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Villagrán AM, Santirso FA, Lila M, Gracia E. Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Latin America: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2065-2077. [PMID: 37897366 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231205825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are being increasingly recognized as a central issue for comprehensively understanding this complex phenomenon. While IPVAW remains widespread in Latin America, knowledge about it and research on attitudes toward IPVAW are limited. This systematic review synthesized quantitative peer-reviewed studies that address attitudes toward IPVAW in Latin America. The review was conducted between April 2020 and July 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations using the Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. In total, 52 of the 149 eligible articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Four sets of attitudes toward IPVAW were identified: legitimacy, acceptability, attitudes toward the intervention, and perceived severity. Attitude correlates were the most common research topic in more than half of the studies but were generally focused on a single country. Among the few multi-country studies, the sample of Latin American countries was small. The remaining studies were divided into three research themes: attitude as a predictor, interventions for attitude change, and scale validation. Our study aims to motivate future research on the identified knowledge gaps and may be useful for the implementation of appropriate prevention policies and intervention programs to counter IPVAW on a regional scale.
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de Queiroz Júnior JRA, da Costa Pereira JP, Benjamim RDAC, da Silva NOL, de Paiva Silva ME, Pinho Ramiro CPS. Relationship between sarcopenia and cachexia with prognostic markers of middle-aged and older inpatients with COVID-19: a case-control study. Eur Geriatr Med 2023:10.1007/s41999-023-00792-z. [PMID: 37162646 PMCID: PMC10171161 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to various manifestations beyond an inflammatory response, such as anorexia, hyposmia, and other symptoms that may increase the risk of nutritional disorders. Sarcopenia and cachexia are conditions that appear to influence COVID-19 evolution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate sarcopenia and cachexia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, verifying their clinical impacts and relationship with prognostic markers. METHODS This is a case-control study involving inpatients with and without a COVID-19 diagnosis. The occurrence of sarcopenia was evaluated according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia 2 criteria. Cachexia was evaluated according to (Evans et al. in Clin Nutr 27:793-799, 2008) criteria. Inflammatory markers and the 4C Mortality Score were evaluated. RESULTS Our study included 96 individuals, divided into two groups: COVID-19 (n = 32) and control (n = 64). The mean age of the COVID-19 group was 63.3 ± 11.8 years, and the control group had a mean age of 64.3 ± 5.5 years. No significant differences in mean age were found between the groups. The prevalence of sarcopenia and cachexia in patients with COVID-19 was 21.9% and 28.1%, respectively, while in the control group, it was 29.7% and 26.6%, respectively. Sarcopenic patients with COVID-19 had a higher risk of death (4C Mortality Score) (p = 0.038). The occurrence of sarcopenia or cachexia within the COVID-19 group was not associated with inflammatory biomarkers or a higher number of COVID-19 symptoms (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of sarcopenia among COVID-19 patients increased the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarson Pedro da Costa Pereira
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
- , Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Nahara Oliveira Lima da Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235-Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Porto Sabino Pinho Ramiro
- Cardiologic Emergency Room of Pernambuco, Luiz Tavares Professor, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Hospital das Clinicas of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Tele A, Kathono J, Mwaniga S, Nyongesa V, Yator O, Gachuno O, Wamalwa D, Amugune B, Cuijpers P, Saxena S, McKay M, Carvajal L, Lai J, Huang KY, Merali Z, Kumar M. Prevalence and risk factors associated with depression in pregnant adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 10. [PMID: 36970124 PMCID: PMC10038142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent parenthood can be associated with a range of adverse outcomes for young mothers such as depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Identification of depression and understanding risk factors among pregnant adolescents is important for development of appropriate interventions and programs focused on adolescent mental health. This paper reports on the findings of the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant adolescents in Nairobi, Kenya. Methods We recruited 153 pregnant adolescent (14-18 years) who were accessing maternal health services in one of two Nairobi County primary health care facilities in the cross-sectional survey conducted in 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 was used to screen for depression. Multivariate Stepwise linear regression modelling was used to identify key predictors of depression. Results Using a cut off of 10 and above on PHQ-9, we found that 43.1% of the respondents were depressed. Depressive symptoms in were independently associated with being in school, experience of intimate partner violence, substance use within the family and having experienced pressure to use substances by family or peers. Limitations Cross-sectional by design and the applications of our findings are limited to settings that are similar to our study population. The PHQ-9 used has not been psychometrically validated locally in this sample. Conclusion We found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among respondents. These risk factors identified merit further investigation. Comprehensive mental health screening needs to be integrated in primary and community health services on the possible presence of depression.
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Meneses-Reyes R, Quintana-Navarrete M. On Lethal Interactions: Differences Between Expressive and Instrumental Homicides in Mexico City. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP359-NP383. [PMID: 29294938 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517733280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on violence in Mexico and Latin America suggests that, in part, due to state attempts to fight organized crime and the widespread availability of firearms, violence and homicides in general have experienced a recent shift from expressive to instrumental. Despite this transformation, however, socioeconomically disadvantaged young males continue to be overwhelmingly present in homicide events. We argue that both the use of a firearm and demographic and traditional socioeconomic factors should independently predict instrumental homicide; however, the association between the use of a firearm and instrumentality should be moderated by the level or category of these traditional characteristics (i.e., socioeconomic status, age, and gender). Our findings are broadly consistent with these claims. We show that the relationship between the use of a firearm and instrumental homicides is larger for homicides involving disadvantaged males as victims because this group is more at risk of suffering homicidal violence to begin with, despite the fact that independently (i.e., with no interactions), higher socioeconomic status, age, and female victimhood are positively associated with instrumentality. We discuss the implications of these findings for research on Latin American violence and the expressive/instrumental distinction.
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Necho M, Belete A, Zenebe Y. The association of intimate partner violence with postpartum depression in women during their first month period of giving delivery in health centers at Dessie town, 2019. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:59. [PMID: 33042207 PMCID: PMC7539435 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression is a common psychiatric complaint of women following delivery and a multitude of psychosocial, maternal, newborn and husband-related factors were contributing to it. This condition has a detrimental impact on the mother-infant caregiving relationship and hastens the infant's cognitive, emotional and social development. However, a shortage of empirical evidence existed especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, we implemented this study to determine the magnitude of postpartum depression and its correlates. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was implemented on 378 postnatal women in the maternal and child health clinic of Dessie health centers within 4 weeks of their delivery. Postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Intimate partner violence was operationalized as a psychological, physical and sexual abusive action imposed on women by their associates. We estimated the crude and adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI using binary logistic regression to know the association and statistical significance was declared using a p-value < 0.05. RESULTS More than one-fourth, 102 (27%) (95% CI 22.5, 31.5) of participants were obtained to have postpartum depression. Being single from socio-demographic variables (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI 1.27, 16.74), dissatisfaction with child gender (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.62, 6.69), unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.76, 7.23) and depression during current pregnancy (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.81, 8.91) from pregnancy and newborn-related variables, intimate partner violence; psychological (AOR = 6.5, 95% CI 1.98, 15.85), sexual and physical violence (AOR = 3.46, 95%CI 2.34, 18.55), current husbands alcoholism (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.48, 5.34) from husband/partner-related variables and current substance use (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.16, 3.75) were found to have a statistically significant association with postpartum depression. CONCLUSION More than one-fourth of the interviewed women (27%) were found to have postpartum depression. Being single from socio-demographic variables, dissatisfaction with child gender, unplanned pregnancy, and depression during current pregnancy from pregnancy and newborn-related variables, intimate partner violence, and current husband's alcoholism from husband/partner-related variables and current substance use were the related factors. This suggests the need for integrating postpartum depression services into the existing postnatal maternal and child health services and basing intervention geared primarily to the mentioned factors above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Asmare Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Zenebe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Fiorotti KF, Amorim MHC, Lima EDFA, Primo CC, Moura MAV, Leite FMC. PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À VIOLÊNCIA DOMÉSTICA: ESTUDO EM UMA MATERNIDADE DE ALTO RISCO. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-07072018000810017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as prevalências dos tipos de violência doméstica entre puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade de alto risco e examinar a associação desses agravos com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e reprodutivas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 302 puérperas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas a partir de roteiro estruturado com questões acerca da caracterização das participantes e instrumento para identificação de violência Abuse Assessment Screen. Resultados: entre as entrevistadas, 43% relataram ter vivenciado situações de maus-tratos ao longo da vida, 7,6% foram vítimas de violência física no último ano e 4,6% estiveram em situação de violência física durante a gestação. Mulheres com idade entre 31-43 anos (RP: 1,5; 1,1-2,1), com três ou mais gestações (RP: 1,8; IC95%: 1,2-2,7) e evangélicas (RP: 1,6 IC95%: 1,1-2,3) vivenciaram mais frequentemente maus-tratos na vida. A ausência de companheiro esteve associada à história de violência física no último ano e na gestação (p< 0,05). Conclusão: este estudo reafirma que a violência constitui um fenômeno presente na vida da mulher, inclusive no período gestacional, e se mostrou associado à condição demográfica e obstétrica da mulher.
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Lange S, Probst C, Heer N, Roerecke M, Rehm J, Monteiro MG, Shield K, de Oliveira C, Popova S. Actual and predicted prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017. [PMID: 28614487 PMCID: PMC6645189 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population of Latin America and the Caribbean, by country, in 2012. Methods Three steps were taken: a comprehensive, systematic literature search; meta-analyses, assuming a random-effects model for countries with published studies; and regression modelling (data prediction) for countries with either no published studies or too few to obtain an estimate. Results Based on 24 existing studies, the pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population was estimated for Brazil (15.2%; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 10.4%–20.8%) and Mexico (1.2%; 95%CI: 0.0%–2.7%). The prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among the general population was predicted for 31 countries and ranged from 4.8% (95%CI: 4.2%–5.4%) in Cuba to 23.3% (95%CI: 20.1%–26.5%) in Grenada. Conclusions Greater prevention efforts and measures are needed in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean to prevent pregnant women from consuming alcohol during pregnancy and decrease the rates of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Additional high quality studies on the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Latin America and the Caribbean are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Navrose Heer
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Roerecke
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kevin Shield
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire de Oliveira
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Svetlana Popova
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ávila ME, Martínez-Ferrer B, Vera A, Bahena A, Musitu G. Victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in daily routines in Mexico. Rev Saude Publica 2016; 50:60. [PMID: 27706373 PMCID: PMC5068965 DOI: 10.1590/s1518-8787.2016050006098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between victimization, perception of insecurity, and changes in routines. METHODS The 8,170 subjects of both sexes (49.9% women and 50.1% men) aged between 12 and 60 years, selected from a proportional stratified sampling, participated in this study. The measuring instrument was an adaptation of the National Survey on Victimization and Perception of Public Security. Chi-square tests were performed. RESULTS The results show significant differences on victimization and sex regarding perception of insecurity, restrictions on everyday activities, and protection measures. 13.1% of those interviewed claimed to have been victims of a crime in the past 12 months. 52.7% of women considered their municipality as unsafe or very unsafe. In the case of men, this percentage was 58.2%. Female victims reported significant restrictions in everyday activities when compared to non-victims. In relation to men, the percentage of victims with a high restriction of activities was higher in male victims than non-victims. In the group of victimized women, the segment of women who opted for increased measures of protection against crime was larger than expected, while those of non-victims who took less protective measures was lower than expected. These same results were observed in the group of men. CONCLUSIONS The experience of victimization implies a greater perception of insecurity. However, the climate of insecurity is widespread in a large number of citizens. Gender differences in a high-crime environment show the importance of investigating in depth the roles of both genders in the perception of insecurity and changes in routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Transdisciplinar en Psicología. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Belén Martínez-Ferrer
- Departamento de Educación y Psicología Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Pablo Olavide. Sevilla, Andalucía, España
| | - Alejandro Vera
- Centro de Investigación Transdisciplinar en Psicología. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alejandro Bahena
- Departamento de Educación y Psicología Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Pablo Olavide. Sevilla, Andalucía, España
| | - Gonzalo Musitu
- Departamento de Educación y Psicología Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Pablo Olavide. Sevilla, Andalucía, España
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Ludermir AB, Valongueiro S, Araújo TVBD. Common mental disorders and intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 48:29-35. [PMID: 24789634 PMCID: PMC4206118 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048004538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between common mental disorders and intimate partner violence during pregnancy. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18-49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Program in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Common mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Intimate partner violence was defined as psychologically, physically and sexually abusive acts committed against women by their partners. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were estimated for the association studied utilizing logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The most common form of partner violence was psychological. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 71.0% among women who reported all form of violence in pregnancy and 33.8% among those who did not report intimate partner violence. Common mental disorders were associated with psychological violence (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.8;3.5), even without physical or sexual violence. When psychological violence was combined with physical or sexual violence, the risk of common mental disorders was even higher (OR 3.45; 95%CI 2.3;5.2). CONCLUSIONS Being assaulted by someone with whom you are emotionally involved can trigger feelings of helplessness, low self-esteem and depression. The pregnancy probably increased women`s vulnerability to common mental disorders.
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Silva EP, Ludermir AB, Araújo TVBD, Valongueiro SA. Frequency and pattern of intimate partner violence before, during and after pregnancy. Rev Saude Publica 2011; 45:1044-53. [PMID: 22127653 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-89102011005000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and analyze the pattern of intimate partner violence, before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. METHODS This was a cohort study undertaken on 960 women aged 18 to 49 years, who were registered in the Family Health Program of the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The women were interviewed during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence. To assess the pattern of intimate partner violence occurrences between a given time period and the subsequent period, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS The prevalence of intimate partner violence before, during and/or after pregnancy was estimated to be 47.4%. For the three periods separately, it was 32.4%, 31.0% and 22.6% respectively. The women who reported violence before pregnancy were 11.6 times more likely to report violence during pregnancy (95%CI: 8.3;16.2). When the women reported violence during pregnancy, the chance of reports in the postpartum period was 8.2 times higher (95%CI: 5.1;11.7). Psychological violence was more prevalent, especially during pregnancy (28.8%; 95%CI: 26.0%;31.7%). Sexual violence was less prevalent, especially after delivery (3.7%; 95%CI: 2.6%;5.0%). Physical violence diminished by almost 50% during pregnancy, in comparison with the preceding period. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience situations of intimate partner violence. The periods of prenatal and childcare consultations are opportunities for healthcare professionals to identify situations of violence.
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Ludermir AB, Lewis G, Valongueiro SA, de Araújo TVB, Araya R. Violence against women by their intimate partner during pregnancy and postnatal depression: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2010; 376:903-10. [PMID: 20822809 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partner violence against women is common during pregnancy and might have an adverse effect on the mental health of women after delivery. We aimed to investigate the association of postnatal depression with psychological, physical, and sexual violence against women by their intimate partners during pregnancy. METHODS In a prospective cohort study undertaken in Recife, northeastern Brazil, between July, 2005, and December, 2006, we enrolled pregnant women (aged 18-49 years) in their third trimester of pregnancy who were attending primary health-care clinics. The women were interviewed during pregnancy and after delivery. The form of partner violence in pregnancy was assessed with a validated questionnaire, and the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to measure postnatal depression. Associations were estimated with odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for confounding factors contributing to the association between postnatal depression and intimate partner violence. FINDINGS 1133 pregnant women were eligible for inclusion in the study, of whom 1045 had complete data for all variables and were included in the analysis. 270 women (25.8%, 95% CI 23.2-28.6) had postnatal depression. The most common form of partner violence was psychological (294 [28.1%, 25.4-31.0]). Frequency of psychological violence during pregnancy was positively associated with occurrence of postnatal depression, and although this association was attenuated after adjustment, women reporting the highest frequency of psychological violence were more likely to have postnatal depression even after adjustment (adjusted OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.15-4.57). Women who reported physical or sexual violence in pregnancy were more likely to develop postnatal depression (OR 3.28, 2.29-4.70), but this association was substantially reduced after adjustment for psychological violence and confounding factors. INTERPRETATION Psychological violence during pregnancy by an intimate partner is strongly associated with postnatal depression, independently of physical or sexual violence. This finding has important policy implications since most social policies focus on prevention and treatment of physical violence. FUNDING Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia da Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, e Insumos Estratégicos, and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernarda Ludermir
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Integrado em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Quelopana AM, Champion JD, Salazar BC. Health behavior in Mexican pregnant women with a history of violence. West J Nurs Res 2008; 30:1005-18. [PMID: 18658115 DOI: 10.1177/0193945908320464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the association between history of violence, attitudes toward pregnancy, and initiation of prenatal care (PNC). Pregnant women receiving their first PNC visit at a public prenatal clinic in Monterrey, Mexico, were enrolled in the study. Structured interviews collected information concerning demographics, reproductive history, current pregnancy, attitudes toward pregnancy, history of violence, and perceived barriers and benefits of PNC. Results showed that 35% of participants reported violence. A current or previous partner was the most common perpetrator. Of women experiencing abuse, 47% reported that abuse was ongoing during the current pregnancy. More women reporting violence were unmarried, did not live with a partner, and reported a lower monthly income. An experience of violence was associated with initiation of PNC, number of pregnancies, perception of barriers, and negative attitudes toward pregnancy. This issue should be emphasized in recognition of the important role that nurses and midwives have regarding violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Quelopana
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Tarapaca, Arica, Chile.
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