations Induced by Resistance Training in Animal Models. Int J Med Sci 2018; 15:403-410. [PMID: 29511376 PMCID: PMC5835711 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.23150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years the number of studies showing the benefits of resistance training (RT) to the cardiovascular system, have grown. In comparison to aerobic training, RT-induced favorable adaptations to the cardiovascular system have been ignored for many years, thus the mechanisms of the RT-induced cardiovascular adaptations are still uncovered. The lack of animal models with comparable protocols to the RT performed by humans hampers the knowledge. We have used squat-exercise model, which is widely used by many others laboratories. However, to a lesser extent, other models are also employed to investigate the cardiovascular adaptations. In the subsequent sections we will review the information regarding cardiac morphological adaptations, signaling pathway of the cardiac cell, cardiac function and the vascular adaptation induced by RT using this animal model developed by Tamaki et al. in 1992. Furthermore, we also describe cardiovascular findings observed using other animal models of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.F.S. Melo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo. Address: Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. Postal code: 29043900. Telephone number: (5527)996892407
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo. Address: Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Postal code: 05508-9000. Telephone number: (5511) 30913136
| | - N.D. da Silva Júnior
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo. Address: Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Postal code: 05508-9000. Telephone number: (5511) 30913136
| | - V.G. Barauna
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo. Address: Av. Marechal Campos, 1468 Maruípe, Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil. Postal code: 29043900. Telephone number: (5527)996892407
| | - E.M. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo. Address: Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Postal code: 05508-9000. Telephone number: (5511) 30913136
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7
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Gomes AM, Rocha-e-Silva M. Exercise and its interactions with various aspects of man and animal lives. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2012; 20:356-66. [PMID: 24453632 PMCID: PMC3861955 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-78522012000600009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
To review recently published papers in the Brazilian Scientific press on the general subject of physical exercise. All articles published in 2010/2011 found through the keyword exercise were collected from 11 Brazilian Journals. They were hand filtered to exclude all but original research papers. They were grouped according to subject categories and subcategories. A brief summary of all included articles was produced, comparing similar articles between them. The most commonly found interactions refer to exercise vs. the cardiovascular system, metabolism and the locomotor system, in this order. The volume of scientific research in the field is high and of sufficient quality to justify highlighting.
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