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Abstract
I herein review published studies reporting the prevalence of Toxocara infection in dogs and cats in Brazil. Based on data gathered from faecal examinations of approximately 38,940 dogs and 5600 cats from different Brazilian studies, the mean prevalence of Toxocara infection is 11.4% (range: 0.7-48.9%) in dogs and 16.7% (0.3-43.1%) in cats. These mean values based on faecal examinations should be interpreted with cautious, considering the obvious differences in terms of sample size, diagnostic tests and animal populations. Accordingly, necropsy investigations reveal higher mean prevalence values (21.9% for Toxocara canis and 27.6% Toxocara cati in dogs and cats, respectively). The contamination with Toxocara eggs in different environments and the significance of these parasites from a public health perspective in Brazil are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Quadros RMD, Weiss PHE, Miletti LC, Moura ABD. OCCURRENCE OF Calodium hepaticum (BANCROFT, 1893) MORAVEC, 1982 EGGS IN FECES OF DOGS AND CATS IN LAGES, SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 58:6. [PMID: 26910455 PMCID: PMC4793947 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201658006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to report the incidence of Calodium hepaticum among dogs and cats,
pets or stray animals, captured by the Zoonosis Control Center (CCZ) in Lages, Santa
Catarina, Brazil. Fecal samples from 108 pet dogs and eight pet cats, and from 357
stray dogs and 97 stray cats, captured by CCZ, were analyzed within the period from
July 2010 to November 2012. Coproparasitological exams were performed by techniques
of sedimentation, centrifuge-flotation, and simple flotation. Among 465 fecal samples
from dogs and 105 from cats, the overall spurious infections for C. hepaticum eggs
were 1.05%. For dogs, this positivity was 0.43% and for cats it was 3.81%. The two
positive dogs were stray and out of the four cats, three were stray and one was a
pet. Although the occurrence of C. hepaticum eggs was low, these data reveal the
existence of infected rodents, especially in public places, since, out of the six
infected animals, five (83.33%) were stray. These results are discussed and analyzed
with an emphasis on the risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil, , , ,
| | - Anderson Barbosa de Moura
- Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brasil, , , ,
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Domingues LR, Cesar JA, Fassa AG, Domingues MR. [Responsible pet animal guardianship in the urban area of the municipality of Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2015; 20:185-92. [PMID: 25650612 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232014201.19632013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study sought to estimate the presence of cats and dogs in households in the urban area of the city and assess responsible guardianship and associated factors. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using the multi-stage sampling process and the census sectors of the demographic census of the year 2010 carried out by IBGE were used as conglomerates. The unit under study was the household. The outcome was responsible guardianship, defined by a score that took into account the following variables: sterilization, anti-rabies vaccination, veterinary medical consultation, control of endoparasites, access of animals to public areas, control of ectoparasites and the collection of feces of animals in public areas. Of the 1,558 households investigated, 58.9% had pets (cat or dog). The study reveals that the score of responsible guardianship increases with the education level of the head of the household and is highest among apartment dwellers. The majority of the households investigated met only half of the criteria. The results of this study point to the need for public policies that instruct the population on responsible guardianship, and that offer immunizations and sterilization services for animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juraci Almeida Cesar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil,
| | - Anaclaudia Gastal Fassa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil,
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Parasitological and hematological aspects of co-infection with Angiostrongylus vasorum and Ancylostoma caninum in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2014; 200:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Araujo JM, Araújo JVD, Braga FR, Ferreira SR, Tavela ADO. Predatory activity of chlamydospores of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporia on Toxocara caniseggs under laboratory conditions. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2013; 22:171-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612013000100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to use chlamydospores of the fungusPochonia chlamydosporia (isolates VC1 and VC4) against Toxocara canis eggs in a 15-day in vitro assay. One thousand T. canis eggs were placed in Petri dishes containing 2% water agar medium with different concentrations of chlamydospores (1,000, 10,000 or 100,000) of each fungal isolate of P. chlamydosporia (treated groups) and 1,000 eggs in Petri dishes without fungus (control group). Egg counts were performed to determine the ovicidal activity, which was classified as three effect levels: type 1, type 2 and type 3. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in egg destruction were found in comparison with the control group. The highest percentage of egg destruction was found in plates containing 100,000 chlamydospores (68.5% for VC1 and 70.5% for VC4). Chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporiawere effective in destroying T. canis eggs and may contribute in the future towards combating the eggs of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Ribeiro Braga
- Federal University of Viçosa – UFV, Brazil; Universidade de Vila Velha – UVV, Brazil
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Braga FR, Silva ARE, Araújo JM, Carvalho RO, Araújo JVD, Frassy LN. [Predatory activity of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium and Arthrobotrys robusta on Strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 43:588-90. [PMID: 21085876 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000500024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Strongyloides stercoralis is a nematode that infects much of the population worldwide. METHODS This study aimed to compare the ability of predatory nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I-31) on infective larvae (L₃) of Strongyloides stercoralis in laboratory conditions on 2% water-agar. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, the percentage reductions in Strongyloides stercoralis L3 were 83.7% (AC001), 75.5% (NF34) and 73.2% (I-31). CONCLUSIONS The nematophagous fungi were able to capture and destroy the L3 in vitro and may be used as biological controls of Strongyloides stercoralis.
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Chieffi PP, Santos SVD, Queiroz MLD, Lescano SAZ. Human toxocariasis: contribution by Brazilian researchers. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2010; 51:301-8. [PMID: 20209265 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper the main aspects of the natural history of human infection by Toxocara larvae that occasionally result in the occurrence of visceral and/or ocular larva migrans syndrome were reviewed. The contribution by Brazilian researchers was emphasized, especially the staff of the Tropical Medicine Institute of São Paulo (IMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Chieffi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (LIM 06) , SP, São Paulo, Brasil. and
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Frassy LN, Braga FR, Silva ARE, Araújo JVD, Ferreira SR, Freitas LGD. Destruição de ovos de Toxocara canis pelo fungo nematófago Pochonia chlamydosporia. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2010; 43:102-4. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822010000100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Toxocara canis é um ascarídeo parasita do intestino delgado de cães, causador da larva migrans visceral em seres humanos. MÉTODOS: Com o objetivo de demonstrar a eficácia do fungo Pochonia chlamydosporia sobre ovos de Toxocara canis em condições laboratoriais, foi montado ensaio experimental em placas de Petri com ágar-água 2%. RESULTADOS: Houve atividade ovicida de 43,8% (p<0,01) do grupo tratado em relação ao grupo controle durante os intervalos estudados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstrados no presente trabalho sugerem a empregabilidade de Pochonia chlamydosporia como uma alternativa de controle biológico dos ovos embrionados de Toxocara canis.
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Prates L, Pacheco L, Kuhl J, Dias M, Araújo S, Pupulin A. Frequência de parasitos intestinais em cães domiciliados da cidade de Maringá, PR. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Dantas-Torres F. Canine vector-borne diseases in Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2008; 1:25. [PMID: 18691408 PMCID: PMC2533296 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-1-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are highly prevalent in Brazil and represent a challenge to veterinarians and public health workers, since some diseases are of great zoonotic potential. Dogs are affected by many protozoa (e.g., Babesia vogeli, Leishmania infantum, and Trypanosoma cruzi), bacteria (e.g., Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis), and helminths (e.g., Dirofilaria immitis and Dipylidium caninum) that are transmitted by a diverse range of arthropod vectors, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, tabanids, and phlebotomine sand flies. This article focuses on several aspects (etiology, transmission, distribution, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, control, prevention, and public health significance) of CVBDs in Brazil and discusses research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, PO Box 7472, Recife, 50670420, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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