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Gharaghani M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Hardani AK, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A. Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans species isolated from hospitalized paediatric patients with urinary tract infection in Iran. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1017-1027. [PMID: 33460500 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to determine the microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) genotypic patterns and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida albicans isolated from patients with candiduria. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA of 50 C. albicans isolates was used for molecular identification based on the ITS1 -5.8s-ITS2 region. MLP assays were performed to amplify three loci (EF3, CDC3 and HIS3), and PCR products were used for fragment analysis. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI M27 4th ed guidelines. In all, 38 different genotypes were detected with the three polymorphic loci among C. albicans isolates, and only one genotype was homozygous. In comparison to other countries, our genotypes were divided into three clusters, two of which were linked to France and a third of which was linked to Austria. The genetic structures of the 50 C. albicans isolates revealed varied heterozygosity and significant Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at the EF3 locus. Only one (2%) and four (8%) of isolates showed resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. In C. albicans genotype G25, one (2%) of the isolates showed cross-resistance and non-wild-type resistance to posaconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole. CONCLUSION MLP typing is a useful tool to analyse the genetic structure of C. albicans isolates. High genetic diversity (38 genotypes) was detected in the isolates tested here. Compared to isolates in other countries, the ones from our patients had a clear relationship with French and Austrian isolates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Iranian isolates of C. albicans have a distinct genotype and show similarities only with French and Austrian isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gharaghani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A K Hardani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Mirhendi H, Nishiyama Y, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Satoh K, Makimura K. Erratum for Mirhendi et al., the first case of onychomycosis in a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) due to atypical isolates of Microsporum gypseum, a diagnostic challenge. Curr Med Mycol 2018; 4:35. [PMID: 30186993 PMCID: PMC6101153 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.4.1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Nishiyama
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - K Satoh
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Makimura
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Najafzadeh MJ, Vicente VA, Feng P, Naseri A, Sun J, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, de Hoog GS. Correction to: Rapid Identification of Seven Waterborne Exophiala Species by RCA DNA Padlock Probes. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:737. [PMID: 29761325 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The Editorial Office of Mycopathologia reports that several paragraphs of Najafzadeh et al. were transcribed with only minor edits from previously published material by Najafzadeh M.J.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - V A Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Peiying Feng
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A Naseri
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - G S de Hoog
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. .,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Dolatabadi S, Ahmadi B, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Zarrinfar H, Skiada A, Mirhendi H, Nashibi R, Niknejad F, Nazeri M, Rafiei A, Gharaghani M, Erami M, Taghipour S, Piri F, Makimura K. Mucormycosis in Iran: A six-year retrospective experience. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:269-273. [PMID: 29545123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a devastating infection caused by Mucoralean fungi (Mucormycotina, Mucorales). Data concerning the global epidemiology of mucormycosis are scarce and little is known about the characteristics of mucormycosis in Iran. In this study, we aimed to understand the distribution of this infection in Iran retrospectively and to ascertain whether the patterns of infection are associated with specific host factors or not. A total of 208 cases were included in this study occurring during 2008-2014 and were validated according to (EORTC/MSG) criteria. A rising trend as significant increase from 9.7% in 2008 to 23.7% in 2014 was observed. The majority of patients were female (51.4%) with median age of 50 and the infections were seen mostly in autumn season (39.4%). Diabetes mellitus (75.4%) was the most common underlying condition and sinus involvement (86%) was the mostly affected site of infection. Amphotericin B (AmB) was the drug of choice for the majority of cases. Sixty four isolates did not show any growth in the lab and only 21 cases were evaluated by ITS sequencing, among them; Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus was the dominant species. Considering the high mortality rate of mucormycosis, early and accurate diagnosis, with the aid of molecular methods may provide accurate treatments and improve the survival rate. Therefore, increased monitoring and awareness of this life-threatening disease is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dolatabadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Sabzevar University of New Technology, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - B Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - H Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Skiada
- Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Nashibi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Infectious Diseases Department, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F Niknejad
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - M Nazeri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - A Rafiei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Gharaghani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - M Erami
- Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - S Taghipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - F Piri
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - K Makimura
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kooshki P, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Mahmoudabadi AZ. The patterns of colonization and antifungal susceptibility of Candida, isolated from preterm neonates in Khorramabad, South West of Iran. J Mycol Med 2018. [PMID: 29530715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Usually, 7-20% of preterm neonates colonized by Candida species present invasive candidiasis. Candida albicans, and several non-albicans species cause invasive infection with C. albicans being the most dominant agent. In the last two decades, infection due to non-albicans have been increased dramatically due to their low sensitivity to antifungal drugs such as fluconazole. The aim of present study was to evaluate Candida colonization pattern and antifungal susceptibility among preterm neonates from Khorramabad, South west of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected from 80 preterm neonates, cultured on CHROMagar Candida and incubated at 37°C. All recovered isolates were primarily screened based on classical methods and identified by PCR-RFLP targeting the ITS-rDNA regions. Antifungal susceptibility testing of all isolates was performed according to the CLSI method against amphotericin B, caspofungin, itraconazole, fluconazole and voriconazole. RESULTS Totally 23 isolates of Candida species were recovered from 20 patients (female: male, 50:50) including, C. albicans (18), C. parapsilosis (2) and C. glabrata (1). Furthermore, the blood cultures from two patients were yielded C. albicans and C. parapsilosis so that patient with C. albicans died after five days. Generally, in this study, 9 (39.1%) isolates were resistant to amphotericin B including; 7 (30.4%) C. albicans and 2 (8.7%) C. parapsilosis. In addition, 2 (8.7%) and 4 (17.4%) isolates were also resistant to itraconazole and caspofungin, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Candida colonization among preterm neonates is still an important issue in hospitals. In addition, in spite of a significant amphotericin B resistant Candida, voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole are valuable antifungals, due to fully sensitivity to Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kooshki
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Z Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Fatahinia M, Halvaeezadeh M, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A. Comparison of enzymatic activities in different Candida species isolated from women with vulvovaginitis. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:188-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zargaran M, Taghipour S, Kiasat N, Aboualigalehdari E, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A, Shamsizadeh F. Luliconazole, an alternative antifungal agent against Aspergillus terreus. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:351-356. [PMID: 28483449 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus is the fourth leading cause of invasive and non-invasive aspergillosis and one of the causative agents of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised and high-risk patients. A. terreus appears to have increased as a cause of opportunistic fungal infections from superficial to serious invasive infections. Although, invasive aspergillosis is often treated empirically with amphotericin B, most A. terreus isolates are resistant both in vivo and in vitro to some antifungal drugs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate antifungals susceptibility profiles of the different strains of A. terreus against amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and luliconazole. Forty A. terreus strains originating from environmental sources (air and soil) were identified using by macroscopic and microscopic features. Six antifungals including, amphotericin B, caspofungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and luliconazole were applied for susceptibility tests. Our results show that tested isolates had different susceptibility to antifungals. The lowest MICGM related to luliconazole (0.00236μg/ml), followed by posaconazole (0.18621μg/ml), voriconazole (0.22925μg/ml), caspofungin (0.86μg/ml), fluconazole (8μg/ml) and amphotericin B (11.12μg/ml). This study demonstrated that luliconazole had an excellent in vitro activity against all tested isolates of A. terreus, with MICGM 0.00236μg/mL than other tested antifungals. As a result, luliconazole could be a possible alternative antifungal for the treatment of aspergillosis due to A. terreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zargaran
- Infectious and tropical diseases research center, health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Taghipour
- Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - N Kiasat
- Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - E Aboualigalehdari
- Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and tropical diseases research center, health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Zarei Mahmoudabadi
- Infectious and tropical diseases research center, health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - F Shamsizadeh
- Department of medical mycology, school of medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abstract
Background and Purpose: The epidemiological features of dermatophytoses have been characterized in many geographical locations of Iran, but not in Guilan, North of Iran. This study was carried out to determine the distribution pattern of dermatophytoses and their relevant agents in Guilan, North of Iran, over a period of one year, from April 2010 to April 2011. Materials and Methods: The clinical samples of skin, hair, and nail from 889 outpatients (317 men vs. 572 women) were used for direct microscopy and culture. All the culture-positive samples were then subjected to amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear rDNA followed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay to verify the causative agents. Results: The infection was confirmed in 90 (44.3%) males and 113 (55.7%) females. The most common type of dermatophytoses was tinea cruris (42.9%), followed by tinea pedis (20.2%), tinea corporis (11.3%), tinea unguium (7.4%), tinea faciei (6.9%), tinea manuum (6.4%), and tinea capitis (4.9%). ITS-RFLP based of the identification of isolates, showed that the infections were significantly associated with anthropophilic species, of Trichophyton rubrum (41.9%), Epidermophyton floccosum (19.7%), T. tonsurans (5.4%), and T.violaceum (2%). Other causative agents were T. interdigitale (22.6%), Microsporum canis (4.9%), T. verrucosum (2.5%), and M. gypseum (1%). Conclusion: The higher prevalence of T. rubrum, as the agent of dermatophytoses, than other species has never been reported from Iran and is of public health concern because of the chronic nature of infections with anthropophilic species. To thoroughly investigate the epidemiological trend of dermatophytoses in Iran, further periodical and molecular-based studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fallahi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Rezaei
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mirhendi H, Nishiyama Y, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Satoh K, Makimura K. The first case of onychomycosis in a koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus) due to atypical isolates of Microsporum gypseum, a diagnostic challenge. Curr Med Mycol 2016; 2:45-50. [PMID: 28681020 PMCID: PMC5490305 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.cmm.2.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Superficial mycotic infections have been only poorly described in koalas and there are no reliable mycologically confirmed data regarding clinical isolation of dermatophytes in this animal. We report an 11-year-old female koala, kept in a zoo in Tokyo, Japan, and presenting with hyperkeratotic lesions and scaly plaques on forepaw claws and pads reminiscent of fungal infection. Case Report: Direct microscopy of the scrapings was indicative of a dermatophyte infection. By culture and subsequent repeated subculturing of clinical specimens on Sabouraud dextrose agar, Mycobiotic agar, and potato dextrose agar, two distinct strains with different colony morphotypes (designed as types I and II) were identified. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the strains were suggestive of three different species, i.e. Microsporum canis, M. gypseum, and M. fulvum. However, partial sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, translation elongation factor-1α (Tef-1α), and beta-tubulin (BT2) genes confirmed the identity of both isolates as M. gypseum. The animal was treated with a continuous terbinafine regimen (250 mg/kg) once daily for 12 weeks. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first confirmed case of dermatophytosis in a koala. The genetics underlying a variety of phenotypic traits in most classical dermatophyte species are unknown, and further studies are needed to understand this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Y Nishiyama
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - K Satoh
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Makimura
- General Medical Education and Research Center, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nouripour-Sisakht S, Mirhendi H, Shidfar MR, Ahmadi B, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Geramishoar M, Zarei F, Jalalizand N. Aspergillus species as emerging causative agents of onychomycosis. J Mycol Med 2015; 25:101-7. [PMID: 25656408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychomycosis is a common nail infection caused by dermatophytes, non-dermatophyte molds (NDM), and yeasts. Aspergillus species are emerging as increasing causes of toenail onychomycosis. The purpose of this study was species delineation of Aspergillus spp. isolated from patients with onychomycosis. METHODS During a period of one year (2012-2013), nail samples were collected from patients clinically suspected of onychomycosis and subjected to microscopic examination and culture. Species identification was performed based on macro- and micro-morphology of colonies. For precise species identification, PCR-amplification and sequencing of the beta-tubulin gene followed by BLAST queries were performed where required. RESULTS A total of 463/2,292 (20.2%) tested nails were diagnosed with onychomycosis. Among the positive specimens, 154 cases (33.2%) were identified as saprophytic NDM onychomycosis, 135 (29.2%) of which were attributable to Aspergillus. Aspergillus species isolated from the infected nails included Aspergillus flavus (77.3%, n=119), Aspergillus niger (n=4), Aspergillus tubingensis (n=4), Aspergillus terreus (n=3), Aspergillus sydowii (n=2), Aspergillus spp. (n=2), and Aspergillus candidus (n=1). Among the patients diagnosed with onychomycosis due to Aspergillus (average patient age, 47.4 years), 40 had fingernail and 95 toenail involvement. The large toenails were most commonly affected. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a markedly high occurrence of A. flavus, and this fungus appears to be an emerging cause of saprophytic onychomycosis in Iran. The study moreover highlights the necessity of differentiating between dermatophytic and non-dermatophytic nail infections for informed decisions on appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nouripour-Sisakht
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M R Shidfar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Geramishoar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Jalalizand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Makimura K, Shidfar MR, Zaini F, Eshraghian MR, Jalalizand N, Nouripour-Sisakht S, Hosseinpour L, Mirhendi H. Use of Single-enzyme PCR-restriction Digestion Barcode Targeting the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS rDNA) to Identify Dermatophyte Species. Iran J Public Health 2012; 41:82-94. [PMID: 23113152 PMCID: PMC3481703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophytes are the most common causative agents of superficial mycoses. Species identification of these fungi is important from therapeutic and epidemiological point of wive. Traditional approaches for identification of dermatophytes at the species level, relying on macroscopic and microscopic features of the colonies, usually are time-consuming and unreliable in many circumstances. Recently a broad varieties of rapid and accurate DNA-based techniques were successfuly utilized for species delineation of dermatophytes. METHODS The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA from various reference strains of dermatophyte species were amplified using the universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4.The PCR products were digested by a single restriction enzyme, MvaI. The enzyme was evaluated in both in silico and practical PCR-RFLP assay to find the exact differentiating restriction profiles for each species. To validate the standardized PCR-RFLP system, all tested strains were subjected to sequencing and sequence analysis. RESULTS The obtained RFLP patterns were specific for many species including T. interdigitale, T. rubrum, T. violaceum, M. persicolor, M. audouinii, M. nanum (A. obtusum) and E. floccosum but were similar for some closely related species such as M. canis / M. ferrugineum. Sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment from all type strains affirmed the RFLP findings. CONCLUSION It was practically revealed that the ITS-PCR followed by MvaI-RFLP is a useful and reliable schema for identification and differentiation of several pathogenic species and can be used for rapid screening of even closely related species of dermatophytes in clinical and epidemiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Makimura
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - MR Shidfar
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Zaini
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MR Eshraghian
- Dept. of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Jalalizand
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Nouripour-Sisakht
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Hosseinpour
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98 21 88951583, E-mail address:
| | - H Mirhendi
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology & Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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