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Wang Y, Nie H, Gu X, Wang T, Huang X, Chen L, Lai W, Peng X, Yang G. An ELISA using recombinant TmHSP70 for the diagnosis of Taenia multiceps infections in goats. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:469-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Souza LCK, Pinho REGG, Lima CVDP, Fragoso SP, Soares MJ. Actin expression in trypanosomatids (Euglenozoa: Kinetoplastea). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:631-6. [PMID: 23903980 PMCID: PMC3970605 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108052013015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteroxenic and monoxenic trypanosomatids were screened for the
presence of actin using a mouse polyclonal antibody produced against the entire
sequence of the Trypanosoma cruzi actin gene, encoding a 41.9
kDa protein. Western blot analysis showed that this antibody reacted with a
polypeptide of approximately 42 kDa in the whole-cell lysates of parasites
targeting mammals (T. cruzi, Trypanosoma
brucei and Leishmania major), insects
(Angomonas deanei, Crithidia fasciculata,
Herpetomonas samuelpessoai and Strigomonas
culicis) and plants (Phytomonas serpens). A single
polypeptide of approximately 42 kDa was detected in the whole-cell lysates of
T. cruzi cultured epimastigotes, metacyclic trypomastigotes
and amastigotes at similar protein expression levels. Confocal microscopy showed
that actin was expressed throughout the cytoplasm of all the tested
trypanosomatids. These data demonstrate that actin expression is widespread in
trypanosomatids.
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Stoco PH, Wagner G, Talavera-Lopez C, Gerber A, Zaha A, Thompson CE, Bartholomeu DC, Lückemeyer DD, Bahia D, Loreto E, Prestes EB, Lima FM, Rodrigues-Luiz G, Vallejo GA, Filho JFDS, Schenkman S, Monteiro KM, Tyler KM, de Almeida LGP, Ortiz MF, Chiurillo MA, de Moraes MH, Cunha ODL, Mendonça-Neto R, Silva R, Teixeira SMR, Murta SMF, Sincero TCM, Mendes TADO, Urmenyi TP, Silva VG, DaRocha WD, Andersson B, Romanha ÁJ, Steindel M, de Vasconcelos ATR, Grisard EC. Genome of the avirulent human-infective trypanosome--Trypanosoma rangeli. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3176. [PMID: 25233456 PMCID: PMC4169256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma rangeli is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite infecting humans and other wild and domestic mammals across Central and South America. It does not cause human disease, but it can be mistaken for the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi. We have sequenced the T. rangeli genome to provide new tools for elucidating the distinct and intriguing biology of this species and the key pathways related to interaction with its arthropod and mammalian hosts. Methodology/Principal Findings The T. rangeli haploid genome is ∼24 Mb in length, and is the smallest and least repetitive trypanosomatid genome sequenced thus far. This parasite genome has shorter subtelomeric sequences compared to those of T. cruzi and T. brucei; displays intraspecific karyotype variability and lacks minichromosomes. Of the predicted 7,613 protein coding sequences, functional annotations could be determined for 2,415, while 5,043 are hypothetical proteins, some with evidence of protein expression. 7,101 genes (93%) are shared with other trypanosomatids that infect humans. An ortholog of the dcl2 gene involved in the T. brucei RNAi pathway was found in T. rangeli, but the RNAi machinery is non-functional since the other genes in this pathway are pseudogenized. T. rangeli is highly susceptible to oxidative stress, a phenotype that may be explained by a smaller number of anti-oxidant defense enzymes and heat-shock proteins. Conclusions/Significance Phylogenetic comparison of nuclear and mitochondrial genes indicates that T. rangeli and T. cruzi are equidistant from T. brucei. In addition to revealing new aspects of trypanosome co-evolution within the vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, comparative genomic analysis with pathogenic trypanosomatids provides valuable new information that can be further explored with the aim of developing better diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic targets. Comparative genomics is a powerful tool that affords detailed study of the genetic and evolutionary basis for aspects of lifecycles and pathologies caused by phylogenetically related pathogens. The reference genome sequences of three trypanosomatids, T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. major, and subsequent addition of multiple Leishmania and Trypanosoma genomes has provided data upon which large-scale investigations delineating the complex systems biology of these human parasites has been built. Here, we compare the annotated genome sequence of T. rangeli strain SC-58 to available genomic sequence and annotation data from related species. We provide analysis of gene content, genome architecture and key characteristics associated with the biology of this non-pathogenic trypanosome. Moreover, we report striking new genomic features of T. rangeli compared with its closest relative, T. cruzi, such as (1) considerably less amplification on the gene copy number within multigene virulence factor families such as MASPs, trans-sialidases and mucins; (2) a reduced repertoire of genes encoding anti-oxidant defense enzymes; and (3) the presence of vestigial orthologs of the RNAi machinery, which are insufficient to constitute a functional pathway. Overall, the genome of T. rangeli provides for a much better understanding of the identity, evolution, regulation and function of trypanosome virulence determinants for both mammalian host and insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Hermes Stoco
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PHS); (ECG)
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Carlos Talavera-Lopez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Gerber
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Diana Bahia
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elgion Loreto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Mitsuo Lima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Schenkman
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Kevin Morris Tyler
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mauro Freitas Ortiz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chiurillo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Rosane Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Turán Peter Urmenyi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Björn Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Álvaro José Romanha
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Edmundo Carlos Grisard
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PHS); (ECG)
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Sequence polymorphism in the Trypanosoma rangeli HSP70 coding genes allows typing of the parasite KP1(+) and KP1(−) groups. Exp Parasitol 2013; 133:447-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Chromosomal localisation of five genes in Perkinsus olseni (Phylum Perkinsozoa). Eur J Protistol 2012; 48:194-8. [PMID: 22342132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular karyotype of Perkinsus olseni, a pathogenic protist that infects the clam Ruditapes decussatus, comprises nine chromosomes, ranging in size from 0.15 Mb to 6.5 Mb, representing a haploid genome of about 28 Mb. In order to establish chromosome specific markers, PCR-amplified DNA sequences belonging to five conserved genes (18S rRNA, actin type I, hsp90, β-tubulin and calmodulin) were hybridised to chromosomal bands separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Three of those probes (actin type I, hsp90 and calmodulin) hybridised to only one chromosome and the remaining two (18S rRNA and β-tubulin) hybridised to two chromosomes. In the first place, the hybridisation pattern obtained serves to dispel any doubt about the nuclear location of the smallest chromosome observed in the molecular karyotype of Perkinsus olseni. Additionally, it will be a reference for further analysis of karyotype polymorphisms in the genus Perkinsus.
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de Sousa MA, Dos Santos Pereira SM, Dos Santos Faissal BN. Variable sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis among Trypanosoma rangeli reference strains. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:599-608. [PMID: 21748348 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Six reference strains of Trypanosoma rangeli from different days of growth in axenic cultures were assayed for susceptibility to complement-mediated lysis by non-immune guinea-pig serum. Their authenticity was also confirmed by isoenzyme analyses. Parasites were incubated with 25% active or 68°C-inactivated serum (37°C, 30 min) for all tests; thereafter the lysis rates were determined. Highly variable lysis percentages were observed among T. rangeli strains and in the same stock at different growing days. In a few assays, three strains (Macias, R-1625 and Choachi) presented total or very high resistance. The others (H-14, San Agustín and SC-58) were generally most susceptible, and could reach lysis rates as high as Trypanosoma cruzi. After incubation with active sera, the epimastigotes were usually the predominant stages, being followed by spheromastigotes and/or transitional forms. Those stages and trypomastigotes could also be partially susceptible. In four strains, the short epimastigotes were more resistant to lysis than the long ones. Experiments with C3-deficient serum displayed total or partial participation of the alternative-complement pathway in T. rangeli lysis. This study confirmed the variable complement sensitivity of T. rangeli, which can be related to its intraspecific heterogeneity, to the remarkable complexity of its life-cycle stages, and to the methodology employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Auxiliadora de Sousa
- Coleção de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Ortiz P, Maia da Silva F, Cortez A, Lima L, Campaner M, Pral E, Alfieri S, Teixeira M. Genes of cathepsin L-like proteases in Trypanosoma rangeli isolates: markers for diagnosis, genotyping and phylogenetic relationships. Acta Trop 2009; 112:249-59. [PMID: 19683503 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have sequenced genes encoding cathepsin L-like (CatL-like) cysteine proteases from isolates of Trypanosoma rangeli from humans, wild mammals and Rhodnius species of Central and South America. Phylogenetic trees of sequences encoding mature CatL-like enzymes of T. rangeli and homologous genes from other trypanosomes, Leishmania spp. and bodonids positioned sequences of T. rangeli (rangelipain) closest to T. cruzi (cruzipain). Phylogenetic tree of kinetoplastids based on sequences of CatL-like was totally congruent with those derived from SSU rRNA and gGAPDH genes. Analysis of sequences from the CatL-like catalytic domains of 17 isolates representative of the overall phylogenetic diversity and geographical range of T. rangeli supported all the lineages (A-D) previously defined using ribosomal and spliced leader genes. Comparison of the proteolytic activities of T. rangeli isolates revealed heterogeneous banding profiles of cysteine proteases in gelatin gels, with differences even among isolates of the same lineage. CatL-like sequences proved to be excellent targets for diagnosis and genotyping of T. rangeli by PCR. Data from CatL-like encoding genes agreed with results from previous studies of kDNA markers, and ribosomal and spliced leader genes, thereby corroborating clonal evolution, independent transmission cycles and the divergence of T. rangeli lineages associated with sympatric species of Rhodnius.
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Vallejo G, Guhl F, Schaub G. Triatominae-Trypanosoma cruzi/T. rangeli: Vector-parasite interactions. Acta Trop 2009; 110:137-47. [PMID: 18992212 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Of the currently known 140 species in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, those which are most important as vectors of the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, Trypanosoma cruzi, belong to the tribes Triatomini and Rhodniini. The latter not only transmit T. cruzi but also Trypanosoma rangeli, which is considered apathogenic for the mammalian host but can be pathogenic for the vectors. Using different molecular methods, two main lineages of T. cruzi have been classified, T. cruzi I and T. cruzi II. Within T. cruzi II, five subdivisions are recognized, T. cruzi IIa-IIe, according to the variability of the ribosomal subunits 24Salpha rRNA and 18S rRNA. In T. rangeli, differences in the organization of the kinetoplast DNA separate two forms denoted T. rangeli KP1+ and KP1-, although differences in the intergenic mini-exon gene and of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) suggest four subpopulations denoted T. rangeli A, B, C and D. The interactions of these subpopulations of the trypanosomes with different species and populations of Triatominae determine the epidemiology of the human-infecting trypanosomes in Latin America. Often, specific subpopulations of the trypanosomes are transmitted by specific vectors in a particular geographic area. Studies centered on trypanosome-triatomine interaction may allow identification of co-evolutionary processes, which, in turn, could consolidate hypotheses of the evolution and the distribution of T. cruzi/T. rangeli-vectors in America, and they may help to identify the mechanisms that either facilitate or impede the transmission of the parasites in different vector species. Such mechanisms seem to involve intestinal bacteria, especially the symbionts which are needed by the triatomines to complete nymphal development and to produce eggs. Development of the symbionts is regulated by the vector. T. cruzi and T. rangeli interfere with this system and induce the production of antibacterial substances. Whereas T. cruzi is only subpathogenic for the insect host, T. rangeli strongly affects species of the genus Rhodnius and this pathogenicity seems based on a reduction of the number of symbionts.
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Cabrine-Santos M, Ferreira KA, Tosi LR, Lages-Silva E, Ramírez LE, Pedrosa AL. Karyotype variability in KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains of Trypanosoma rangeli isolated in Brazil and Colombia. Acta Trop 2009; 110:57-64. [PMID: 19283897 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the molecular karyotypes of 12 KP1(+) and KP1(-) Trypanosoma rangeli strains were determined and 10 different molecular markers were hybridized to the chromosomes of the parasite, including seven obtained from T. rangeli [ubiquitin hydrolase (UH), a predicted serine/threonine protein kinase (STK), hexose transporter, hypothetical protein, three anonymous sequences] and three from Trypanosoma cruzi [ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2), ribosomal RNA methyltransferase (rRNAmtr), proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 (PSMD6)]. Despite intraspecific variation, analysis of the karyotype profiles permitted the division of the T. rangeli strains into two groups coinciding with the KP1(+) and KP1(-) genotypes. Southern blot hybridization showed that, except for the hexose transporter probe, all other probes produced distinct patterns able to differentiate the KP1(+) and KP1(-) genotypes. The UH, STK and An-1A04 probes exclusively hybridized to the chromosomes of KP1(+) strains and can be used as markers of this group. In addition, the UBE2, rRNAmtr and PSMD6 markers, which are present in a conserved region in all trypanosomatid species sequenced so far, co-hybridized to the same T. rangeli chromosomal bands, suggesting the occurrence of gene synteny in these species. The finding of distinct molecular karyotypes in KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains of T. rangeli is noteworthy and might be used as a new approach to the study of genetic variability in this parasite. Together with the Southern blot hybridization results, these findings demonstrate that differences at the kDNA level might be associated with variations in nuclear DNA.
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Interacción tripanosoma-vector-vertebrado y su relación con la sistemática y la epidemiología de la tripanosomiasis americana. BIOMEDICA 2007. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v27i1.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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De Stefani Marquez D, Rodrigues-Ottaiano C, Mônica Oliveira R, Pedrosa AL, Cabrine-Santos M, Lages-Silva E, Ramírez LE. Susceptibility of different triatomine species to Trypanosoma rangeli experimental infection. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2007; 6:50-6. [PMID: 16584327 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli is a kinetoplastid protozoan parasite that has been found in the majority of Latin American countries, overlapping its distribution area with that of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. This parasite shares the same reservoirs and vectors as T. cruzi. Triatomines from genus Rhodnius are considered the most susceptible hosts to infection. In this work, we report the susceptibility of different triatomine species (Rhodnius neglectus, Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma infestans, T. sordida, T. braziliensis, and T. vitticeps) to experimental infection by T. rangeli isolated from Didelphis albiventris in a highly endemic region for Chagas disease. An intense parasitism was evidenced in feces (56% to 81%) of the majority of the species studied on the 10th day after infection, decreasing during the period of the experiment (30 days). T. vitticeps did not present parasites in feces at any time. All triatomine species presented parasites in the hemolymph. In T. vitticeps and P. megistus, this parasitism was scarce (6.3% and 6.6%, respectively). In the other species, the parasitism was variable (62.5% to 100%). Triatomine mortality varied between 3% to 40%, increasing during the infection in all species studied. The lowest mortality was observed for T. infestans. Also, we showed that only trypomastigotes forms from salivary glands, and hemolymph were infective for mice. We conclude that all triatomine species used were susceptible to infection by T. rangeli at different levels. There was no direct correlation between intensity of parasitism and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Stefani Marquez
- Disciplina de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Cuervo C, López MC, Puerta C. The Trypanosoma rangeli histone H2A gene sequence serves as a differential marker for KP1 strains. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2006; 6:401-9. [PMID: 16504597 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 01/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli has recently been divided in two primary lineages denoted as KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains because of epidemiological and evolutionary interest in the molecular differentiation of these two groups. We report the molecular characterization of the genes encoding histone H2A protein from a T. rangeli KP1(+) strain (H14), its comparison to T. rangeli KP1(-) strain (C23) histone H2A coding genes [Puerta, C., Cuervo, P., Thomas, M.C., López, M.C., 2000. Molecular characterization of the histone H2A gene from the parasite Trypanosoma rangeli. Parasitol. Res. 86, 916-922], and its application in a low-stringency single specific primer polymerase chain reaction (LSSP-PCR) assay to differentiate these parasite groups. The results show that the locus encoding the H2A protein in the H14 strain is formed by at least 11 gene units measuring 799 nucleotides in length, organized in tandem, and located in two chromosomes of approximately 1.9 and 1.1Mb in size. Remarkably, in KP1(-) strains these genes are on pairs of chromosomes of about 1.7 and 1.9Mb. In addition, there is a hybridization signal in the compression region above 2.1Mb in all T. rangeli strains. Therefore, the chromosomal location of these genes is a useful marker to distinguish between KP1(+) and KP1(-) T. rangeli strains. The alignment of the H2A nucleotide sequences from H14 and C23 strains showed an identity of 99.5% between the coding regions and an identity of 95% between the non-coding regions. The deduced amino acid sequences proved to be identical. Based on 5% of the difference between the intergenic regions, we developed a LSSP-PCR assay which can differentiate between KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cuervo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 43-82, Edificio 50, Laboratorio 113, Bogotá, Colombia
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13
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Diez H, Thomas MC, Urueña CP, Santander SP, Cuervo CL, López MC, Puerta CJ. Molecular characterization of the kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 genes from the parasite Trypanosoma rangeli. Parasitology 2005; 130:643-51. [PMID: 15977901 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004006936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatids are early divergent parasites which include several species of medical interest. Trypanosoma rangeli is not pathogenic for humans but shows a high immunological cross-reactivity with Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease that affects more than 17 million people throughout the world. Recent studies have suggested that T. cruzi KMP-11 antigen could be a good candidate for the induction of immunoprotective cytotoxic responses against T. cruzi natural infection. In the present paper the genes coding for the T. rangeli kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 have been characterized. The results show that the locus encoding this protein is formed by 4 gene units measuring 550 nucleotides in length, organized in tandem, and located in different chromosomes in KP1(+) and KP1(-) strains. The gene units are transcribed as a single mRNA of 530 nucleotides in length. Alignment of the T. rangeli KMP-11 deduced amino acid sequence with the homologous KMP-11 protein from T. cruzi revealed an identity of 97%. Interestingly, the T and B cell epitopes of the T. cruzi KMP-11 protein are conserved in the T. rangeli KMP-11 amino acid sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Diez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7a No 43-82, Edificio 50, Laboratorio 113, Bogotá, Colombia
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14
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Urrea DA, Carranza JC, Cuba CAC, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Guhl F, Schofield CJ, Triana O, Vallejo GA. Molecular characterisation of Trypanosoma rangeli strains isolated from Rhodnius ecuadoriensis in Peru, R. colombiensis in Colombia and R. pallescens in Panama, supports a co-evolutionary association between parasites and vectors. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2005; 5:123-9. [PMID: 15639744 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2004] [Revised: 07/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We present data on the molecular characterisation of strains of Trypanosoma rangeli isolated from naturally infected Rhodnius ecuadoriensis in Peru, from Rhodnius colombiensis, Rhodnius pallescens and Rhodnius prolixus in Colombia, and from Rhodnius pallescens in Panama. Strain characterisation involved a duplex PCR with S35/S36/KP1L primers. Mini-exon gene analysis was also carried out using TrINT-1/TrINT-2 oligonucleotides. kDNA and mini-exon amplification indicated dimorphism within both DNA sequences: (i) KP1, KP2 and KP3 or (ii) KP2 and KP3 products for kDNA, and 380 bp or 340 bp products for the mini-exon. All T. rangeli strains isolated from R. prolixus presented KP1, KP2 and KP3 products with the 340 bp mini-exon product. By contrast, all T. rangeli strains isolated from R. ecuadoriensis, R. pallescens and R. colombiensis, presented profiles with KP2 and KP3 kDNA products and the 380 bp mini-exon product. Combined with other studies, these results provide evidence of co-evolution of T. rangeli strains associated with different Rhodnius species groups east and west of the Andean mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Urrea
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, A.A. No. 546, Ibagué, Colombia
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15
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de Santa-Izabel A, Vermelho AB, Branquinha MH. Proteolytic activities in Trypanosoma rangeli and stercorarian trypanosomes: taxonomic implications. Parasitol Res 2004; 94:342-8. [PMID: 15449181 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-004-1229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the proteinase profiles in nine Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) rangeli strains from distinct geographical regions, three T. (Schizotrypanum) cruzi reference strains and in T. (Herpetosoma) lewisi, T. (Herpetosoma) musculi and T. (Megatrypanum) conorhini samples by detection of enzyme activity on SDS-PAGE containing co-polymerized gelatin as substrate. Three different profiles of cysteine proteinase activity were detected in T. rangeli within a similar range of molecular mass. T. lewisi and T. musculi displayed a similar pattern of proteolysis, quite distinct from the ones detected in T. rangeli and in the other subgenera belonging to the stercorarian trypanosomes. Our results indicate the potential of the SDS-PAGE-gelatin technique in distinguishing between these parasites, and confirm several findings on the existence of subgroups within the T. rangeli taxon. These may represent either subspecies or distinct species. Our results also demonstrate the lack of affinity of T. rangeli with the species belonging to the subgenus Herpetosoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline de Santa-Izabel
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Departamento de Entomologia, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Trypanosoma rangeli, a parasite generally considered non-pathogenic for man, is the second species of human trypanosome to be reported from the New World. The geographical distribution of T. rangeli often overlaps with that of T. cruzi, the same vertebrate and invertebrate hosts being infected. Their differentiation thus becomes of real, practical importance, particularly as they share approximately half the antigenic determinants recognized by the humoral response. Little is known about the life cycle of T. rangeli in the vertebrate host, although thousands of human and wild animal infections have been reported. Recent studies have revealed 2 major phylogenetic lineages in T. rangeli having different characteristics, thus leading to better understanding of the epidemiology and interactions with this parasite's vertebrate hosts and triatomine vectors. Based on further genetic characterization analysis, the authors have proposed 2 alternative hypotheses and consider that T. rangeli could have had clonal evolution or have been subjected to speciation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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