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Berber E, Şimşek E, Çanakoğlu N, Sürsal N, Gençay Göksu A. Newly identified Cryptosporidium parvum virus-1 from newborn calf diarrhoea in Turkey. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2571-2580. [PMID: 33207084 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a common enteric parasite that primarily affects those immunocompromised susceptible individuals and newborns. Detailed investigations have revealed that Cryptosporidium (C.) oocysts contain dsRNA segments which are recently classified under the Partitiviridae family. The relationship between parasite and virus whether or not affect the clinical outcomes of newborn calf diarrhoea is not apparent. The aim of this study was the identification and characterization of Cryptosporidium parvum virus-1 (CSpV1) from newborn calves. We also aimed to understand that parasite-virus symbiont relationship role in the severity of disease cases. Parasitic screening was performed with the help of morphological examinations, immunoassay and molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. To further identification of C. parvum oocysts, confocal laser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image analysis were used for the morphological investigations. Software-based in silico comparison and identity analyses were conducted from the CSpV1 genome for the genomic sequence characterizations. Cryptosporidium prevalence was 56.2% in newborn calf diarrhoeal cases. Virus dsRNA segments isolated from purified and clarified oocysts. Sequence results showed that we have successfully isolated CSpV1 from C. parvum oocysts. Virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) was found to be highly variable and showed a species-specific relationship with their carriers. We also identified that CSpV1 frequency was around 8.8% from diarrhoea-showing newborn calves. Cryptosporidium was strongly associated with diarrhoea at early ages of newborns, but the parasite and CSpV1 relationship is not associated with the severity of newborn calf diarrhoea. The current study provides the first report and molecular characterization of CSpV1 in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Berber
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emrah Şimşek
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nurettin Çanakoğlu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Muğla Sitki Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Sürsal
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Gençay Göksu
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Ghafari R, Rafiei A, Tavalla M, Moradi Choghakabodi P, Nashibi R, Rafiei R. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium species isolated from HIV/AIDS patients in southwest of Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 56:39-44. [PMID: 29406282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and species of Cryptosporidium among HIV/AIDS patients in southwest of Iran. Two hundred fifty faecal samples from HIV patients were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts using a conventional coproscopic approach. Such oocysts were detected in 18 (7.2%) out of 250 faecal samples. Genomic DNAs from 250 samples were then subjected to a nested-PCR-RFLP technique targeting different loci of 18S rRNA gene for species identification. Out of 250 samples, 27 (10.8%) were positive for different Cryptosporidium spp; Restriction patterns resulting from the digestion of the nested amplicon with restriction endonucleases VspI and SspI showed that C. parvum (70.38%) was the most prevalent species, followed by C. hominis (25.92%) and C. meleagridis (3.7%), respectively. The mean CD4+ T-cell count was 215 cells/μL. There was a strong association between cryptosporidiosis and CD4+ T-cell count (P = 0.000) with the highest prevalence recorded among patients with CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/μL. This confirms that there is a low opportunity for this parasite to get established as the patients CD4+ T-cell count increases. Also HIV infection increased the risk of having Cryptosporidium. Our epidemiological findings are useful for any preventive intervention to control disease diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghafari
- Department of Parasitology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Rafiei
- Department of Parasitology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tavalla
- Department of Parasitology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Rohangez Nashibi
- Department of infectious Diseases, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Rafiei
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Pereira CRA, Ferreira AP. Ocorrência e fatores de risco da criptosporidiose em felinos de companhia de idosos. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1809-98232012000400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesquisou-se a prevalência de criptosporidiose em gatos domésticos de companhia em idosos de ambos os sexos (acima de 60 anos de idade) proprietários dos mesmos, residentes no município de Teresópolis-RJ, e que compareceram a um posto de vacinação do município no período da vacinação contra gripe de 2009 e 2010. A prevalência de diarreia nos idosos foi 29,4% e nos felinos 24,5%. Identificou-se presença de um ou mais oocistos em 16,7% dos idosos e em 12,7% nos felinos. A análise da razão de prevalência de diarreia evidenciou uma forte associação em idosos (RP = 4,37, IC a 95%: 2,67 - 7,16) e menor força de associação em felinos (RP = 2,16, IC a 95%: 1,06 - 4,39). Pela análise de imunofluorescência confirmada pela PCR, houve semelhante força de associação em idosos (RP = 4,43, IC a 95%: 3,04 - 6,45), mas se observou aumento na força de associação para felinos (RP = 4,67, IC a 95%: 3,9 - 6,81). Os achados obtidos com esta pesquisa são preocupantes, mas importantes para a saúde pública, por demonstrarem a relação zoonótica do Cryptosporidium spp. presente nas amostras fecais dos animais de companhia do grupo populacional de idosos estudados.
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Araújo RS, Dropa M, Fernandes LN, Carvalho TT, Sato MIZ, Soares RM, Matté GR, Matté MH. Genotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium hominis from water samples in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:834-8. [PMID: 22049036 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium has emerged as one of the most important water contaminants, causing waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal diseases worldwide. The small size of oocysts under the microscope and the possibility of changes in characteristics of oocysts, mainly in environmental samples, make the taxonomy of the genus difficult if morphologic characteristics are considered. This limitation encouraged the application of molecular methods to identify this microorganism. The aim of this study was to detect and identify by nested-polymerase chain reaction oocysts of Cryptosporidium present in water samples in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Water samples were concentrated through a membrane filter, DNA was extracted by using a standard technique, and both amplification reactions used forward and reverse oligonucleotides that were complementary to Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Thirty water samples from different sites of collection in the state of São Paulo were evaluated. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 30% of the samples. By genoptyping, C. hominis and Cryptosporidium sp. were identified in recreational water and C. meleagridis was identified in surface water samples. This is the first report of C. hominis in environmental samples in Brazil. Although identification of Cryptosporidium is still a difficult task, molecular methods are essential for specific identification and are a helpful tool to aid to understand the epidemiology of this parasite in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronalda S Araújo
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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David EB, Coradi ST, Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, Ribolla PEM, Katagiri S, Guimarães S. Diagnosis of Giardia infections by PCR-based methods in children of an endemic area. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992011000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- EB David
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
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JIANG WEIBIN, WANG XIAOMING, LI MIN, WANG ZHENGHUAN. Identification of the Tibetan fox (
Vulpes ferrilata
) and the red fox (
Vulpes vulpes
) by copro‐DNA diagnosis. Mol Ecol Resour 2010; 11:206-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- WEIBIN JIANG
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - XIAOMING WANG
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai, China
| | - MIN LI
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - ZHENGHUAN WANG
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, Shanghai, China
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Tang JN, Zeng ZG, Wang HN, Yang T, Zhang PJ, Li YL, Zhang AY, Fan WQ, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhao SJ, Tian GB, Zou LK. An effective method for isolation of DNA from pig faeces and comparison of five different methods. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:432-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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