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Rebêlo JMM, Bandeira MDCA, Moraes JLP, Boas IV, Fonteles RS, Dominici Cruz L, Rodrigues BL. Seasonal dynamics of sand flies in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park: a tourist destination and endemic area for leishmaniasis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 61:900-910. [PMID: 38808616 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Numerous sand fly species have been reported in Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (LMNP) in Northeast Brazil, including important Leishmania vectors, making the park an endemic area for tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis. We evaluated sand fly abundance monthly over 7 years, correlating it with environmental variables and monthly tourist numbers in LMNP. Sand fly species were observed throughout the year, with Lutzomyia longipalpis Lutz & Neiva and Nyssomyia whitmani Antunes and Coutinho (Diptera: Psychodidae) being the most abundant species, especially from April to June. In addition to seasonal abundance patterns, Lu. longipalpis showed increasing abundance throughout 2013 until April 2014, whereas Ny. whitmani exhibited a consistent increase throughout the study period. Redundancy analysis indicated that monthly sand fly abundances increased with humidity but decreased with mean temperature and wind speed. Ecotourists mainly visit the park from May to September when interdune lagoons are full, coinciding with high-frequency vector activity during the rainy months (May-June). Tourists also visit in January and February during school holidays, when the rains begin and sand fly abundance increases, and in July, when sand fly abundance decreases. To date, no instances of infected tourists have been recorded, likely because visits to LMNP occur during the day when sand flies are inactive. However, there is a potential risk of vector exposure if tourists engage in nighttime cultural visits to villages around the park, where leishmaniasis cases occur annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede de Biodiversidade de Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede de Biodiversidade de Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Itapotiara Vilas Boas
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede de Biodiversidade de Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro da Silva RC, Nava Piorsky Dominici Cruz L, da Silva Coutinho JM, Correia Santana NC, Macário Rebêlo JM. Maintenance and Productivity of a Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) Colony from an Area Endemic for Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1917-1925. [PMID: 33822113 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studies on experimental sand fly infection require the availability of colonies and laboratory conditions. In Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Lutz and Neiva 1912) is responsible for the highest infection rates by Leishmania spp. and this species is one of the most suitable species for laboratory colonization. In this study, we describe a method for growing Lu. longipalpis in laboratory conditions (10 generations) from natural populations sampled from a region of high endemicity for visceral leishmaniasis in the state of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil. Using two methods (individualized or grouped females), the colony's highest productivity occurred in the first four generations, where all stages presented with high frequency. Nonviable eggs represented more than 50% of the total eggs produced by engorged females, while pupae were more resistant to fungal contamination, with a mortality rate of only 2%. In both methods, there was a predominance of female emergence; however, the ratio between males and females did not show significant differences, IF (P = 0.8023) and GF (P = 0.1831). Using the method of individualized females, the F4 generation took the longest to appear (234 d; 64 ± 57 d); by grouped females, F3 took the longest to appear (102 d; 47 ± 20 d). This method provides sufficient numbers of insects to perform vector competence tests for Leishmania spp. that cause the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis, usually found in Lu. longipalpis sampled from the study location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da UFMA, Department of Ciências Fisiológicas, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Department of Biologia (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Léo Nava Piorsky Dominici Cruz
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Department of Biologia Parasitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Manoel da Silva Coutinho
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da UFMA, Department of Ciências Fisiológicas, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Núrzia Cristina Correia Santana
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratory of Entomology and Vectors, Department of Biologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, Cidade Universitária do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da UFMA, Department of Ciências Fisiológicas, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Ribeiro da Silva RC, Guimarães E Silva AS, da Silva Sousa SS, Bezerra JMT, Macário Rebêlo JM, Pinheiro VCS. Occurrence of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Urban Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci in North-Eastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 56:247-253. [PMID: 30380076 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed species composition, richness, and monthly and seasonal abundance of sand flies in an urban area, municipality Caxias, state Maranhão, endemic for American visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. Sand flies were caught using Center for Disease Control (CDC) light traps in peridomicile (animal shelter) and extradomicile (forest) environments twice a month for 1 yr. A total of 16,332 specimens belonging to 20 species were captured. The predominant species identified in this study were Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Lutz and Neiva 1912) (43.08%) and Lutzomyia whitmani (Diptera: Psychodidae) (Antunes and Coutinho 1939) (43.02%), which occurred throughout the year (every month). The highest abundance of phlebotomine was recorded during the dry season (53.75%) and in the urban peridomicile environment (59.1%), wherein 17 species were found. In the study area, L. longipalpis and L. whitmani are reported to be effective visceral or tegumentary leishmaniasis vectors, respectively, due to their abundance throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LEV-UFMA), Avenida dos Portugueses, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Antonia Suely Guimarães E Silva
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sêmilly Suélen da Silva Sousa
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Trindade Bezerra
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia das Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Vetores da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (LEV-UFMA), Avenida dos Portugueses, Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (LABEM-UEMA), Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Morro do Alecrim, s/n, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
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Thies SF, Bronzoni RVDM, Michalsky ÉM, Santos ESD, Silva DJFD, Dias ES, Damazo AS. Aspects on the ecology of phlebotomine sand flies and natural infection by Leishmania hertigi in the Southeastern Amazon Basin of Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 177:37-43. [PMID: 28964769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The medical and veterinary importance of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) follow as a result of some species ability to transmit the zoonotic protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Of all municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Sinop ranks first in reported cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). Sinop urban zone encompasses three permanent forest preservation areas (APPs) that provide refuge for insects and other vertebrate hosts. We assessed ecological parameters and investigated the natural infection by Leishmania spp. of the phlebotomine fauna from four ecotypes with different levels of urbanization in the urban area of Sinop. A total of 62,745 sand flies were collected, of which 52.34% female. Out of 37 species in this study, nine were found to be constant. Sand flies frequency and diversity were highest in APPs (96.85%; 33 species). Lutzomyia dasypodogeton was the most frequent species and exhibited the greatest abundance (SISA=0.977). The neighborhoods around APPs and completely urbanized neighborhoods presented noteworthy ecological similarity. Moreover, eight vector sand fly species with medicalwere identified, and one L. antunesi sample pool was found to be naturally infected with Le. hertigi. We observed a high frequency and diversity of sand flies, including some species that are known to be major vectors of ACL. Further studies are needed on the natural rates of infection in humans, domestic animals, and sylvatic hosts to better comprehend the leishmaniases dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirlei Franck Thies
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil.
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Infran JOM, Souza DA, Fernandes WS, Casaril AE, Eguchi GU, Oshiro ET, Fernandes CES, Paranhos Filho AC, Oliveira AG. Nycthemeral Rhythm of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a Craggy Region, Transitioning Between the Wetland and the Plateau, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:114-124. [PMID: 28082638 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recording the nycthemeral rhythm of sand flies allows the evaluation of the daily activity in different ecotypes, the period of greatest activity, and their degree of anthropophily. We investigated the fauna and the rhythm of sand fly activity in an ecotourism region in Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state, Brazil. Sand flies were captured monthly, using a Shannon trap for 24 h periods between July 2012 and June 2014. We collected 1,815 sand flies, in which Lutzomyia whitmani (=Nyssomyia whitmani, sensu Galati) and Lutzomyia longipalpis were the most abundant species during the dry season, with activity from 5 p.m.-7 a.m. and 6 p.m.-5 a.m., respectively. Both species require particular attention as vectors of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in several regions of Brazil, including MS. However, Lutzomyia dispar was more anthropophilic, and was most active between January and March, from 5 p.m. to 5 a.m. Lutzomyia misionensis (=Pintomyia misionensis, sensu Galati) was present throughout both years, active from 4 p.m. to 5 a.m. Other species were active from 5 p.m. to 6 a.m. Due to intense tourism in the months that coincide with a high number of vectors for leishmaniases in Piraputanga, it is essential to determine vector-monitoring strategies in the area by investigating sand fly rhythm while not neglecting other periods of the year when the insects are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O M Infran
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - D A Souza
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - W S Fernandes
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A E Casaril
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - G U Eguchi
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - E T Oshiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - C E S Fernandes
- Laboratório de Histopatologia - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A C Paranhos Filho
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Arquitetura, Planejamento Urbano e Geografia - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A G Oliveira
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal - Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
- Curso de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias - Faculdade de Medicina/Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
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Thies SF, Bronzoni RVDM, Espinosa MM, Souza CDO, Ribeiro ALM, Santos ESD, Dias ES, Damazo AS. Frequency and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2016; 49:544-552. [PMID: 27812647 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0251-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Understanding the diversity of sand flies is important for the epidemiology and control of leishmaniasis. This study aimed to understand the frequency, diversity, and seasonality of medically important sand flies in the municipality of Sinop, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: The study was conducted in an urban area, including four ecotypes with different levels of urbanization. The sand flies were collected using light traps for three nights per month, from May 2014 to April 2015. RESULTS: A total of 62,745 sand flies was collected, 52.34% of which were female. The frequency and diversity of sand flies was the highest in areas of permanent preservation (APPs) (96.85%), and was lower in more urbanized areas. Lutzomyia dasypodogeton was the most frequent species in the APPs. Lutzomyia antunesi was the most frequent in neighborhoods with forest fragments and neighborhoods around APPs, and L. aragaoi was the most frequent in completely urbanized neighborhoods. A higher frequency and diversity of sand flies was observed in the rainy season (87.92%) than in the dry season (12.08%). Eight medically important species were captured, and Lutzomyia antunesi, which is associated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis, was observed in all ecotypes throughout the year. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a high frequency and diversity of sand flies in all urban areas, and some species collected were major vectors of leishmaniasis. These results support the need for further studies of the natural rates of infection of these insects and the circulation of the disease in hosts and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirlei Franck Thies
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.,Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | - Mariano Martinez Espinosa
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Cladson de Oliveira Souza
- Escritório Regional de Saúde de Sinop, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edelberto Santos Dias
- Laboratório de Leishmanioses, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Pereira Filho AA, Bandeira MDCA, Fonteles RS, Moraes JLP, Lopes CRG, Melo MN, Rebêlo JMM. An ecological study of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the vicinity of Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão, Brazil. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:442. [PMID: 26315017 PMCID: PMC4552461 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, located in Maranhão, Brazil, is a region of exceptional beauty and a popular tourist destination. The adjoining area has suffered from the impact of human activity and, consequently, has experienced outbreaks of leishmaniasis. This study aimed to evaluate the composition, abundance, species richness and seasonal distribution of sand flies in the region and to determine the constancy of the insect population. Methods The survey was conducted at three sites located in the municipalities of Barreirinhas and Santo Amaro between September 2012 and August 2013. Sampling was performed monthly using automatic light traps installed 1.5 m above the soil adjacent to 13 randomly selected rural dwellings. At each site, one trap was placed in the peridomicile near to animal enclosures and another (extradomicile) at 500 m from the peridomicile. Results A total of 4,474 individual sand flies were collected over the year with the highest abundance recorded during the rainy season (December to June). Nine species were collected: L. whitmani, L. longipalpis, L. lenti, L. sordellii, L. evandroi, L. flaviscutellata, L. wellcomei, L. termitophila and L. intermedia. Although peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary environments presented similar species richness, the Shannon diversity index was significantly lower in the former (H’ = 2.4) compared with the latter (H’ = 4.98). Lutzomyia whitmani and L. longipalpis were the most abundant species and were classified as constant (constancy index, CI = 100 %) along with L. lenti (CI = 58.3), L. evandroi (CI = 58.3) and L. sordellii (CI = 66.7). The remaining four species presented CI values between 25 and 50 % and were considered accessory. Conclusions The present results confirm the present of L. whitmani and L. longipalpis in the peridomicile of houses in Lençóis National Park. The abundance of these species could explain, respectively, the endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis and sporadic cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the study area. However, in the case of cutaneous leishmaniasis, the presence of other sand fly vectors (in addition to L. whitmani) cannot be neglected. Finally, this study emphasizes the need for a more effective and permanent supervision to control the expansion of these vectors and leishmaniasis outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalberto Alves Pereira Filho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria da Conceição Abreu Bandeira
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Silva Fonteles
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Pinto Moraes
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Camila Ragonezi Gomes Lopes
- Departamento de Cartografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - José Manuel Macário Rebêlo
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Campos AM, Matavelli R, Santos CLCD, Moraes LS, Rebêlo JMM. Ecology of phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a transitional area between the Amazon and the Cerrado in the State of Maranhão, Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2013; 50:52-58. [PMID: 23427652 DOI: 10.1603/me12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest and the Brazilian Cerrado both possess high phlebotomine diversity. The fragmentation of these habitats has resulted in the appearance of human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis. In one altered area of mixed primary vegetation (forest and Cerrado) and its adjacent settlement in the northeast state of Maranhão, Brazil, evidence exists for the active transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Accordingly, an entomological investigation was performed in both the forest and the settlement to compare the phlebotomine vector faunain each environment. The study was conducted from September 2009 to August 2010 in the municipality of Itapecuru Mirim in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. The phlebotomine species were captured using 24 light Center for Disease Control and Prevention traps that were placed in the forest and the settlement (peridomicile and intradomicile). The similarity between the phlebotomine compositions in the forest and those in the settlement was determined using a Principal Coordinate Analysis based on a dissimilarity matrix that was calculated using the Bray-Curtis index (relative abundance) and the Jaccard index (presence and absence of species). In total, 29 Lutzomyia species and one Brumptomyia species were collected. The phlebotomines were diverse and abundant in both the forest fragment (27 species, 4,606 specimens) and the settlement (22 species, 753 specimens). The most abundant species were L. infraspinosa (25%), L. davisi (21%), L. antunesi (21%), L. longipalpis (9%), L. saulensis (6%), L. flaviscutellata (5%), and L. wellcomei (4%). Some species were found strictly in the forest, other species were exclusive to the anthropic environment, and some species colonized both of the studied environments. The phlebotomines adaptation to these modified environments explains the autochthonous outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Campos
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão-UFMA, Av. dos Portugueses s/n, Campus do Bacanga, 65085-580, São Luís, Maranhao, Brasil
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Alves GB, Oshiro ET, Leite MDC, Melão AV, Ribeiro LM, Mateus NLF, Brazil RP, Andrade Filho JD, Oliveira AGD. Phlebotomine sandflies fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) at rural settlements in the municipality of Cáceres, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:437-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012005000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is expanding across Brazil, including the State of Mato Grosso (MT). The aim of this study was to characterize the phlebotomine sandfly fauna at threerural settlements located in the municipality of Cáceres, MT, from August 2010 to July 2011. METHODS: Sandfly captures were conducted at the forest border and in intra and peridomicile areas with automatic light traps, biweekly, from 5pm to 6am. RESULTS: Of the 630 sandflies collected, 348 were female, and 282 were male. Captured specimens were distributed across 11 genera - Brumptomyia, Evandromyia, Expapillata, Lutzomyia, Martinsmyia, Micropygomyia, Nyssomyia, Pintomyia, Psathyromyia, Psychodopygus, and Sciopemyia - and 28 species. Among these, six species had not been marked yet in MT (Brumptomyia avellari, Br. mangabeirai, Evandromyia aldafalcaoae, Micropygomyia echinatopharynx, Micropygomyia peresi, and Pa. campograndensis). Nyssomyia whitmani was the most abundant species across ecotopes at all settlements. Interestingly, Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia cruzi were found in sympatry. CONCLUSIONS: The disorganized occupation of the environment that is happening at the rural settlements of Mata Comprida, Laranjeira I and II could provide opportunities for the domiciliation of wild populations of phlebotomine, including vectors of leishmaniasis. Therefore, more studies are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease in these areas and its impact on the human population.
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Rebêlo JMM, Assunção Júnior AN, Silva O, Moraes JLP. [Occurrence of sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in leishmaniasis foci in an ecotourism area around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2010; 26:195-8. [PMID: 20209223 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution and relative abundance of sand fly species were studied in the municipality of Barreirinhas, Maranhão State, Brazil, around the Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, from January to June 2005, August 2004, July 2005, and September/2008. A total of 6,658 specimens were captured. The most frequent species were Lutzomyia whitmani (46.6%), L. longipalpis (29.9%), L. evandroi (17.1%), and L. lenti (4.8%), while L. termitophila, L. flaviscutellata, L. migonei, L. infraspinosa, L. sordellii, L. wellcomei, L. antunesi, and L. trinidadensis represented 1.6%. The presence of Leishmania vector species explains the high detection rate for tegumentary leishmaniasis in 2000 (308.2), 2001 (310.9), 2002 (338.2), and 2005 (313.6) and active foci of human visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Barreirinhas.
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