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Silva DTD, Alves ML, Spada JCP, Leonel JAF, Vioti G, Benassi JC, Carregaro VML, Alves-Martin MF, Starke-Buzetti WA, Oliveira TMFDS. Feline leishmaniosis: hematological and biochemical analysis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e003823. [PMID: 37377321 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and sixty-six cats from two animal shelters were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and parasitological tests (PA) for the diagnosis of Leishmania spp. Among them, 15% (25/166), 53.6% (89/166), 3.6% (06/166) and 1.8% (03/166) were positive by ELISA, IFAT, both PCRs and PA, respectively. The sequencing of ITS-1 PCR amplicons revealed a 100% match with Leishmania infantum. After the Leishmania spp. survey, 12 cats were selected and divided into two groups for clinical, hematological, and biochemical analysis: six L. infantum positive cats (G1) and six Leishmania spp. negative cats (G2). All the cats were negative for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). A statistical analysis indicated significantly low platelet counts and significant hyperproteinemia associated with hypoalbuminemia in positive cats (p<0.05). Our results suggest that in endemic areas, cats with clinical signs of feline leishmaniosis (such as skin lesions, weight loss and/or enlarged lymph nodes) and that exhibit hematological and biochemical changes, such as low platelet counts and hyperproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia, should be tested for Leishmania spp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Júlio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - João Augusto Franco Leonel
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Geovanna Vioti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Julia Cristina Benassi
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Valéria Maria Lara Carregaro
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Fernanda Alves-Martin
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilma Aparecida Starke-Buzetti
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva Aplicada, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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Baxarias M, Jornet-Rius O, Donato G, Mateu C, Alcover MM, Pennisi MG, Solano-Gallego L. Signalment, Immunological and Parasitological Status and Clinicopathological Findings of Leishmania-Seropositive Apparently Healthy Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101649. [PMID: 37238079 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. Epidemiological serosurveys performed in Europe often lack a thorough assessment of clinical health status of studied dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate signalment, immunological and parasitological status and clinicopathological findings of L. infantum-seropositive apparently healthy dogs (n = 212) living in endemic areas. Routine laboratory tests, endpoint in-house ELISA to quantify the anti-Leishmania antibodies, blood Leishmania qPCR and IFN-γ ELISA were performed. All dogs enrolled were L. infantum-seropositive and were classified as healthy (n = 105) or sick (n = 107) according to LeishVet guidelines. The sick group presented a higher proportion of medium to high antibody levels and positive qPCR and lower IFN-γ concentration compared to the healthy group. Sick dogs were mostly classified in LeishVet stage IIa. Biochemical alterations (98%) were the most common clinicopathological findings, with fewer urinary tract (46%) and hematological (40%) alterations. Apparently healthy L. infantum-seropositive dogs can be classified between truly healthy dogs and sick dogs with clinicopathological findings. Sick dogs presented medium to high seropositivity and parasitemia and low IFN-γ concentrations, and their most common clinicopathological abnormalities were serum protein alterations followed by proteinuria and lymphopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baxarias
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Oriol Jornet-Rius
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Giulia Donato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina-Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Mª Magdalena Alcover
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Messina-Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Hemogram Findings in Cats from an Area Endemic for Leishmania infantum and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infections. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090508. [PMID: 36136724 PMCID: PMC9504703 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Some cats positive for Leishmania infantum (Li) show clinical signs and clinicopathological changes, including hemogram abnormalities. However, co-infections or co-morbidities are often detected in cats with leishmaniosis, and they can have a role in the clinical abnormalities observed. In feline Leishmania infantum infections and in clinical cases of feline leishmaniosis, a significant association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) has been detected, but the role of this co-infection is controversial. The aims of this study were to retrospectively evaluate hemogram changes in cats from areas endemic for Leishmania infantum and feline immunodeficiency virus infections (Sicily and Calabria regions, Southern Italy) and to analyze the role of both pathogens in the abnormalities detected. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 496 cats. Hematological changes in cats positive for Leishmania infantum were found, particularly abnormalities compatible with chronic inflammation including moderate anemia, monocytosis, and morphologically activated monocytes. Moreover, some abnormalities, such as thrombocytosis, seem to arise when cats are co-infected with FIV. Feline leishmaniosis should be considered when some hemogram abnormalities compatible with chronic inflammation are detected. Abstract In feline Leishmania infantum (Li) infection and in clinical cases of feline leishmaniosis, co-infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) has been reported. However, the role of the retroviral co-infection in the impairment of feline clinical health is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate hemogram changes in cats from regions endemic for both Li and FIV infection. Four hundred and ninety-six cats tested for Li (EDTA blood polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence antibody test) and for FIV infection (enzyme-linked immune assay) were retrospectively evaluated. Hemogram results including blood smear morphological evaluation were statistically compared considering four infection patterns: Li+FIV+, Li+FIV−, Li−FIV+, and Li−FIV−. Significantly lower values of erythrocytes (Li+FIV−: p = 0.0248; Li−FIV+: p = 0.0392) and hemoglobin (Li+FIV: p = 0.0086; Li−FIV+: p = 0.0249) were found in both infections when compared to Li−FIV− cats, and severity of anemia was more frequently moderate in Li-positive cats (p = 0.0206) and severe in FIV infection (p = 0.024). Li infection was associated with monocytosis (p = 0.0013) and morphologically activated monocytes (p = 0.0209). Moreover, FIV infection was associated with the presence of inflammatory leukogram (p = 0.023), and an association between thrombocytosis and the co-infection was found (p = 0.0347). Li infection in cats induces hematological changes compatible with chronic inflammation, some of which are due to co-infection with FIV.
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Canine Cytokines Profile in an Endemic Region of L. infantum: Related Factors. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060305. [PMID: 35737357 PMCID: PMC9231092 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis is caused by infection with parasite Leishmania infantum, which are transmitted by sandflies Phlebotomus. Canine leishmaniosis is an endemic disease in the Mediterranean region. The immune response could vary between hosts and determines the severity of the disease and clinical features. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8, which are related to the activation of Th1 or Th2 immune responses in dogs living in the L. infantum endemic region. Moreover, we intend to relate and correlate these levels with different factors, such as sex, age, diet, lifestyle, and breed. Epidemiological data and serum were recovered for seventy-eight dogs, and serum levels of cytokines described previously were analyzed by using the ELISA method. The results showed differences in serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-8 between breeds. The lifestyle also affected serum levels of IL-2. The main conclusion of this study is that Ibizan hounds and crossbred dogs have a serological profile of cytokines that seems to indicate certain protections against infection by L. infantum compared to boxer and purebred breeds.
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Endale HT, Mengstie TA, Dawit DD, Mohammed R, Dessie G, Tesfa KH. Assessment of liver function test and associated factors among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending university of gondar leishmaniasis research and treatment center, Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260022. [PMID: 34797863 PMCID: PMC8604327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the major public health burden, mainly distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among the Sub-Saharan African countries, Ethiopia is the second most affected country with VL. An Alteration of liver function is a typical manifestation of the disease. OBJECTIVE The purpose of conducting this study was to assess liver function tests and associated risk factors among VL patients at Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia. METHOD Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted. A total of 102 study participants were involved in this study. Newly diagnosed VL patients who were attended at Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 21st February 2020 to 30th September 2020 were included under case group category. On the other hand, age-sex matched apparently healthy study subjects were categorized as control group. Written consent was obtained willingness of patients to participate after ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of School of Medicine, University of Gondar. After overnight fasting, 5ml venous blood was drawn from both VL patients and controls to evaluate liver function tests, including AST, ALT, total bilirubin, albumin, and total protein. Thus, senior health professionals (laboratory technologist) investigate the results using Cobas Integra 400 Plus clinical chemistry analyzer. Data was entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis of liver function tests and associated risk factors. RESULT The result of this study showed that significant mean difference was exhibited in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, serum albumin, and total protein level among VL patients and controls. It showed that there was a statistically significant elevation in the level of AST, ALT, and total bilirubin among cases as compared to control. The serum AST level was significantly (p<0.001) elevated among cases as compared to controls. Serum ALT was significantly (p<0.001) elevated among cases compared to controls. Additionally, the total serum bilirubin level was significantly increased (P<0.001) among cases as compared to controls. There was a statistically significant (P<0.001) reduction of serum albumin level among VL patients as compared to controls. Similarly, serum total protein was significantly (P<0.001) reduced in VL patients than control groups. CONCLUSION There were significantly higher mean levels of serum AST, ALT, and total bilirubin among VL patients as compared to controls. On the other hand, VL patients showed significantly lowered level of albumin and total protein as compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Tezera Endale
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tiget Ayelgn Mengstie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dilargachew Dessie Dawit
- Leishmaniasis Treatment and Research Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Rezika Mohammed
- Leishmaniasis Treatment and Research Center of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Dessie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibur Hunie Tesfa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Aparecida de Carvalho C, Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto R, Regina Meireles L, Franco de Andrade Júnior H. Serum antibodies blocked by glycan antigens in canine visceral leishmaniasis serology are mostly IgA immune complexes. Parasitology 2021; 148:1509-1515. [PMID: 34218828 PMCID: PMC11010178 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Immune complexes (ICs) are found in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and interfere with the serum detection of antibodies. Dissociation of these monovalent complexes by dissociative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) removes false-negative results and allows some characterization of antibodies and antigens. We studied the serology of dogs with suspected CVL in an endemic area, testing two Leishmania (Leishmania) [L. (L.)] infantum antigens. We analysed the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies specific to promastigote soluble extract (PSE) and low-molecular weight glycans (glycan–bovine serum albumin (BSA) complex – GBC) by conventional and dissociative ELISA. Our results showed a significant fraction of IgA ICs (46.5% for PSE and 47.6% for GBC), followed by IgG ICs (10% for PSE and 23.5% for GBC). IgM ICs were more frequent for PSE (22.7%). Hypergammaglobulinaemia in CVL would be related to the presence of IgA and IgG ICs, resulting in deficient elimination of these antibodies. Our data confirmed the presence of ICs that can generate false-negative results in conventional serology. The production of IgA antibodies and the high frequency of blockade by glycan antigens suggest the active participation of this immunoglobulin and its ICs in the immunopathology of CVL, indicating a new path for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aparecida de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Mitsuyoshi Hiramoto
- Laboratório de Parasitoses Sistêmicas – Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 355, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Regina Meireles
- Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade Júnior
- Laboratório de Protozoologia – Instituto de Medicina Tropical da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia – Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo – SP, Brazil
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Oliveira GAD, Sarmento VAS, Costa EWDS, Pessoa-E-Silva R, Morais RCSD, Ferreira RR, Feitosa APS, Brayner FA, Alves LC. Detection of Leishmania infantum amastigotes in neutrophil from peripheral blood in a naturally infected dog. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e004821. [PMID: 34259738 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease of high lethality caused by Leishmania infantum in the Americas. In the infected dog, the amastigotes are scarce in blood, especially in the late phase of the disease. This study aimed to report a rare case of L. infantum amastigotes found in neutrophils from peripheral blood of a naturally infected dog in terminal phase of CVL, also describing its clinical status before and after treatment with miltefosine 2%. The dog, which presented as polysymptomatic and with classical signs and symptoms of CVL was submitted to the following tests: Dual Path Platform (DPP) rapid test, ELISA and parasitological examination of peripheral blood. Hematological and biochemical parameters were obtained before and after treatment. All diagnostic tests were positive for CVL. The identification of L. infantum amastigotes inside neutrophils from peripheral blood was confirmed through microscopy, and the species was confirmed by molecular analysis. At the end of the treatment, peripheral parasitemia was not detected, and improvements were observed in clinical and laboratorial parameters. Finally, this atypical finding can be used as example to raise discussions about the real immunological role of neutrophils in late phases of CVL and its clinical/therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilsan Aparecida de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-PE, Pernambuco, PE, Brasil.,Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Fundação Jayme de Altavila, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rômulo Pessoa-E-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-PE, Pernambuco, PE, Brasil
| | - Rayana Carla Silva de Morais
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-PE, Pernambuco, PE, Brasil
| | - Roberto Rômulo Ferreira
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Centro Universitário CESMAC, Fundação Jayme de Altavila, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Sampaio Feitosa
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-PE, Pernambuco, PE, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-PE, Pernambuco, PE, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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8
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Viana Nunes AM, das Chagas Pereira de Andrade F, Filgueiras LA, de Carvalho Maia OA, Cunha RLOR, Rodezno SVA, Maia Filho ALM, de Amorim Carvalho FA, Braz DC, Mendes AN. preADMET analysis and clinical aspects of dogs treated with the Organotellurium compound RF07: A possible control for canine visceral leishmaniasis? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103470. [PMID: 32814174 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tellurium compounds have been described as potential leishmanicides, bearing promising leishmanicidal and antimalarial effects. Therefore, the present study investigated the pharmacological potential of the organotellurane compound RF07 through preADMET parameters, such as absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. After studying the pharmacokinetic properties of RF07, studies were carried out on dogs naturally infected with visceral leishmaniasis after the administration of RF07, in order to assess pathophysiological parameters. Thus, dogs were divided into 4 groups with administration of daily intraperitoneal injections for 3 weeks (containing RF07 or placebo). During the trial, hematological parameters, renal and hepatic toxicity were evaluated. Serum urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases (GOT and GPT), as well as hemogram results, were evaluated before the first administration and during the second and third weeks after the start of the treatment. In dogs with VL, RF07 improved liver damage, regulated GPT levels and significantly decreased leukocyte count, promoting its regularization. These phenomena occurred at the end of the third week of treatment. The administration of RF07 promoted a significant decrease in the average levels of GOT and GPT after the third week of treatment and did not significantly alter the hematological parameters. The application of RF07 in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis suggests that it is an alternative to the disease, since the reversal of clinical signs in dogs with VL requires the use of 0.6 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lívia Alves Filgueiras
- Departament of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo L O R Cunha
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sindy V A Rodezno
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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Roura X, Cortadellas O, Day MJ, Benali SL, Zatelli A. Canine leishmaniosis and kidney disease: Q&A for an overall management in clinical practice. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 62:E1-E19. [PMID: 33107613 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - O Cortadellas
- Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 6150, Murdoch, Australia
| | - S L Benali
- Laboratorio La Vallonea, 20017, Milano, Italy
| | | | - A Zatelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70010, Bari, Italy
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Fernandez-Gallego A, Feo Bernabe L, Dalmau A, Esteban-Saltiveri D, Font A, Leiva M, Ortuñez-Navarro A, Peña MT, Tabar MD, Real-Sampietro L, Saló F, Lloret A, Bardagí M. Feline leishmaniosis: diagnosis, treatment and outcome in 16 cats. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:993-1007. [PMID: 32053024 PMCID: PMC10814407 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20902865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease and in European countries is caused by Leishmania infantum. Cats are considered secondary reservoirs of the infection in endemic areas. The objective of this retrospective study is to describe the clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of feline leishmaniosis (FeL) in 16 cats in Spain. METHODS Medical records of cats diagnosed with leishmaniosis were retrospectively reviewed for cases that met the following inclusion criteria: identification of Leishmania organisms and/or DNA on cytological and/or histological specimens and/or a high anti-Leishmania antibody titre, compatible clinical findings and pathological abnormalities. RESULTS Sixteen cats met the inclusion criteria, all of which were living in areas endemic for canine leishmaniosis. Systemic signs were present in 11 cases (68.8%). The most common clinical signs on presentation included cutaneous lesions in 12 cats (75%), ocular disease in six cats (37.5%) and anorexia in six cats (37.5%). A polyclonal gammopathy was noted in 12 cats (85.7%). Non-regenerative anaemia and renal abnormalities were present in six (37.5%) and five patients (31.3%), respectively. In nine cats (56.3%), immunosuppressive conditions/comorbidities were identified. The diagnosis was made in eight of the cats (50%) by cytology, but a combination of diagnostic tests was needed for definitive diagnosis in the remaining patients. Twelve cats (75%) were treated specifically for leishmaniosis. Five of the 12 cats (41.7%) did not improve with treatment. The median survival time in the group of patients treated specifically for leishmaniosis was 17 months. Median survival of patients treated with concomitant diseases was 13 months vs 41 months in those without, although this was not statistically significant (P = 0.557). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Presentation of FeL appears to be similar to canine leishmaniosis but with some specific features: ulcerative and nodular skin lesions are the predominant cutaneous signs; cats with immunosuppressive conditions or coexisting diseases were more commonly present than typically seen in dogs (mainly feline immunodeficiency virus). A combination of diagnostic tests may be needed for definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Artur Font
- Hospital Ars Veterinaria, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Leiva
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d’Oftalmologia de la Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria-Teresa Peña
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d’Oftalmologia de la Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ferran Saló
- Dispensari Veterinari del Vallès, Rubí, Spain
| | - Albert Lloret
- Servei de Medicina Interna de la Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Bardagí
- Hospital Ars Veterinaria, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animal, Facultat de Veterinaria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Escobar TA, Dowich G, Dos Santos TP, Zuravski L, Duarte CA, Lübeck I, Manfredini V. Assessment of Leishmania infantum infection in equine populations in a canine visceral leishmaniosis transmission area. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:381. [PMID: 31666069 PMCID: PMC6821015 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniosis, zoonosis that produces significant public health impacts, is caused by Leishmania infantum. Canines are the main domestic reservoir and, besides humans, other species of mammals could be infected when living in endemic areas. In this study, we detected equine Leishmania infantum infections in a canine visceral leishmaniosis transmission area and evaluated the clinical, haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress disorders. This study was conducted in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, south of Brazil. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 124 animals (98 horses and 26 dogs) of both genders and several breeds after they underwent general and dermatologic examinations. RESULTS Twenty five Leishmania infantum infected animals (20.16%), 14 horses and 11 dogs were detected by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplification of kinetoplast DNA regions with 96% homology to Leishmania infantum (GenBank Accession No. L 19877.1). The clinical and haematological alterations of infected equines were skin lesions, nodules, lymphadenopathy, decreased levels in red blood cells and haematocrit (p < 0.05) and increase in urea serum concentration (p < 0.05), while CVL presented a decrease in red blood cells counts (p < 0.05), increase in lymphocytes (p < 0.05), and decrease in neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress markers of plasma protein carbonyl and plasma lipid peroxidation were not statistically significant (p > 0.05) in both species. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this has been the first leishmaniosis equine survey performed in south of Brazil, caused by Leishmania infantum that were able to initially identify haematological and biochemical changes in the species, even in asymptomatic animals. We present evidence supporting those findings of haematological and biochemical changes could be related to infection. Surprisingly, the clinical manifestations of equine infection were similar to those found in canine visceral leishmaniosis. The equine population could be play an important role in the cycle of leishmaniosis in south Brazil and consequently indicates a great risk of public health. This evaluation of infected animals is important to establish the clinical and laboratory parameters involved in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiane Acunha Escobar
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pampa, 118 BR 472, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Km 592, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dowich
- Animal Science, Postgraduate, Federal University of Pampa, 118 BR 472, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Km 592, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa Zuravski
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pampa, 118 BR 472, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Km 592, Brazil
| | - Claudia Acosta Duarte
- Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, 118, BR 472, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Km 592, Brazil
| | - Irina Lübeck
- Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, 118, BR 472, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Km 592, Brazil
| | - Vanusa Manfredini
- Biochemistry Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pampa, 118 BR 472, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Km 592, Brazil
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12
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Bilateral Sterile Pyogranulomatous Keratitis in a Dog. Case Rep Vet Med 2019; 2019:8516981. [PMID: 31531261 PMCID: PMC6719276 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8516981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinicopathologic features of bilateral sterile pyogranulomatous keratitis in a 16-year-old spayed female rat terrier dog. Methods The dog presented one year prior due to ulceration of the right and left corneas. The ulcers healed but plaques developed on both eyes which progressed, during the course of one year, to cover both the left and the right corneas. Due to the animal's loss of sight and its painful condition, bilateral enucleation was performed with submission of the eyes for histopathology. Results Microscopic examination revealed bilateral pyogranulomatous keratitis absent of etiological organisms. Conclusions To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of bilateral sterile pyogranulomatous keratitis in a dog.
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13
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Headley SA, Pimentel LA, de Amorim IFG, Amude AM, Viana NE, Muraro LS, Tafuri WL, Dos Santos MD. Immunohistochemical characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in cats from Central-west Brazil. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2019; 17:100290. [PMID: 31303238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Feline leishmaniasis (FeL) is an emerging infectious disease of cats caused by Leishmania infantum with global distribution. This study investigated the cause of chronic progressive cutaneous lesions in two cats from Central-west Brazil by using cytological, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Clinically, both cats had ulcerative cutaneous lesions at the nasal planum and ear resulting in a tentative diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Moreover, both cats had varying degrees of onychogryphosis. However, cytology revealed chronic inflammatory reactions associated with intralesional amastigotes; histopathology confirmed chronic ulcerative dermatitis associated with intralesional and intracytoplasmic parasitic organisms consistent with amastigotes of Leishmania spp. within histiocytes. The IHC assay demonstrated that the intralesional parasitic structures identified by cytology and histopathology were immunoreactive to antigens of Leishmania spp., confirming the participation of this infectious disease agent in the development of the cutaneous lesions of these cats. The observation of onychogryphosis must be highlighted, since this lesion is frequently observed in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis but is underreported in FeL. Collectively, the pathologic and IHC findings of the chronic cutaneous disease confirmed active infections due to Leishmania spp. in these cats. Additionally, FeL with associated lesions to the ear and nasal planum must be considered as differential diagnosis for SCC in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Anunciação Pimentel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira Gontijo de Amorim
- Laboratorio de Patologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mendes Amude
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lívia Saab Muraro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Laboratorio de Patologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Diniz Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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14
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Hendrickx S, Bulté D, Van den Kerkhof M, Cos P, Delputte P, Maes L, Caljon G. Immunosuppression of Syrian golden hamsters accelerates relapse but not the emergence of resistance in Leishmania infantum following recurrent miltefosine pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 9:1-7. [PMID: 30562667 PMCID: PMC6296292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although miltefosine (MIL) has only been approved for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in 2002, its application in monotherapy already led to the development of two confirmed MIL-resistant isolates by 2009. Although liposomal amphotericin B is recommended as first-line treatment in Europe, MIL is still occasionally used in HIV co-infected patients. Since their immune system is incapable of controlling the infection, high parasite burdens and post-treatment relapses are common. Linked to the particular pharmacokinetic profile of MIL, successive treatment of recurrent relapses could in principle facilitate the emergence of drug resistance. This study evaluated the effect of immunosuppression (cyclophosphamide 150 mg/kg once weekly) on the development of MIL-resistance in Syrian golden hamsters infected with Leishmania infantum. The hamsters were treated with MIL (20 mg/kg orally for 5 days) whenever clinical signs of infection or relapse were observed. The immunosuppression resulted in a significant depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes and MHCII-expressing cells in peripheral blood, and a concomitant increase in tissue parasite burdens and shorter time to relapse, but the strain's susceptibility upon repeated MIL exposure remained unaltered. This study demonstrates that immunosuppression accelerates the occurrence of relapse without expediting MIL resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Bulté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Van den Kerkhof
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - P Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - G Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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15
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Meléndez-Lazo A, Ordeix L, Planellas M, Pastor J, Solano-Gallego L. Clinicopathological findings in sick dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum : Comparison of five different clinical classification systems. Res Vet Sci 2018; 117:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Silva JND, Cotrim AC, Conceição LAVD, Marins CMF, Marchi PGFD, Honorio-França AC, Almeida ADBPFD, França EL, Sousa VRF. Immunohaematological and rheological parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:211-217. [PMID: 29846458 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find correlations between haematological and rheological parameters in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CLV). Enrolled dogs with CVL (n=31) had a confirmed diagnosis using the rapid test Dual Path Platform (TR DPP®) kit and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. A control group (n=31) comprised healthy dogs with negative results for the TR DPP® kit and PCR assay. Haematological parameters and total protein, albumin, globulin, and antibody were assessed. The rheological properties of the blood samples were also determined. Erythrocytes, haematocrit and platelet values of dogs in the CVL group were found to be lower than those of the control group. The total protein, globulin and IgG concentrations were higher in serum samples from the CVL group. The blood flow curve demonstrated increased shear rates in the CVL group. The viscosity of the blood from the infected animals was lower than in the healthy dogs. A positive correlation was found between erythrocyte numbers and blood viscosity. These data suggest that changes in the flow curve and viscosity of blood as well as the erythrocyte values may be a viable low-cost alternative for the monitoring of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Nivaldo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Aron Carlos Cotrim
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - ICBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | | | - Camila Moreira Ferreira Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - ICBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - Patricia Gelli Feres de Marchi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - ICBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Luzía França
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - ICBS, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, MT, Brasil
| | - Valéria Régia Franco Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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17
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Clinical and immunopathological findings during long term follow-up in Leishmania infantum experimentally infected dogs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15914. [PMID: 29162847 PMCID: PMC5698407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by Leishmania infantum, which in the New World is transmitted by Lutzomyia longipalpis. While prospective clinical and immunological assessments of dogs experimentally challenged with L. infantum have been previously reported over a relatively short follow-up period, the long-term characterization of infected animals has not been performed to date. We evaluated dogs in a subclinical state for six years following experimental infection with L. infantum and Lu. longipalpis saliva, via an intradermal route, to characterize clinical, parasitological and immunological parameters arising from L. infantum experimental infection. We also assess these parameters in a group of naturally infected animals. The immune profiles of the experimentally and naturally infected animals exhibited increases of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-18, and decreases in TNF, IL-2, IL-8 and CXCL1, compared to controls. Our results indicate that over a six-year follow-up post-challenge, subclinically infected dogs presented low CVL clinical scores despite the persistence of Leishmania parasites in the lymph nodes, spleen and skin. Similarities observed among immune profiles in the context of experimental and natural infection seem to suggest that an enduring activation of the host immune response may lead to the control of parasite growth, thereby limiting disease severity.
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18
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Ari M, Bildik A, Ertug S. Investigation of the bone metabolism in dogs with leishmaniasis. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:411-415. [PMID: 28865205 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining bone metabolism related changes in dogs with visseral leishmaniasis such as vitamin D, calcium, phosphate and ALP levels as compared to healthy ones. A total of 40 serums of male dogs aged between 4 and 6 years that were sent to Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Parasitology Laboratory from Kuşadasy and Bodrum districts between the years 2012 and 2013, suspected with leishmaniasis, by the veterinary physicians in accordance with the cold chain rules and 20 of which were evaluated as leishmania seropositive and 20 as leishmania seronegative by the IFA test, were included in this study. There was no any statistically significant difference between the serum 25-OH-D3 levels of Leishmania positive and negative dogs (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the serum ALP (p<0.05), and P levels were observed to be higher in the seropositive dogs than in the seronegative dogs, while Ca level was low (p<0.001).
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19
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Prediction of lymph node parasite load from clinical data in dogs with leishmaniasis: An application of radial basis artificial neural networks. Vet Parasitol 2017; 234:13-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Solcà MS, Andrade BB, Abbehusen MMC, Teixeira CR, Khouri R, Valenzuela JG, Kamhawi S, Bozza PT, Fraga DBM, Borges VM, Veras PST, Brodskyn CI. Circulating Biomarkers of Immune Activation, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Characterize Severe Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32619. [PMID: 27595802 PMCID: PMC5011641 DOI: 10.1038/srep32619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations in canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) have not been clearly associated with immunological status or disease progression. We simultaneously assessed biomarkers of inflammation, immune activation, oxidative stress, and anti-sand fly saliva IgG concentrations in dog sera with different clinical manifestations to characterize a biosignature associated with CVL severity. In a cross-sectional exploratory study, a random population of 70 dogs from an endemic area in Brazil was classified according to CVL clinical severity and parasitological evaluation. A panel of biomarkers and anti-sand fly saliva IgG were measured in canine sera. Assessment of protein expression of profile biomarkers identified a distinct biosignature that could cluster separately animal groups with different clinical scores. Increasing severity scores were associated with a gradual decrease of LTB4 and PGE2, and a gradual increase in CXCL1 and CCL2. Discriminant analyses revealed that combined assessment of LTB4, PGE2 and CXCL1 was able to distinguish dogs with different clinical scores. Dogs with the highest clinical score values also exhibited high parasite loads and higher concentrations of anti-saliva antibodies. Our findings suggest CVL clinical severity is tightly associated with a distinct inflammatory profile hallmarked by a differential expression of circulating eicosanoids and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Solcà
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Fundação José Silveira, 40070-080 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Melissa Moura Costa Abbehusen
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Khouri
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Patrícia Torres Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Bio-Manguinhos, FIOCRUZ, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deborah Bittencourt Mothé Fraga
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Produção Animal, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-110 Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), 40110-160 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valeria Matos Borges
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sampaio Tavares Veras
- Laboratório de Patologia e Biointervenção, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), 40110-160 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia Ida Brodskyn
- Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia e Imunoregulação, Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia (III-INCT), 05403-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Baltazar PI, Da Silva Moura L, Pessoa GT, De Sá Rodrigues RP, Sanches MP, Das Neves Diniz A, Das Chagas Araújo Sousa F, Guerra PC, Neves WC, Giglio RF, De Jesus Rosa Pereira Alves J, De Assis Leite Souza F, Braga JFV, Alves FR. Comparative B-mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:637-45. [PMID: 27194210 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphological parameters and renal flow were assessed and measured in six clinically healthy dogs with negative serological and parasitological examinations for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and six dogs with CVL-positive serological and parasitological tests and asymptomatic condition of the disease. Kidney length and diameter were measured and compared with the aorta/kidney ratio. Alterations in flow were measured using the flow velocity (cm/s) and resistance index (RI). Renal function was assessed by serum biochemical examination (urea, creatine, total proteins, albumin, and globulin) and urinalysis. CVL-positive animals presented heterogeneous kidney echotexture, reduced vascular flow, hypoperfusion, lesser visualization of the arcuate arteries, high RI values (1.06 ± 0.28 for the right kidney and 1.10 ± 0.30 for the left kidney), reduced diastolic flow, and high systolic peak. They also presented positive creatine/RI correlation and between the renal artery vascular flow and kidney diameter. Histopathological analysis of CVL-positive animals was compatible and confirmed hemodynamic changes observed by Doppler ultrasound. The findings in the present study showed that Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to assess and detect alterations in flow in renal pathological processes with kidney vascular damage, as in the case of leishmaniasis, and can help in the diagnosis of animals with this infection. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:637-645, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pollyana Irene Baltazar
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Laecio Da Silva Moura
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Gerson Tavares Pessoa
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Renan Paraguassu De Sá Rodrigues
- Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Marina Pinto Sanches
- Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Anaemilia Das Neves Diniz
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Francisco Das Chagas Araújo Sousa
- Animal Science Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Porfírio Candanedo Guerra
- Health Department Clinics, State University of Maranhão, Campus Paulo VI, São Luís, Maranhão, 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Willams Costa Neves
- Department of Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Robson Fortes Giglio
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | | | | | - Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga
- Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Ribeiro Alves
- Department of Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portella, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
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22
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Santos FD, Pascon J, Pereira D, Anjos B, Mistieri M, Silveira I, Porciuncula M. Clinical and histopathological features of myocarditis in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-7854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis that can promote myocarditis and heart rate changes in canine and human hosts. Thus, histopathological aspects of the myocardium and clinical, hematological, biochemical, radiological and electrocardiographic data were evaluated in a group of 36 dogs naturally infected with VL (VLG) and compared to data from 15 non-infected dogs (CG=Control Group). A prevalence of asymptomatic dogs was present in the CG (100%) and polysymptomatic dogs in the VLG (66%). In addition, two dogs in the VLG demonstrated systolic murmurs in the mitral valve region: one with a II/VI intensity and the other with a III/VI intensity. The mean values of RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower in dogs in VLG and were associated with higher values of total protein, total leukocytes, neutrophils, creatine kinase overall (CK) and the CK-MB fraction (CK-MB). The absence of radiographic changes was accompanied by a predominance of respiratory sinus arrhythmia associated with episodes of migratory pacemaker and sinus arrest in dogs in VLG (75%), sinus rhythm in dogs in CG (60%) and decreased P wave amplitude in VLG electrocardiography. Mononuclear cell infiltration was detected in the myocardium of 77,8% of dogs in GVL and classified primarily as mild multifocal lymphohistioplasmacytic. Amastigotes were detected in only one dog, which did not allow the association between myocarditis and parasitism, although the myocardial lesions that were found constitute irrefutable evidence of myocarditis in the VLG dogs, accompanied by lenient electrocardiographic changes compared to CG.
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Leite RS, Souza NA, Barbosa AD, Ferreira ALC, de Andrade ASR. Evaluation of conjunctival swab as a mass-screening tool for molecular diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2255-62. [PMID: 25782681 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis is an important step of visceral leishmaniasis control program in Brazil once the dog is the main reservoir host of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conjunctival swab (CS) as a mass-screening tool for CVL molecular diagnosis in an endemic area classified as priority for the Brazilian Ministry of Healthy for surveillance action. A total of 1350 domiciled dogs were screened. The animals were evaluated by serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as screening and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for confirmation) and by CS associated to real-time PCR, using primers addressed to kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircles and SYBR Green. Canine β-globin gene amplification was used to evaluate the sample DNA integrity. A subgroup of 484 animals was also submitted to clinical evaluation. Among the 1350 dogs screened, 369 (27.3%) were positive by CS real-time PCR and 126 (9.3%) tested positive by ELISA. Thirty-one percent (39/126) of the ELISA-positive dogs were confirmed by IFAT. CS real-time PCR was able to detect infection in dogs independently of the symptomatology degree (p > 0.05), while ELISA was more sensitive in the group of dogs that present three or more clinical signs related to CVL. The results demonstrated that CS real-time PCR was able to detect a higher number of infected dogs than ELISA and that the prevalence of canine infections has been underestimated by the serological assays. The use of sensitive molecular diagnostic methods like CS real-time PCR, mainly in endemic areas, could greatly contribute to disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Souza Leite
- Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), Rua Professor Mário Werneck S/N°, Cidade Universitária, Campus da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31120-970, Brazil
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24
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Saridomichelakis MN, Koutinas AF. Cutaneous involvement in canine leishmaniosis due toLeishmania infantum(syn.L.chagasi). Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:61-71, e22. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manolis N. Saridomichelakis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Clinic of Medicine; University of Thessaly; Trikalon Str. 224 GR-43100 Karditsa Greece
| | - Alexander F. Koutinas
- Companion Animal Clinic; School of Veterinary Medicine; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Stavrou Voutyra 11 GR-54627 Thessaloniki Greece
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