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Hashemzadeh M, Dezfuli A, Nashibi R, Jahangirimehr F, Akbarian Z. Study of biofilm formation, structure and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains causing urinary tract infection in women in Ahvaz, Iran. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 39:100831. [PMID: 33489239 PMCID: PMC7807165 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequent community-acquired causative agent of acute urinary tract infection (UTI). Some strains of S. saprophyticus can create biofilms, increasing their virulence. Once biofilms have been produced, antibiotic resistance is exacerbated. Hence, the aims of the present study were the study of biofilm formation, structure and antibiotic resistance in S. saprophyticus strains causing UTIs in women in Ahvaz, Iran. Overall, 43 S. saprophyticus isolates were recovered from UTIs. Antibiotic resistance pattern and the biofilm production and structure were determined using phenotypic methods. Most S. saprophyticus isolates were resistant to erythromycin, but all isolates were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin. Fifty-eight per cent of S. saprophyticus were multidrug resistant. Twenty-one per cent of S. saprophyticus isolates harbored the mecA gene. Biofilm formation was observed in 65% of S. saprophyticus isolates and most had polysaccharide matrix. Our data indicate high rates of antibiotic resistance and the capability of biofilm formation among S. saprophyticus isolates. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in the management of UTIs is a serious public health issue. The findings of this study could be used to improve treatment plans to control UTIs. Consequently, increased awareness of the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and the development of drug resistance will allow UTIs to be more efficiently controlled and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hashemzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A.A.Z. Dezfuli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - R. Nashibi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine Ward, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F. Jahangirimehr
- Pain Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Z.A. Akbarian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dolatabadi S, Ahmadi B, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Zarrinfar H, Skiada A, Mirhendi H, Nashibi R, Niknejad F, Nazeri M, Rafiei A, Gharaghani M, Erami M, Taghipour S, Piri F, Makimura K. Mucormycosis in Iran: A six-year retrospective experience. J Mycol Med 2018; 28:269-273. [PMID: 29545123 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a devastating infection caused by Mucoralean fungi (Mucormycotina, Mucorales). Data concerning the global epidemiology of mucormycosis are scarce and little is known about the characteristics of mucormycosis in Iran. In this study, we aimed to understand the distribution of this infection in Iran retrospectively and to ascertain whether the patterns of infection are associated with specific host factors or not. A total of 208 cases were included in this study occurring during 2008-2014 and were validated according to (EORTC/MSG) criteria. A rising trend as significant increase from 9.7% in 2008 to 23.7% in 2014 was observed. The majority of patients were female (51.4%) with median age of 50 and the infections were seen mostly in autumn season (39.4%). Diabetes mellitus (75.4%) was the most common underlying condition and sinus involvement (86%) was the mostly affected site of infection. Amphotericin B (AmB) was the drug of choice for the majority of cases. Sixty four isolates did not show any growth in the lab and only 21 cases were evaluated by ITS sequencing, among them; Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus was the dominant species. Considering the high mortality rate of mucormycosis, early and accurate diagnosis, with the aid of molecular methods may provide accurate treatments and improve the survival rate. Therefore, increased monitoring and awareness of this life-threatening disease is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dolatabadi
- Faculty of Engineering, Sabzevar University of New Technology, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - B Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - A Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - H Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Skiada
- Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - H Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - R Nashibi
- Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Infectious Diseases Department, Razi Teaching Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F Niknejad
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - M Nazeri
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - A Rafiei
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Gharaghani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - M Erami
- Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - S Taghipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - F Piri
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - K Makimura
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Care and Technology, Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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