1
|
Frade PC, Raiol NC, da Costa LM, Pinheiro LM, Silva-Oliveira GC, Pinho JR, Lemos JA, Martins LC, Oliveira-Filho AB. Prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis B virus: a cross-sectional study conducted with female sex workers in the Marajó Archipelago, Brazil. Int J STD AIDS 2019; 30:902-910. [PMID: 31226914 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419849252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In South America, the Amazon basin is considered an endemic area of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, epidemiological studies with vulnerable groups are scarce. Female sex workers (FSWs) are highly vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections due to a combination of their sexual behavior and socio-economic conditions. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of HBV infections and HBV–hepatitis C virus, HBV–hepatitis D virus, HBV–HIV, and HBV–human T-lymphotropic virus co-infections among FSWs in the Marajó Archipelago, northern Brazil, as well as identifying the HBV genotypes circulating in this population. A total of 153 FSWs in 5 towns and 18 riverside communities were included in the study. The HBV infection and co-infections were diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The HBV genotypes were detected by sequencing and were then analyzed phylogenetically. Most of the FSWs surveyed were single, young, heterosexual, and born locally, with low levels of education. Overall, 21 (13.7%) had been exposed to HBV, and HBV-DNA was detected in 13 (8.5%). Genotypes A (69.2%), D (23.1%), and F (7.7%) were detected. Seven cases of co-infections with other viruses were detected. These findings indicate a clear need for urgent measures to control the spread of HBV and other pathogens, and to promote the health of the local FSWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Cr Frade
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil.,2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil.,3 Núcleo de Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nairis C Raiol
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - Luana M da Costa
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil.,2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil.,3 Núcleo de Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ml Pinheiro
- 4 Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Campus do Marajó - Soure, Universidade Federal do Pará, Soure, Brazil
| | - Gláucia C Silva-Oliveira
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil
| | - João Rr Pinho
- 5 Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ar Lemos
- 6 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luísa C Martins
- 2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil.,3 Núcleo de Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Aldemir B Oliveira-Filho
- 1 Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Populações Vulneráveis, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Bragança, Brazil.,2 Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Hospital Santo Antonio Maria Zaccaria, Bragança, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guerra AB, Siravenha LQ, Laurentino RV, Feitosa RNM, Azevedo VN, Vallinoto ACR, Ishak R, Machado LFA. Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV, CMV, HBV and rubella virus infections in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Northern Brazil. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:169. [PMID: 29769062 PMCID: PMC5956583 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal tests are important for prevention of vertical transmission of various infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus and vaccination coverage against HBV in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed with 324 pregnant adolescents from 2009 to 2010. After the interview and blood collection, the patients were screened for antibodies and/or antigens against HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2, CMV, rubella virus and HBV. The epidemiological variables were demonstrated using descriptive statistics with the G, χ2 and Fisher exact tests. Results The mean age of the participants was 15.8 years, and the majority (65.4%) had less than 6 years of education. The mean age at first intercourse was 14.4 years, and 60.8% reported having a partner aged between 12 and 14 years. The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.3%, and of HTLV infection was 0.6%. Regarding HBV, 0.6% of the participants had acute infection, 9.9% had a previous infection, 16.7% had vaccine immunity and 72.8% were susceptible to infection. The presence of anti-HBs was greater in adolescent between 12 and 14 years old (28.8%) while the anti-HBc was greater in adolescent between 15 and 18 years old (10.3%). Most of the adolescents presented the IgG antibody to CMV (96.3%) and rubella (92.3%). None of the participants had acute rubella infection, and 2.2% had anti-CMV IgM. Conclusions This study is the first report of the seroepidemiology of infectious agents in a population of pregnant adolescents in the Northern region of Brazil. Most of the adolescents had low levels of education, were susceptible to HBV infection and had IgG antibodies to CMV and rubella virus. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HTLV was similar to that reported in other regions of Brazil. However, the presence of these agents in this younger population reinforces the need for good prenatal follow-up and more comprehensive vaccination campaigns against HBV due to the large number of women susceptible to the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubaneide Batista Guerra
- Reference Unit Specialized in Maternal-Child and Adolescent Care, Belém, Pará, Brazil.,Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil.,Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Quintão Siravenha
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil.,Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rogério Valois Laurentino
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil.,Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Rosimar Neris Martins Feitosa
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil
| | - Vânia Nakauth Azevedo
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil.,Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ishak
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil.,Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Augusto Correa 1, Guamá, 66, Belém, Pará, 075-110, Brazil. .,Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marcon CEM, Schneider IJC, Traebert J. Temporal trends in the detection rates of hepatitis B in the Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:151-5. [PMID: 24626418 PMCID: PMC4085856 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem. The state of Santa
Catarina presents areas of high endemicity. The aim of this study was to describe
temporal trends in detection rates of hepatitis B in the period from 2002 to 2009 in
Santa Catarina and in its regions. A time series study was carried out. Crude rates
were calculated and standardized by age using the direct method. Annual variation
percentages were estimated by Joinpoint regression. There were two distinct and
significant trends in Santa Catarina. From 2002 to 2006 a significant increase of
5.9% per year was observed. From 2006, there was a significant decrease of 6.4% per
year. In this same period the southern and far-western regions had significant
increases of 15.9% and 4.6% and significant decreases of 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively.
Greater Florianópolis and Northeast also showed significant increases until 2006, of
15.4% and 17.4%, respectively. In the following period, non-significant decreases of
5.8% and 9.8% respectively were observed. Foz do Rio Itajaí and Planalto Serrano
showed non-significant increases up to half of the studied period of 21.1% and 12.0%,
respectively and after, significant decreases of 21.5% and 18.0%, respectively. Vale
do Itajaí showed a significant decrease of 9.7%; Planalto Norte showed a
non-significant decrease of 0.6% and Midwest a non-significant increase of 2.7% per
year, in the period from 2002 to 2009.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiana Esmeraldino Mendes Marcon
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, TubarãoSC, Brazil, Master of Science Program in Health Sciences. Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão/SC, Brazil
| | - Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
- School of Medicine, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, PalhoçasSC, Brazil, School of Medicine. Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça/SC, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Traebert
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, TubarãoSC, Brazil, Master of Science Program in Health Sciences and School of Medicine. Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Tubarão/SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|