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Aucoin P, Gardam O, St John E, Kokenberg-Gallant L, Corbeil S, Smith J, Guimond FA. COVID-19-related anxiety and trauma symptoms predict decreases in body image satisfaction in children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1666-1677. [PMID: 35543799 PMCID: PMC9091148 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated short-term longitudinal effects of COVID-19-related trauma and separation, social, and generalized anxiety symptoms on children's body image satisfaction. Participants were 247 Canadian children (121 boys, 123 girls) aged between 7 and 12 years (M = 9.04). Two cohorts of parents were recruited to complete a questionnaire at two time points on their children's body image satisfaction and COVID-19-related trauma and anxiety symptoms. The first cohort (n = 136 children) was recruited in Summer 2020 and the second cohort (n = 111 children) was recruited in Winter 2021. For each cohort, follow-up surveys were completed approximately five months later, therefore covering an entire year with both cohorts. Multilevel regression analyses showed that children's trauma and anxiety at Time 1 predicted significant decreases in body image satisfaction at Time 2. Older children were especially at risk of decreased body image satisfaction as a result of their COVID-19-related trauma, social anxiety and generalized anxiety symptoms. Younger girls were susceptible to decreased body image satisfaction as a result of their separation anxiety symptoms. Given that children's body image dissatisfaction is a precursor to the development of eating disorders, these findings shed light on potential targets for early intervention with children who are at-risk of developing such difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Aucoin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Gardam
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth St John
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laila Kokenberg-Gallant
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Corbeil
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smith
- Department of Education, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fanny-Alexandra Guimond
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Hall, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kapoor A, Upadhyay MK, Saini NK. Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of body image dissatisfaction among female undergraduate students of University of Delhi. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:2002-2007. [PMID: 35800482 PMCID: PMC9254831 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1851_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Body image is an essential aspect of young girls' self-definition and individual identity and is influenced by multitude of factors including cultural, social, cognitive, affective, and biological. In recent times, excessive concern about the body image has been reported and the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) has increased among adolescent and young girls. Objectives The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of BID, its pattern and the factors associated with it among female undergraduate students and also to assess the level of concern about their body image. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 female undergraduate students using a contour drawing rating scale and a body shape questionnaire to assess BID and its pattern, and the level of concern about body image, respectively. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the factors determining body image perception. Results The prevalence of body mage dissatisfaction was 76.7% with overweight and obesity, and media influences being significantly associated with it. Nutritional status, mother's educational status, and media influences were the determinants. Body shape concerns were found among 30.6% of the participants out of which 7.3% reported marked to moderate concerns. Conclusions Our findings highlighted a higher prevalence of perceived dissatisfaction with the body image and also that it is not simply the outcome of sociocultural pressure to conform to a certain body type but is the result of a complex interaction between individual differences in actual body mass and preference for a thin body ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilasha Kapoor
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Kumari Upadhyay
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Narinder Kumar Saini
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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Body Dissatisfaction and Its Association with Health-Related Factors in Rural and Urban Mexican Adolescents from the State of Jalisco. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212215. [PMID: 34831971 PMCID: PMC8624549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: To better understand Mexican adolescent’s body self-perception, this study aimed to analyze their body dissatisfaction (BD) levels according to sex and place of residence. We also aimed to explore differences in body composition (BC), physical fitness (PF), and physical activity (PA) between satisfied and dissatisfied adolescents and to find the associations between BD and these parameters. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study carried out in Jalisco (Mexico) in which 451 adolescents (43.68% males, 43.90% rural) aged 13–17 years were evaluated. BD and self-perceived PF and PA were assessed with validated questionnaires, while objectively measured PF (strength, explosive strength, speed-agility, and cardiovascular fitness) was assessed using field tests. To evaluate BC, anthropometric measures and bioelectric impedance analysis were carried out. Regression analysis was used to ascertain the associations between health-related factors and body dissatisfaction. Results: Girls obtained higher scores on the BD questionnaire than boys (11.12 ± 3.13 vs. 10.33 ± 2.73; p < 0.05), whereas no geographical differences between rural and urban adolescents were found. BD was positively associated with higher fat mass (β = 0.15; p < 0.001), and negatively associated with muscle mass and PF (β = −0.24 and β = −0.23; p < 0.001). However, PA was not associated with any of the measured parameters. Conclusions: selected parameters of BC, PF, and sex have an impact on the Mexican adolescent’s body satisfaction levels and should be considered when designing future health policies.
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Dogbe W, Salazar-Ordóñez M, Gil JM. Disentangling the Drivers of Obesity: An Analytical Framework Based on Socioeconomic and Intrapersonal Factors. Front Nutr 2021; 8:585318. [PMID: 33791330 PMCID: PMC8006933 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.585318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing at exponential rates in developed economies despite the numerous policy interventions being implemented. The causes of obesity are multifactorial demanding a holistic review for targeted intervention. This study, therefore, provides a holistic overview of multiple factors affecting body weights i.e., socioeconomic and intrapersonal factors. We used data from a household and experimental survey carried out in Spain (Barcelona) in 2014. A non-linear path analysis was used considering the non-linear relationships that might exist between these factors and body weight. Results confirm non-linear relationships between some socioeconomic, intrapersonal factors and body weight. Among the intrapersonal factors, obesity is directly influenced by volitional control of obesity, attitude toward obese persons, holding a correct body image and body image dissatisfaction. Socioeconomic factors that have significant influence on obesity were age, education and gender. Risk attitudes do not correlate with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisdom Dogbe
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Melania Salazar-Ordóñez
- Universidad de Córdoba, WEARE-Water, Environmental and Agricultural Resources Economics, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose M Gil
- Center for Agro-Food Economics and Development (CREDA-UPC-IRTA), University Polytechnic of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Santos KMD, Tsutsui MLDS, Mazzucchetti L, Galvão PPDO, Granado FS, Rodrigues D, Tomita LY, Maia RDRP, Gimeno SGA. Agreement between nutritional status and perception of body image in indigenous Khisêdjê of the Xingu Indigenous Park. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2020; 23:e200040. [PMID: 32491046 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the agreement between body self-image (based on the Stunkard figure rating scale) and nutritional status and to evaluate body satisfaction among the Khisêdjê indigenous people of Parque Indígena do Xingu (Xingu Indigenous Park). METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 131 natives aged 20 and older. Data on body image, body mass index and waist circumference were collected. Kappa statistics, χ2 (p < 0.05), crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and Student's t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity was respectively 42 and 5.3%. The percentage of satisfaction with body profile was 61.8% with no difference between the sexes. There was good agreement between actual and ideal self-image (p < 0.001), but poor agreement between actual and ideal self-image with nutritional status for both sexes. A higher prevalence of body dissatisfaction due to overweight was detected in individuals with central obesity and overweight. CONCLUSION The results suggest that body self-image evaluated by the Stunkard silhouette scale has little applicability as an indicator of nutritional status among the indigenous Khisêdjê of Xingu Indigenous Park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy Maia Dos Santos
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Lalucha Mazzucchetti
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Douglas Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Yuki Tomita
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Riahi R, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Daniali SS, Kelishadi R. Body Weight Misperception and Psychological Distress Among Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:315-324. [PMID: 31673493 PMCID: PMC6816359 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Misperception of weight status is a risk factor that affects psychological health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between weight misperception patterns and psychological distress among Iranian children and adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional nationwide study where data was collected from 14,440 students, aged 7–18 years who participated in the national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN-V). The students’ weight perception and psychological distress were assessed by validated questionnaires. Weight misperception was classified as misperception of being either underweight or overweight with respect to actual weight. Results The rate of weight misperception in all study participants was 59.1%. In groups with a perception of being underweight or overweight, the risks of worthlessness, being worried, experiencing aggression, insomnia, or depression, were significantly higher than groups with an accurate weight perception (p < 0.05). The risk of anxiety in girls of normal weight who perceived themselves as underweight, decreased by 57% compared to girls with an accurate weight perception (OR: 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.66). Conclusion Weight misperception is highly prevalent among Iranian children and adolescents and is associated with their psychological health status. Appropriate education intervention needs to be developed to improve the children and adolescents’ perception of their body weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Riahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Flores-Cornejo F, Kamego-Tome M, Zapata-Pachas MA, Alvarado GF. Association between body image dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms in adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:316-322. [PMID: 28355343 PMCID: PMC7111410 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the association between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and depressive symptoms in adolescents from a school in Lima, Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed through a census of 875 high-school students, aged 13 to 17 years, from a school in Lima. Participants completed a survey containing the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Data regarding demographics, alcohol and tobacco use, self-esteem, and family history of depression were also obtained. To identify associated factors, Poisson regression with robust variance was used. Prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Of the 875 adolescents, 55.8% were male. The mean age was 14.1±1.5 years. Depressive symptoms were observed in 19.9% of participants. An association between BID and depressive symptoms was found. Alcohol and tobacco use were also associated with the outcome of interest. Conclusions: Teens who had BID were 3.7 times more likely to report depressive symptoms. Additionally, those who used tobacco or alcohol were 1.5 and 1.4 times more likely to have depressive symptoms, respectively. Further studies targeting other populations and using longitudinal designs are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayumi Kamego-Tome
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | | | - German F Alvarado
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
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Legey S, Lamego MK, Lattari E, Campos C, Paes F, Sancassiani F, Mura G, Carta MG, Rocha NBF, Nardi AE, José de Oliveira A, Neto GM, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Arias-Carrión O, Budde H, Machado S. Relationship Among Body Image, Anthropometric Parameters and Mental Health in Physical Education Students. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 12:177-187. [PMID: 28217145 PMCID: PMC5278552 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901612010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) is currently high. Given that psychological well-being is associated with the body measurements imposed by esthetic standards, BID is an important risk factor for mental disorders. Objective Identify the prevalence of BID, and compare anthropometric and mental health parameters between individuals satisfied and dissatisfied with their body image. Method A total of 140 university students completed the silhouette scale to screen for BID. Anthropometric measures, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were used. To investigate mental health, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI-S and STAI-T), Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale and Quality of Life (QOL-36) questionnaire were used to investigate mental health. The Student’s t-test was applied to compare anthropometric and mental health parameters. Results 67.1% of university students exhibited BID. There was a significant difference (p = 0.041) in BF and WC (p = 0.048) between dissatisfied and satisfied individuals. With respect to mood states, significant differences were observed for anger (p = 0.014), depression (p = 0.011), hostility (p = 0.006), fatigue (p = 0.013), mental confusion (p = 0.021) and total mood disturbance (TMD) (p = 0.001). The mental aspect of QOL was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in satisfied university students compared to their dissatisfied counterparts. Conclusion BID was high and it seems to be influenced by anthropometric measures related to the amount and distribution of body fat. This dissatisfaction may have a negative effect on the quality of life and mood state of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Legey
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Physical Activities, Sports and Physical Education (LAMAFEEF/UVA), Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
| | - Murilo Khede Lamego
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Physical Activities, Sports and Physical Education (LAMAFEEF/UVA), Veiga de Almeida University, Cabo Frio, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Campos
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Flávia Paes
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gioia Mura
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nuno Barbosa F Rocha
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Antônio Egídio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aldair José de Oliveira
- School of Physical Activity, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Geraldo Maranhão Neto
- Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán, México; Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento. División Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab. Mérida, Yucatán. México; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS), Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México. México; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Sport Science, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland; Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO), Niterói, Brazil; Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group
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San Martini MC, de Assumpção D, Barros MBDA, Canesqui AM, Barros ADA. Are normal-weight adolescents satisfied with their weight? SAO PAULO MED J 2016; 134:219-27. [PMID: 27191251 PMCID: PMC10496597 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2015.01850912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE The high prevalence of obesity has led to public policies for combating it. People with normal weight may gain greater awareness of this issue and change their perceptions of their weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of body weight dissatisfaction among normal-weight adolescents, according to demographic and socioeconomic variables, health-related behavior and morbidities. DESIGN AND SETTING Population-based cross-sectional study that used data from a health survey conducted in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, in 2008-2009. METHODS The prevalence and prevalence ratios of weight dissatisfaction were estimated according to independent variables, by means of simple and multiple Poisson regression. RESULTS 573 normal-weight adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (mean age 14.7 years) were analyzed. The prevalence of weight dissatisfaction was 43.7% (95% confidence interval, CI: 37.8-49.8). Higher prevalences of weight dissatisfaction were observed among females, individuals aged 15 to 19 years, those whose households had eight or more domestic appliances, former smokers, individuals who reported alcohol intake and those who had one or more chronic diseases. Lower prevalence of dissatisfaction was observed among adolescents living in substandard housing. Among the normal-weight adolescents, 26.1% wished to lose weight and 17.6% wished to gain weight. CONCLUSION The results from this study indicate that even when weight is seen to be within the normal range, a high proportion of adolescents express dissatisfaction with their weight, especially females, older adolescents and those of higher socioeconomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Contiero San Martini
- MSc. Researcher, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniela de Assumpção
- PhD. Postdoctoral Researcher, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, and Researcher, Department of Public Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
- PhD. Titular Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Canesqui
- PhD. Collaborating Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Antonio de Azevedo Barros
- PhD. Titular Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Laus MF, Kakeshita IS, Costa TMB, Ferreira MEC, Fortes LDS, Almeida SS. Body image in Brazil: recent advances in the state of knowledge and methodological issues. Rev Saude Publica 2015; 48:331-46. [PMID: 24897056 PMCID: PMC4206138 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048004950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze Brazilian literature on body image and the theoretical and
methodological advances that have been made. METHODS A detailed review was undertaken of the Brazilian literature on body image,
selecting published articles, dissertations and theses from the SciELO,
SCOPUS, LILACS and PubMed databases and the CAPES thesis database. Google
Scholar was also used. There was no start date for the search, which used
the following search terms: “body image” AND “Brazil” AND “scale(s)”; “body
image” AND “Brazil” AND “questionnaire(s)”; “body image” AND “Brazil” AND
“instrument(s)”; “body image” limited to Brazil and “body image”. RESULTS The majority of measures available were intended to be used in college
students, with half of them evaluating satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the
body. Females and adolescents of both sexes were the most studied
population. There has been a significant increase in the number of available
instruments. Nevertheless, numerous published studies have used
non-validated instruments, with much confusion in the use of the appropriate
terms (e.g., perception, dissatisfaction, distortion). CONCLUSIONS Much more is needed to understand body image within the Brazilian population,
especially in terms of evaluating different age groups and diversifying the
components/dimensions assessed. However, interest in this theme is
increasing, and important steps have been taken in a short space of
time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Leonardo de Sousa Fortes
- Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - Sebastião Sousa Almeida
- Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in female students aged 9-15: the effects of age, family income, body mass index levels and dance practice. J Hum Kinet 2014; 43:25-32. [PMID: 25713641 PMCID: PMC4332181 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2014-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of age, family income, body mass index and dance practice on levels of body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in female students. The sample consisted of 283 female subjects attending a public school with a mean age of 11.51±1.60 years and a mean body mass index of 18.72 kg/m2 (SD=3.32). The instruments used were the Body Dissatisfaction Scale for Adolescents and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, both of which showed good internal consistency (0.77 and 0.81, respectively). The tests were applied (two-factor ANOVA) to compare the students practicing and those not practicing dance; the differences in the levels of body dissatisfaction (p=0.104) and self-esteem (p=0.09) were considered significant. The results demonstrated that age negatively correlated with body dissatisfaction (r=-0.19; p<0.01) and that higher body mass index levels were associated with greater body dissatisfaction (r=0.15, p=0.016) and lower levels of self-esteem (r=-0.17, p<0.01) only in non-practitioners. The practice of dance had a significant effect on levels of body dissatisfaction (F=4.79; p=0.030; η(2)=0.02), but there was no significant difference in self-esteem (F=1.88; p=0.172; η(2)=0.02). It can be concluded that female children and adolescents practicing dance have higher self-esteem, and are more satisfied with their body weight and their appearance. Moreover, results showed that self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were influenced by the body mass index levels only in the non-practitioners group.
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Schubert A, Januário RSB, Casonatto J, Sonoo CN. Body image, nutritional status, abdominal strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents practicing sports. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2013; 31:71-6. [PMID: 23703047 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822013000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the association between nutritional status, physical fitness, and body image in children and adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 401 students (236 boys and 165 girls) aged between 8 and 16 years that were regularly enrolled in sports in the local clubs. The nutritional status was evaluated by the body mass index. Students were assessed for satisfaction with body image, abdominal strength resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness. The variables were assessed on the same day following a standardized order. In order to verify relationships between variables, the chi-square test was used. Afterwards, the binary logistic regression was applied to identify the magnitude of the associations, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS Association was found between body image and body mass index (p=0.001), abdominal strength resistance (p=0.005) and cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.001). The Odds Ratio for presenting the body image insatisfaction for those who have not achieved the expected values for the health criteria in abdominal strength resistance and cardiorespiratory fitness were 2.14 and 2.42 times respectively, and for those with overweight and obesity, 2.87 times. CONCLUSIONS Insatisfaction with body image is associated with body mass index and also with physical fitness, abdominal strength resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Schubert
- Mestre em Educação Física pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM); Docente da Unopar, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
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Petroski EL, Pelegrini A, Glaner MF. Motivos e prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal em adolescentes. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2012; 17:1071-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232012000400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Verificar os motivos e a prevalência de insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IC) em adolescentes. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 641 adolescentes de 11 a 17 anos. A imagem corporal foi autoavaliada através da escala de nove silhuetas corporais. Resultados: A prevalência de insatisfação com a IC foi de 60,4% (masculino = 54,5%, feminino = 65,7%; p < 0,05). Os rapazes (26,4%) apresentaram maior desejo em aumentar o tamanho da silhueta corporal, enquanto as moças (52,4%) desejavam diminuir. Prevalência mais elevada de insatisfação com a IC foi encontrada nos adolescentes urbanos. Os motivos indicados pelos adolescentes para a insatisfação foram similares entre os sexos (p = 0,156). Quando ao domicílio, a estética foi o motivo indicado pelos adolescentes urbanos e a autoestima pelos adolescentes rurais. Foi encontrada associação entre a percepção da imagem corporal e os motivos de insatisfação. Conclusões: A estética, a autoestima e a saúde são os motivos que mais influenciam a insatisfação com a IC. Mais da metade dos adolescentes está insatisfeita com sua silhueta corporal. Neste sentido, intervenções por profissionais e serviços de saúde são necessárias nessa fase da vida, para prevenir possíveis problemas futuros de distúrbios alimentares (anorexia, bulimia e vigorexia).
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Forbes GB, Jung J, Vaamonde JD, Omar A, Paris L, Formiga NS. Body Dissatisfaction and Disordered Eating in Three Cultures: Argentina, Brazil, and the U.S. SEX ROLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scagliusi FB, Pereira PDR, Stelmo IDC, Unsain RF, Martins PA, Sato PDM. Insatisfação corporal, prática de dietas e comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em mães residentes em Santos. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0047-20852012000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a insatisfação corporal, a prática de dietas e os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em uma amostra de mães residentes no município de Santos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 453 mães de filhos com até 10 anos de idade. As mães responderam ao Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (EAT-26), à Escala de Figuras de Stunkard e a uma questão sobre a prática atual de dietas. RESULTADOS: Das mães, 29,9% apresentaram escore positivo para os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e 21,8% estavam fazendo dieta para emagrecer no momento da entrevista. No tocante à imagem corporal, 17,5% das mães estavam satisfeitas com o seu tamanho corporal, 71,5% gostariam de diminuir seu tamanho corporal e 11,0% gostariam de aumentá-lo. Os comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares foram mais frequentes nas mães insatisfeitas com seus tamanhos corporais (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: A maioria das mães investigadas estava insatisfeita com os seus tamanhos corporais. A frequência de mães que praticavam dietas ou tinham comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares foi similar ou superior aos demais estudos nacionais, conduzidos, em sua maioria, com populações consideradas de risco, como meninas adolescentes e jovens universitárias.
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Silva QHD, Pedro FL, Kirsten VR. Satisfação corporal e características de lipodistrofia em crianças e adolescentes com HIV/AIDS em uso de terapia antirretroviral de alta potência. REVISTA PAULISTA DE PEDIATRIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822011000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença de alterações metabólicas e corporais e satisfação corporal em crianças e adolescentes em uso de terapia antirretroviral. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de 38 jovens entre seis e 18 anos infectados por HIV e atendidos entre dezembro de 2009 e maio de 2010. A satisfação corporal foi avaliada por escala de silhuetas, composta por 11 figuras. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio de mensurações de peso, altura, circunferências e pregas cutâneas. A presença de características de lipodistrofia foi avaliada pelo exame físico e o perfil lipídico e glicêmico foi solicitado no dia da consulta. Na análise estatística, aplicou-se o teste t e do qui-quadrado, sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos 38 jovens era eutrófica, com estatura adequada para idade, e 26% apresentavam sobrepeso/obesidade. O colesterol total esteve adequado em 29% dos pacientes. As mudanças corporais mais expressivas foram a lipo-hipertrofia na face e na região abdominal. A prevalência de insatisfação corporal foi de 84%. Crianças e adolescentes apresentaram níveis de insatisfação semelhantes; no entanto, as insatisfeitas com o excesso de peso mostravam valores médios mais elevados de índice de massa corporal e prega cutânea tricipital do que os satisfeitos, porém sem relação com a presença de lipodistrofia. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de insatisfação corporal nesta amostra não se associou com a lipodistrofia e foi semelhante à de indivíduos saudáveis. No entanto, as alterações morfológicas e bioquímicas requerem atenção das equipes multiprofissionais, de modo que se possam diminuir os riscos de novas enfermidades nos pacientes avaliados.
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Jaeger MADS, Seminotti N, Falceto OG. O grupo multifamiliar como recurso no tratamento dos transtornos alimentares. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81082011005000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O presente artigo é resultado do trabalho sistemático dos autores com grupos multifamiliares de pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno alimentar (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e transtorno alimentar não especificado), conjuntamente com seus familiares. As sessões são oferecidas em um hospital público na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS). MÉTODO: Os registros em vídeo de quatro sessões de terapia de grupo multifamiliar foram analisados qualitativamente utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Grupos multifamiliares assim constituídos não foram encontrados na revisão da literatura, e sim apenas relatos de grupos multifamiliares com finalidades exclusivamente psicoeducativas, sem a participação dos pacientes identificados. Na avaliação final, a modalidade de atendimento multifamiliar revelou-se como positiva para o atendimento dos casos avaliados. CONCLUSÕES: A pesquisa demonstrou que esse tipo de abordagem, associado ao tratamento unifamiliar e individual, pode tornar-se uma ferramenta eficaz de tratamento para esses pacientes e suas famílias.
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Abstract
SummaryChildhood excess weight is probably associated with, or reflected in, parental attitudes. The objective of this study was to study the relationships between childhood excess weight and parental attitudes. The study subjects were 53 boys and 56 girls, aged 6–10, regularly attending schools in Porto Alegre, south Brazil, and one of their parents or caregivers. Attitudes of the parents or caregivers were assessed by the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFD). Weight and height of the children were measured, parents self-reported their weight and height and body mass indexes were calculated for both. The WHO criteria for overweight and obesity were used for the adults. The CDC criteria for overweight and risk for overweight were used for the corresponding children. Boys presented excess weight more often than girls. The parents of children with excess weight showed higher scores for perceived child weight, concern about child weight, restriction and monitoring. In logistic regression, excess weight in children was associated with perceived child weight, restriction and male sex; pressure to eat was negatively associated with excess BMI. In Porto Alegre, south Brazil, excess body weight in children aged 6–10 is associated with parental perceived child weight and concern about it, monitoring and restriction; being a boy increases the odds of being overweight.
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Conti MA, Latorre MDRDDO, Hearst N, Segurado A. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation and reliability of the Body Area Scale for Brazilian adolescents. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2009; 25:2179-86. [PMID: 19851618 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2009001000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to translate, validate and verify the reliability of the Body Area Scale (BAS). Participants were 386 teenagers, enrolled in a private school. Translation into Portuguese was conducted. The instrument was evaluated for internal consistency and construct validation analysis. Reproducibility was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test and the coefficient of interclass correlation. The BAS demonstrated good values for internal consistency (0.90 and 0.88) and was able to discriminate boys and girls according to nutritional state (p = 0.020 and p = 0.026, respectively). BAS scores correlated with adolescents' BMI (r = 0.14, p = 0.055; r = 0.23, p = 0.001) and WC (r =0.13, p = 0.083; r = 0.22, 0.002). Reliability was confirmed by the coefficient of inter-class correlation (0.35, p < 0.001; 0.60, p < 0.001) for boys and girls, respectively. The instrument performed well in terms of understanding and time of completion. BAS was successfully translated into Portuguese and presented good validity when applied to adolescents.
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Conti MA, Slater B, Latorre MDRDDO. [Validity and reproducibility of Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes]. Rev Saude Publica 2009; 43:515-24. [PMID: 19448917 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a body dissatisfaction scale for adolescents. METHODS The study included 386 female and male adolescents aged 10 to 17 years enrolled in a private elementary and middle school in the city of São Bernardo do Campo, southeastern Brazil, in 2006. 'Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes' (body dissatisfaction scale for adolescents) was translated and culturally adapted. The Portuguese instrument was evaluated for internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis with Varimax rotation, discriminant validity by comparing score means according to nutritional status (low weight, normal weight, and at risk of overweight and obesity) using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Concurrent validity was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between scores and body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference. Reproducibility was evaluated using Wilcoxon test, and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS The translated and back-translated scale showed good agreement with the original one. The translated scale had good internal consistency in all subgroups studied (males and females in early and intermediate adolescence) and was able to discriminate adolescents according to their nutritional status. In the concurrent analysis, all three measures were correlated, except for males in early adolescence. Its reproducibility was ascertained. CONCLUSIONS The 'Escala de Evaluación da Insatisfación Corporal para Adolescentes' was successfully translated into Portuguese and adapted to the Brazilian background and showed good results. It is recommended for the evaluation of the attitudinal component of body image in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Conti
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Kakeshita IS, Silva AIP, Zanatta DP, Almeida SS. Construção e fidedignidade teste-reteste de escalas de silhuetas brasileiras para adultos e crianças. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722009000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver escalas de silhuetas para crianças e adultos brasileiros de ambos os sexos e iniciar a avaliação de suas qualidades psicométricas. Foram fotografados adultos e crianças com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) previamente conhecidos, desenhadas as silhuetas e construídas as escalas por computação gráfica. Para avaliação da fidedignidade, procedeu-se ao teste-reteste com intervalo de um mês. As escalas foram aplicadas e reaplicadas a 90 adultos (18 a 60 anos) e 69 crianças (7 a 12 anos). As escalas apresentaram coeficientes de correlação entre teste e reteste positivos e significativos para o IMC real e IMC percebido como atual por adultos (r=0,84; p<0,01) e crianças (r=0,61, p<0,01). Concluiu-se que as escalas desenvolvidas constituem instrumentos apropriados à aplicação clínica e epidemiológica para avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal de crianças e adultos brasileiros.
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Coqueiro RDS, Petroski EL, Pelegrini A, Barbosa AR. Insatisfação com a imagem corporal: avaliação comparativa da associação com estado nutricional em universitários. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81082008000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a associação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal e dois indicadores de estado nutricional em universitários brasileiros, assim como identificar o melhor preditor de insatisfação com a imagem corporal em universitários brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com 256 universitários (128 homens). Foram coletados dados demográficos (sexo e idade), antropométricos (massa corporal, estatura e espessura de dobras cutâneas) e de imagem corporal (silhueta atual e silhueta ideal). O índice de massa corporal (< 18,5 ou ≥ 25,0 kg/m² = inadequado) e o somatório de espessura de cinco dobras cutâneas (≤ 30 ou ≥ 62 e ≤ 43 ou ≥ 76 mm = inadequado, para homens e mulheres, respectivamente) foram derivados subseqüentemente. A análise incluiu estatística descritiva, teste de proporção, qui-quadrado e regressão logística. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos indivíduos foi de 23,1 anos (desvio padrão = 5,3), e a freqüência de insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal foi de 78,8%. A insatisfação com a imagem corporal não se associou ao sexo e ao índice de massa corporal. A análise multivariada demonstrou que a odds ratio associada ao somatório de espessura de cinco dobras cutâneas inadequado foi de 2,56. CONCLUSÃO: O índice de massa corporal não foi determinante de insatisfação com a imagem corporal, enquanto o somatório de espessura de cinco dobras cutâneas mostrou-se um preditor significativo desse distúrbio, independentemente do sexo.
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