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Conrado PCV, Sakita KM, Arita GS, Gonçalves RS, Cesar GB, Caetano W, Hioka N, Voidaleski MF, Vicente VA, Svidzinski TIE, Bonfim-Mendonça PS, Kioshima ES. Hypericin-P123-photodynamic therapy in an ex vivo model as an alternative treatment approach for onychomycosis caused by Fusarium spp. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102414. [PMID: 34186264 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundFusarium has been considered an opportunistic pathogen, causing several infections in humans, including onychomycosis. In addition, a high resistance to conventional antifungals has been linked to this genus. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), known as a non-invasive therapy, can be an alternative treatment for fungal infections, based on the excitation of a photosensitizing compound (PS) by a specific length of light, causing damage to the target. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a formulation of Hypericin (Hyp) encapsulated in Pluronic™ (P123), via photodynamic therapy (PDT), on planktonic cells and biofilms in Fusarium spp. using in vitro and ex vivo assays. Materials & Methods epidemiology studies about Fusarium spp. in onychomycosis was perfomed, carried out molecular identification, compared the antifungal activity of the conventional antifungals with PDT with encapsulated Hypericin (Hyp-P123), carried out detection of reactive oxygen species, and measured the antibiofilm effect of the Hyp-P123-PDT in vitro and in an ex vivo model of onychomycosis. Results Hyp-P123-PDT exhibited a fungicidal effect in vitro with reductions ≥ 3 log10. ROS generation increased post-Hyp-P123-PDT in Fusarium spp. Hyp-P123-PDT showed a potent inhibitory effect on adhesion-phase and mature biofilms in vitro tests and an ex vivo model of onychomycosis (p<0.0001). Conclusion Hyp-P123-PDT had a potent effect against Fusarium spp., suggesting that photodynamic therapy with Hyp-P123 is a safe and promising treatment for onychomycosis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyanna C V Conrado
- Department of Analysis Clinics and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Karina M Sakita
- Department of Analysis Clinics and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Glaucia S Arita
- Department of Analysis Clinics and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel B Cesar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Morgana F Voidaleski
- Department of Pathology Basic, State Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Department of Pathology Basic, State Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erika S Kioshima
- Department of Analysis Clinics and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.
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2
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Gharaghani M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Hardani AK, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A. Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans species isolated from hospitalized paediatric patients with urinary tract infection in Iran. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1017-1027. [PMID: 33460500 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to determine the microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) genotypic patterns and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans isolated from patients with candiduria. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA of 50 C. albicans isolates was used for molecular identification based on the ITS1 -5.8s-ITS2 region. MLP assays were performed to amplify three loci (EF3, CDC3 and HIS3), and PCR products were used for fragment analysis. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI M27 4th ed guidelines. In all, 38 different genotypes were detected with the three polymorphic loci among C. albicans isolates, and only one genotype was homozygous. In comparison to other countries, our genotypes were divided into three clusters, two of which were linked to France and a third of which was linked to Austria. The genetic structures of the 50 C. albicans isolates revealed varied heterozygosity and significant Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the EF3 locus. Only one (2%) and four (8%) of isolates showed resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. In C. albicans genotype G25, one (2%) of the isolates showed cross-resistance and non-wild-type resistance to posaconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole. CONCLUSION MLP typing is a useful tool to analyse the genetic structure of C. albicans isolates. High genetic diversity (38 genotypes) was detected in the isolates tested here. Compared to isolates in other countries, the ones from our patients had a clear relationship with French and Austrian isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Iranian isolates of C. albicans have a distinct genotype and show similarities only with French and Austrian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gharaghani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A K Hardani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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3
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Jahanshiri Z, Manifar S, Hatami F, Arastehnazar F, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. Genotyping of Candida albicans isolates from oropharyngeal candidiasis in head and neck cancer patients in Iran: Molecular epidemiology and SAP2 gene expression. J Mycol Med 2019; 29:310-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Franco-Duarte R, Černáková L, Kadam S, Kaushik KS, Salehi B, Bevilacqua A, Corbo MR, Antolak H, Dybka-Stępień K, Leszczewicz M, Relison Tintino S, Alexandrino de Souza VC, Sharifi-Rad J, Coutinho HDM, Martins N, Rodrigues CF. Advances in Chemical and Biological Methods to Identify Microorganisms-From Past to Present. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E130. [PMID: 31086084 PMCID: PMC6560418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast detection and identification of microorganisms is a challenging and significant feature from industry to medicine. Standard approaches are known to be very time-consuming and labor-intensive (e.g., culture media and biochemical tests). Conversely, screening techniques demand a quick and low-cost grouping of bacterial/fungal isolates and current analysis call for broad reports of microorganisms, involving the application of molecular techniques (e.g., 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing based on polymerase chain reaction). The goal of this review is to present the past and the present methods of detection and identification of microorganisms, and to discuss their advantages and their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Franco-Duarte
- CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Snehal Kadam
- Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, India.
| | - Karishma S Kaushik
- Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, India.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 14665-354, Iran.
| | - Antonio Bevilacqua
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Corbo
- Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Hubert Antolak
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dybka-Stępień
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Martyna Leszczewicz
- Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Bionanopark Ltd, Dubois 114/116, 93-465 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Saulo Relison Tintino
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Department of Biological Chemistry/CCBS/URCA, 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
| | | | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LMBM), Department of Biological Chemistry/CCBS/URCA, 63105-000 Crato, Brazil.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE⁻Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Genetic diversity of the Hwp1 gene and HIS3, EF3, CDC3 microsatellites and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans isolates from Yaoundé HIV-infected patients. Med Mycol 2018; 55:546-554. [PMID: 27744307 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular epidemiology and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans are scarce in Cameroon. Authors studied the genetic diversity and the antifungal susceptibility of C. albicans isolates from Yaoundé HIV-infected patients. Clinical isolates were obtained by mycological diagnosis of oropharyngeal swabs, stools, urine, and vaginal swabs from patients. C. albicans isolates were confirmed by the Light cycler real-time PCR of the ITS1 region of the 5.8s ribosomal DNA. The ABC genotypes and the Hwp1 gene amplification were carried out with specific primers. Microsatellite length polymorphism of HIS3, CDC3, and EF3 microsatellites was analysed. The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the CLSI broth microdilution M27-A3 and M27-S4 protocols. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) results were interpreted according to updated clinical breakpoints (CBPs) recommended by the CLSI or epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs). One hundred and thirteen (113) isolates were obtained from the analysis of 1218 samples. The ABC genotyping showed 79 (69.91%) genotype A, 24 (21.23%) genotype B, and 10 (8.84%) genotype C. The Hwp1 gene amplification provided a newly observed genetic polymorphism, named H and 5 genotypes described (H1-H5). The microsatellite analysis generated 65 molecular types. All the isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B (MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml); 79.64% of isolates were wild type to itraconazole (MIC ≤ 0.12 μg/ml); and 86.72% of isolates were susceptible to fluconazole (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml). These results highlight the important genetic diversity of C. albicans isolates among Yaoundé HIV-infected patients and bring clues for the comprehension of the molecular epidemiology of the yeast in Cameroon.
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Candida albicans - Biology, molecular characterization, pathogenicity, and advances in diagnosis and control – An update. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:128-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Santana S, Salci T, Andriato P, Bonfim-Mendonça P, Caparroz-Assef S, Negri M, Svidzinski T. Diagnosis and management of a fatal case of sepsis caused by Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto in a neonate with omphalocele. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 20:10-14. [PMID: 29348997 PMCID: PMC5768148 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a fatal case of persistent neonatal candidemia by Candida parapsilosis following omphalocele, without other anomalies. Despite an encouraging initial prognosis, after surgical correction and closure of the abdominal wall the case became difficult to treat, as in addition to the exposure of the patient to multiple risk factors for candidemia, antifungal therapy apparently was not adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Santana
- Medical Mycology Division, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tania Salci
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patricia Andriato
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patricia Bonfim-Mendonça
- Medical Mycology Division, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvana Caparroz-Assef
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Medical Mycology Division, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Svidzinski
- Medical Mycology Division, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Sakita KM, Faria DR, Silva EMD, Tobaldini-Valério FK, Kioshima ES, Svidzinski TIE, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS. Healthcare workers' hands as a vehicle for the transmission of virulent strains of Candida spp.: A virulence factor approach. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:225-232. [PMID: 29074432 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the majority of Candida infections are thought to come from endogenous sources, the healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands are being increasingly reported as vehicles for the transmission of pathogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of yeast isolated from the HCWs' hands and ICU (Intensive Care Unit) surfaces to antifungal agents and to determine the virulence potential and the genetic similarity between the same. METHODS The susceptibility of yeasts from the HCWs' hands (n = 57) and ICU surfaces (n = 98) to conventional antifungals (fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and micafungin) was evaluated using the broth microdilution assay accordance with CLSI M27-A3. Additionally, some virulence factors such as adhesion and biofilm capacity on abiotic surfaces and on endothelial cells were evaluated, as well as germ tube formation. The similarity among yeast isolates were evaluated by the RAPD technique using the P4, OPA18 and OPE18 primers. RESULTS Five species of Candida were found on the HCWs' hands (C. albicans, C. parapsilosis (sensu stricto), C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei) and two on ICU surfaces (C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (sensu stricto)). The isolates from hands had higher resistance rates, with C. glabrata having the highest indices (100% FLU; 100% MFG). The similarity of C. albicans from HCWs and ICU surfaces was ≥80% according to the three primers analyzed. Candida spp. from hands had a greater potential for adhesion and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces (p < 0.05). C. albicans from ICU surfaces had the greatest potential of adhesion on endothelial cells after 2 and 24 h, and presented high filamentation in SEM images and formed more and larger germ tubes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION the present study showed the significant virulence potential of yeasts transmitted in the hospital environment for the first time. Additionally, healthy people working in the ICU can carry these yeasts, which are capable of surviving in hospital surfaces, on their hands, offering a risk to patients, especially those who are immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Mayumi Sakita
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniella Renata Faria
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eliane Martins da Silva
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flávia Kelly Tobaldini-Valério
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika Seki Kioshima
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patricia de Souza Bonfim-Mendonça
- Division of Medical Mycology, Teaching and Research Laboratory in Clinical Analyses, Department of Clinical Analysis of State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Zanni PCMD, Bonfim-Mendonça PDS, Negri M, Nakamura SS, Donatti L, Svidzinski TIE, Consolaro MEL. Virulence factors and genetic variability of vaginal Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected women in the post-highly active antiretroviral era. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e44. [PMID: 28793015 PMCID: PMC5626220 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in HIV-infected (HIV+) women is a serious public
health problem. However, little is known about the virulence mechanisms of vaginal
Candida albicans from HIV+ women in the post-highly active
antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the
expression of key virulence factors and genetic variability of 26 vaginal C.
albicans strains isolated from HIV+ women undergoing HAART and 18 from
HIV-uninfected (HIV-) women. In general, we observed that C.
albicans from HIV+ women receiving HAART showed lower expression of
virulence factors compared with C. albicans from HIV- women, except
for the proteinase activity which is highly expressed. The results in HIV-women
further suggest that virulence factors appear to be expressed in response to the
yeast stress, in the presence of an adequate immune response. Furthermore, the RAPD
results showed a high heterogeneity among isolates from both groups of women. These
findings in HIV+ women using HAART will help to improve the monitoring of vaginal
yeast infections and the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela Cristina Mastellaro Delvas Zanni
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.,Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Souza Bonfim-Mendonça
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Melyssa Negri
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra Sayuri Nakamura
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Micologia Médica, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Donatti
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Laboratório de Citologia Clínica, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Liu X, Deng S, Huang J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yan Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Sun C, Jia X. Dissemination of macrolides, fusidic acid and mupirocin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58086-58097. [PMID: 28938539 PMCID: PMC5601635 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an increasingly common cause of skin infections worldwide, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) across China has not been well documented. This literature aims to study the resistance profile to commonly used antibiotics, including macrolides, fusidic acid (FA) and mupirocin, and its relationship to the genetic typing in 34 S. aureus strains, including 6 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), isolated from a Chinese hospital. The MIC results showed 27 (79.4%), 1 (2.9%) and 6 (17.6%) isolates were resistant to macrolides, FA and mupirocin, respectively. Among 27 macrolide-resistant S. aureus isolates, 5 (18.5%) were also resistant to mupirocin and 1 (3.7%) to FA. A total of 13 available resistant genes were analyzed in 28 antibiotic-resistant strains using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The positive rates of macrolide-resistant ermA, ermB, ermC, erm33 and low level mupirocin-resistant ileS mutations were 11.1%, 25.9%, 51.9%, 7.4% and 100%, respectively. Other determinants for FA- and high level mupirocin-resistance were not found. The results of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed 13 sequence types (STs) and 18 clusters in 23 resistant gene positive S. aureus isolates. Among these STs, ST5 was most prevalent, accounting for 18.2%. Notably, various clusters were found with similar resistance phenotype and genotype, exhibiting a weak genetic relatedness and high genetic heterogeneities. In conclusion, macrolides, especially erythromycin, are not appropriate to treat skin infections caused by S. aureus, and more effective measures are required to reduce the dissemination of macrolides, FA and mupirocin resistance of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Liu
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jinwei Huang
- Institute of Antibiotics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yanyue Li
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Chengfu Sun
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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Małek M, Paluchowska P, Bogusz B, Budak A. Molecular characterization of Candida isolates from intensive care unit patients, Krakow, Poland. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 34:10-16. [PMID: 27864011 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, Candida species have emerged as important pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Nosocomial infections are mainly of endogenous origin. Nevertheless, some cases of exogenous candidiasis have also been reported. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness between Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida kefyr isolates recovered from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS A total of 132 Candida clinical isolates (62 C. albicans, 40 C. glabrata, 13 C. tropicalis, 11 C. krusei, 6 C. kefyr), obtained from specimens of endotracheal aspirate, urine and blood taken from patients of a tertiary hospital in Poland, were included in the study. Species identification was performed by PCR method and genetic relatedness was assessed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay (RAPD) with five primers. RESULTS The RAPD analysis revealed high genetic diversity among the studied Candida isolates, indicating that most of the strains were from endogenous sources. Only two clonal strains of C. glabrata isolated from different patients were observed, suggesting a possible cross-transmission of these pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the high discriminatory power of the RAPD assay. This genotyping method can be applied to local epidemiological studies of Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Małek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Paluchowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bożena Bogusz
- Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Budak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Souza MN, Ortiz SO, Mello MM, Oliveira FDM, Severo LC, Goebel CS. COMPARISON BETWEEN FOUR USUAL METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF Candida SPECIES. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2016; 57:281-7. [PMID: 26422150 PMCID: PMC4616911 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652015000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Candidaspp. is associated with high mortality rates, especially when treatment is not appropriate and/or not immediate. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify the genus and species of Candida. The aim of this study was to compare the identification of 89 samples of Candida spp. by the manual methods germ tube test, auxanogram and chromogenic medium in relation to the ID 32C automated method. The concordances between the methods in ascending order, measured by the Kappa index were: ID 32C with CHROMagar Candida(κ = 0.38), ID 32C with auxanogram (κ = 0.59) and ID 32C with germ tube (κ = 0.9). One of the species identified in this study was C. tropicalis,which demonstrated a sensitivity of 46.2%, a specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 80%, NPV of 81.1%, and an accuracy of 80.9% in tests performed with CHROMagar Candida;and a sensitivity of 76.9%, a specificity of 96.8%, PPV of 90.9%, NPV of 91%, and an accuracy of 91% in the auxanogram tests. Therefore, it is necessary to know the advantages and limitations of methods to choose the best combination between them for a fast and correct identification of Candidaspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Severo
- Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BR
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Ida Y, Ohnishi H, Araki K, Saito R, Kawai S, Watanabe T. Efficient management and maintenance of ultrasonic nebulizers to prevent microbial contamination. World J Methodol 2016; 6:126-132. [PMID: 27019804 PMCID: PMC4804248 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To seek the cause of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) infection outbreak and evaluate the efficacy of new methods for nebulizer maintenance.
METHODS: We investigated the annual number of Bcc isolates recovered from clinical samples in our hospital between 1999 and 2013. Swab samples were randomly collected for bacterial culture before patient use from 10 each of the two machine types in August 2001; these included 20 samples from each of the following: Drain tubes, operating water chambers, oscillators, and nebulizing chambers. In addition, 10 samples each of nebulizer solutions before and after use were cultured. For environmental investigation, 10 samples were collected from sinks in the nurse stations of the wards where patients positive for Bcc were hospitalized. Numbers of Bcc isolates were compared before and after introduction of new methods for nebulizer maintenance in October 2001. In addition, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was applied to find the genetic divergence of the Bcc isolates obtained from clinical samples and nebulizers.
RESULTS: From January 1999 to December 2013, a total of 487 Bcc isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from 181 patients. Notably, 322 (66.1%) Bcc isolates were obtained from clinical specimens from 1999 to 2001, including 244 (115 patients) from sputum and 34 (11 patients) from blood. During this period, 14 isolates were obtained from nebulizer components. Among these, six were derived from nebulizer drain tubes, five from operating water chambers, and one from the oscillator before patient use, and two from nebulizer solutions after patient use. When Bcc was isolated from the nebulizer solution after patient use, Bcc was simultaneously detected in other parts of the nebulizer. Bcc was not isolated from any nebulizer solution before use. RAPD assays revealed similar DNA profiles in isolates obtained from patients and nebulizers. Investigation revealed damaged diaphragms in many nebulizers. The new maintenance methods for nebulizers, including restriction of the usage period, thorough disinfection, and routine check for diaphragm breakage, remarkably reduced Bcc isolation (165 isolates from patients in 12 years and 0 isolate from nebulizers in periodical sampling). In particular, Bcc has been isolated from blood from only one patient since the new methods were introduced.
CONCLUSION: Appropriate maintenance of ultrasonic nebulizers is crucial for preventing Bcc contamination of nebulizers and subsequent respiratory tract and blood infections.
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Paluchowska P, Tokarczyk M, Bogusz B, Skiba I, Budak A. Molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata strains isolated from intensive care unit patients in Poland. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 109:436-41. [PMID: 25075783 PMCID: PMC4155844 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, Candida spp have been responsible for an increasing number of infections, especially in patients requiring intensive care. Knowledge of local epidemiology and analysis of the spread of these pathogens is important in understanding and controlling their transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 31 Candida albicans and 17 Candida glabrata isolates recovered from intensive care unit patients from the tertiary hospital in Krakow between 2011-2012. The strains were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction using five primers (CD16AS, HP1247, ERIC-2, OPE-3 and OPE-18). The results of the present investigation revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among the isolates. No clonal relationship was found among the C. albicans strains, whereas two C. glabrata isolates were identical. The source of Candida infection appeared to be mostly endogenous; however, the presence of two clonal C. glabrata strains suggested the possibility of cross-transmission of these pathogens. Our study confirmed the high discriminatory power of the RAPD technique in the molecular typing of Candida clinical isolates. This method may be applied to the evaluation of transmission routes of pathogenic fungi on a local level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Paluchowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marianna Tokarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bozena Bogusz
- Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Rydygier?s Specialized Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Skiba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Budak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Afsarian MH, Badali H, Boekhout T, Shokohi T, Katiraee F. Multilocus sequence typing of Candida albicans isolates from a burn intensive care unit in Iran. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:248-253. [PMID: 25596113 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn intensive care unit (BICU) patients are specifically exposed to deep-seated nosocomial infections due to Candida albicans. Superficial carriage of C. albicans is a potential source of infection and dissemination, and typing methods could be useful to trace the different isolates. Multilocus sequence typing is a powerful genotyping method for pathogenic micro-organisms, including Candida albicans. Thirty clinical isolates of C. albicans obtained from 22 patients that were admitted to the BICU from a burn hospital at Sari, Mazandaran state, Iran, were studied epidemiologically by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seventy-five variable nucleotide sites were found. Sixty-two alleles were identified among the seven loci of the C. albicans isolates and one new allele was obtained. Eighteen diploid sequence types (DSTs) were identified, and among those 10 were new. These isolates belonged to nine clonal clusters (CCs) while two isolates occurred as singletons. Eleven (36.7 %) isolates belonged to CC 124 after eBURST analysis and 13 isolates (43.3 %) were assigned to clade 4. Approximately 17 % of the 30 isolates belonged to clade 1 (CC 69 and CC 766). Isolates from several patients with burns were found to be related genetically. Some patients yielded multiple isolates with identical DSTs, suggesting colonization or infection caused by cross-contamination between patients. Isolates that show identical or similar allelic profiles are presumed to be identical or closely related and may be used to evaluate the genetic relationships between isolates from a specific environment such as the BICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Afsarian
- Department of Microbiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Teun Boekhout
- CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzad Katiraee
- Department of Pathobiology, Division of Mycology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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