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Mai AS, Yau CE, Tseng FS, Foo QXJ, Wang DQ, Tan EK. Linking autism spectrum disorders and parkinsonism: clinical and genetic association. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:484-496. [PMID: 36738194 PMCID: PMC10109258 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise many complex and clinically distinct neurodevelopmental conditions, with increasing evidence linking them to parkinsonism. METHODS We searched Medline and Embase from inception to 21 March 2022 and reviewed the bibliographies of relevant articles. Studies were screened and reviewed comprehensively by two independent authors. RESULTS Of 863 references from our search, we included eight clinical studies, nine genetic studies, and five case reports. Regardless of age group, Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes were more frequently observed in patients with ASD, though the evidence for increased rates of parkinsonism is less clear for children and adolescents. Parkinsonian features and hypokinetic behavior were common in Rett syndrome, with prevalence estimates ranging from 40% to 80%. Frequently observed parkinsonian features include bradykinesia, rigidity, hypomimia, and gait freezing. PD gene PARK2 copy number variations appear more frequently in ASD cases than controls. Evidence suggests that RIT2 and CD157/BST1 are implicated in ASD and PD, while the evidence for other PD-related genes (DRD2, GPCR37, the SLC gene family, and SMPD1) is less clear. Rare mutations, such as ATP13A2, CLN3, and WDR45, could result in autistic behavior and concomitant parkinsonism. CONCLUSION The prevalence of parkinsonism in ASD is substantially greater than in the general population or matched controls. Various PD-associated gene loci, especially PARK2, could confer susceptibility to ASD as well. Important future directions include conducting prospective cohort studies to understand how parkinsonian symptoms may progress, genetic studies to reveal relevant gene loci, and pathophysiologic studies to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun En Yau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fan Shuen Tseng
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qi Xuan Joel Foo
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dennis Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Guelbert G, Venier AC, Cismondi IA, Becerra A, Vazquez JC, Fernández EA, De Paul AL, Guelbert N, Noher I, Pesaola F. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in the South American-Caribbean region: An epidemiological overview. Front Neurol 2022; 13:920421. [PMID: 36034292 PMCID: PMC9412946 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.920421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) comprise 13 hereditary neurodegenerative pathologies of very low frequency that affect individuals of all ages around the world. All NCLs share a set of symptoms that are similar to other diseases. The exhaustive collection of data from diverse sources (clinical, genetic, neurology, ophthalmology, etc.) would allow being able in the future to define this group with greater precision for a more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Despite the large amount of information worldwide, a detailed study of the characteristics of the NCLs in South America and the Caribbean region (SA&C) has not yet been done. Here, we aim to present and analyse the multidisciplinary evidence from all the SA&C with qualitative weighting and biostatistical evaluation of the casuistry. Seventy-one publications from seven countries were reviewed, and data from 261 individuals (including 44 individuals from the Cordoba cohort) were collected. Each NCL disease, as well as phenotypical and genetic data were described and discussed in the whole group. The CLN2, CLN6, and CLN3 disorders are the most frequent in the region. Eighty-seven percent of the individuals were 10 years old or less at the onset of symptoms. Seizures were the most common symptom, both at onset (51%) and throughout the disease course, followed by language (16%), motor (15%), and visual impairments (11%). Although symptoms were similar in all NCLs, some chronological differences could be observed. Sixty DNA variants were described, ranging from single nucleotide variants to large chromosomal deletions. The diagnostic odyssey was probably substantially decreased after medical education activities promoted by the pharmaceutical industry and parent organizations in some SA&C countries. There is a statistical deviation in the data probably due to the approval of the enzyme replacement therapy for CLN2 disease, which has led to a greater interest among the medical community for the early description of this pathology. As a general conclusion, it became clear in this work that the combined bibliographical/retrospective evaluation approach allowed a general overview of the multidisciplinary components and the epidemiological tendencies of NCLs in the SA&C region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Guelbert
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Servicio de Enfermedades Metabólicas Hereditarias, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Venier
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ines Adriana Cismondi
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Becerra
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Servicio de Enfermedades Metabólicas Hereditarias, Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Carlos Vazquez
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Elmer Andrés Fernández
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Lucía De Paul
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Norberto Guelbert
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Servicio de Enfermedades Metabólicas Hereditarias, Clínica Universitaria “Reina Fabiola”, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ines Noher
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Ines Noher ;
| | - Favio Pesaola
- Programa de Investigación Translacional de Lipofuscinosis Ceroidea Neuronal (NCL Program), Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Favio Pesaola ;
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3
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Pesaola F, Guelbert G, Venier AC, Cismondi IA, Becerra A, Vazquez JCG, Fernandez E, De Paul AL, Guelbert N, Noher I. “Atypical” Phenotypes of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: The Argentine Experience in the Genomic Era. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Favio Pesaola
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Guelbert
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Hospital de Niños de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana Clara Venier
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Argentina
| | - Inés Adriana Cismondi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Becerra
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Hospital de Niños de la Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ana Lucia De Paul
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Norberto Guelbert
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Argentina
| | - Inés Noher
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
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4
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Ortigoza-Escobar JD. A Proposed Diagnostic Algorithm for Inborn Errors of Metabolism Presenting With Movements Disorders. Front Neurol 2020; 11:582160. [PMID: 33281718 PMCID: PMC7691570 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.582160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited metabolic diseases or inborn errors of metabolism frequently manifest with both hyperkinetic (dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, ataxia, tremor, etc.) and hypokinetic (rigid-akinetic syndrome) movement disorders. The diagnosis of these diseases is in many cases difficult, because the same movement disorder can be caused by several diseases. Through a literature review, two hundred and thirty one inborn errors of metabolism presenting with movement disorders have been identified. Fifty-one percent of these diseases exhibits two or more movement disorders, of which ataxia and dystonia are the most frequent. Taking into account the wide range of these disorders, a methodical evaluation system needs to be stablished. This work proposes a six-step diagnostic algorithm for the identification of inborn errors of metabolism presenting with movement disorders comprising red flags, characterization of the movement disorders phenotype (type of movement disorder, age and nature of onset, distribution and temporal pattern) and other neurological and non-neurological signs, minimal biochemical investigation to diagnose treatable diseases, radiological patterns, genetic testing and ultimately, symptomatic, and disease-specific treatment. As a strong action, it is emphasized not to miss any treatable inborn error of metabolism through the algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- Movement Disorders Unit, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERER-ISCIII and European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
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Kozina AA, Okuneva EG, Baryshnikova NV, Krasnenko AY, Tsukanov KY, Klimchuk OI, Kondakova OB, Larionova AN, Batysheva TT, Surkova EI, Shatalov PA, Ilinsky VV. A novel MFSD8 mutation in a Russian patient with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7: a case report. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 19:151. [PMID: 30144815 PMCID: PMC6109285 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-018-0669-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are the most common autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorders in children. Clinical manifestations include progressive cognitive decline, motor impairment, ataxia, visual loss, seizures and early death. To date more than 440 NCL-causing mutations in 13 genes are known. Case presentation We report clinical and genetic characteristics of a 5-year-old girl affected by ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 (NCL7). She had progressive motor and mental deterioration since the age of 2,5 years. Later she developed progressive vision loss, stereotypies, action myoclonus and epilepsy. By the age of 5 years she stopped walking. Based on symptoms, diagnosis of Rett syndrome was suggested, but no abnormalities were detected in MeCP2. We identified a novel homozygous mutation in MFSD8 gene (c.525 T > A, p.Cys175Ter). To our knowledge, this is the first report of MFSD8 gene mutation in a Russian patient with variant late-infantile NCL. Conclusions Our results enlarge mutational spectrum of ceroid lipofuscinosis type 7 and demonstrate tremendous diagnosis value of exome sequencing for pediatric NCLs. Also we confirmed that NCL should be suspected in patients with Rett-like phenotype at onset and negative MECP2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Aleksandrovna Kozina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street 10 building 8, 119121, Moscow, Russia.,Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia Vladimirovna Baryshnikova
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Yurievna Krasnenko
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Olga Borisovna Kondakova
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Nikolaevna Larionova
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Timofeevna Batysheva
- Scientific and Practical Centre of Pediatric psychoneurology of Moscow Healthcare Department, Michurinsky prospect, 74, 119602, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Peter Alekseevich Shatalov
- Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya str 2, 125412, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Vladimirovich Ilinsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya street 10 building 8, 119121, Moscow, Russia.,Genotek Ltd, Nastavnicheskii pereulok 17/1, 105120, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianova street 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Gubkina street 3, 119333, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Rama Rao KV, Kielian T. Astrocytes and lysosomal storage diseases. Neuroscience 2015; 323:195-206. [PMID: 26037807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) encompass a wide range of disorders characterized by inborn errors of lysosomal function. The majority of LSDs result from genetic defects in lysosomal enzymes, although some arise from mutations in lysosomal proteins that lack known enzymatic activity. Neuropathological abnormalities are a feature of several LSDs and when severe, represent an important determinant in disease outcome. Glial dysfunction, particularly in astrocytes, is also observed in numerous LSDs and has been suggested to impact neurodegeneration. This review will discuss the potential role of astrocytes in LSDs and highlight the possibility of targeting glia as a beneficial strategy to counteract the neuropathology associated with LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Rama Rao
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
| | - T Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States.
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Kohan R, Pesaola F, Guelbert N, Pons P, Oller-Ramírez AM, Rautenberg G, Becerra A, Sims K, Xin W, Cismondi IA, Noher de Halac I. The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses program: A translational research experience in Argentina. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2301-11. [PMID: 25976102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Argentinean program was initiated more than a decade ago as the first experience of systematic translational research focused on NCL in Latin America. The aim was to overcome misdiagnoses and underdiagnoses in the region. SUBJECTS 216 NCL suspected individuals from 8 different countries and their direct family members. METHODS Clinical assessment, enzyme testing, electron microscopy, and DNA screening. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1) The study confirmed NCL disease in 122 subjects. Phenotypic studies comprised epileptic seizures and movement disorders, ophthalmology, neurophysiology, image analysis, rating scales, enzyme testing, and electron microscopy, carried out under a consensus algorithm; 2) DNA screening and validation of mutations in genes PPT1 (CLN1), TPP1 (CLN2), CLN3, CLN5, CLN6, MFSD8 (CLN7), and CLN8: characterization of variant types, novel/known mutations and polymorphisms; 3) Progress of the epidemiological picture in Latin America; and 4) NCL-like pathology studies in progress. The Translational Research Program was highly efficient in addressing the misdiagnosis/underdiagnosis in the NCL disorders. The study of "orphan diseases" in a public administrated hospital should be adopted by the health systems, as it positively impacts upon the family's quality of life, the collection of epidemiological data, and triggers research advances. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: "Current Research on the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Kohan
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Favio Pesaola
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
| | - Norberto Guelbert
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Pons
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Enrique Barros, 1º piso, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Oller-Ramírez
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gisela Rautenberg
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Becerra
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Katherine Sims
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurology Department, Center for Genetic Research [CHGR], Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Winnie Xin
- Massachussets General Hospital, Neurology Department, Center for Genetic Research [CHGR], Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Inés Adriana Cismondi
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Inés Noher de Halac
- Centro de Estudio de las Metabolopatías Congénitas (CEMECO), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ferroviarios 1250, 5014 Córdoba, Argentina; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre s/n, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina.
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8
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Deng H, Xiu X, Jankovic J. Genetic convergence of Parkinson's disease and lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1554-68. [PMID: 25099932 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by predominant degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence of intracellular inclusions enriched in α-synuclein, resulting in a variety motor and nonmotor symptoms. Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of disorders including Gaucher disease, Niemann-Pick disease, and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses caused by the defective activity of lysosomal and nonlysosomal proteins. In addition to an overlap in some clinical features between lysosomal storage disorders and Parkinson's disease, the two disorders may be also linked pathogenically. There is growing support for the notion that mutations in genes causing lysosomal storage disorders including the glucocerebrosidase gene, the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 gene, and the NPC1 gene may increase risk for developing Parkinson's disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the genetic convergence of Parkinson's disease and lysosomal storage disorders, shedding new light on the understanding of shared pathogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Deng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China,
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Kok F. What neurodegeneration, brain malformation and cancer might have in common? An abnormal gene expression! ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2011; 69:1-2. [PMID: 21359413 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2011000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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