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Palasio RGS, Bortoleto AN, Rosa-Xavier IG, Andrighetti MTM, Tuan R, Chiaravalloti-Neto F. Schistosomiasis in the Middle Paranapanema river region, state of São Paulo, Brazil: Does it matter today for public health? Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180447. [PMID: 31271615 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0447-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Middle Paranapanema watershed is known for the transmission of schistosomiasis, and there have been autochthonous cases since 1952. This study aimed to describe this disease in space and time and evaluate its current importance as a public health problem. METHODS Thematic maps showing the risk areas for transmission of schistosomiasis, using scan statistics, and flow maps were created in the period 1978-2016. Incidence was calculated, and the existence of spatial dependence between autochthonous and imported cases was evaluated using Ripley's K12-function. Species of snails were identified in high-risk clusters. RESULTS A total of 1,511 autochthonous cases were reported in eight of the 25 municipalities in the study area, of which 92.8% occurred in Ourinhos. A total of 2,189 imported cases were reported (27% in Ourinhos and 20% in Assis), mainly originating in the states of Paraná and Minas Gerais. Clusters of autochthonous and imported cases with higher risk were identified in Ourinhos, Assis and Ipaussu. However, over the years, the cases began to occur in low density in Ourinhos and no longer in other municipalities in the region. The cluster detected in the period 2007-2016 in Ourinhos still has risk for the transmission of schistosomiasis. K12-function analysis indicated positive spatial dependence between autochthonous and imported cases. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that, currently, schistosomiasis as a public health problem in Middle Paranapanema is restricted to Ourinhos. This fact may be related to the presence of Biomphalaria glabrata at a specific point and low coverage of basic sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gardini Sanches Palasio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Nazaré Bortoleto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Roseli Tuan
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Chiaravalloti-Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Monte TCDC, Chometon TQ, Bertho AL, de Moura VS, de Vasconcellos MC, Garcia J, Ferraz-Nogueira R, Maldonado Júnior A, Faro MJ. Changes in hemocytes of Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Echinostoma paraensei and exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 160:67-75. [PMID: 30513285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The immune system of snails is highly sensitive to pollutants, which can suppress its immune response. We investigated the effects of exposure to the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup® Original on the snail Biomphalaria glabrata infected by the platyhelminth Echinostoma paraensei by evaluating changes in the snail's internal defense system. Four cohorts were studied: control group, infected snails, snails treated with Roundup®, and snails infected and treated with Roundup®. The hemocyte viability was assessed, morphological differentiation of cells was observed and flow cytometry was performed to determine the morphology, viability and the lectin expression profiles. The frequencies of dead hemocytes were lower in the infected group and higher in both pesticide treated groups. Three cell types were identified: blast-like cells, hyalinocytes and granulocytes. The highest number of all types of hemocytes, as well as the highest number of dead cells, were observed in the infected, pesticide-treated group. The association between infection and herbicide exposure greatly increased the frequency of dead hemocytes, suggesting that this condition impairs the internal defense system of B. glabrata making the snails more vulnerable to parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainá C de C Monte
- Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaize Quiroga Chometon
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa S de Moura
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Juberlan Garcia
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Ferraz-Nogueira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Flow Cytometry Cell Sorting Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Maldonado Júnior
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marta Julia Faro
- Laboratory of Biology and Parasitology of Wild Mammal Reservoirs, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Zip code: 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Use of indicator kriging to investigate schistosomiasis in minas gerais state, Brazil. J Trop Med 2012; 2012:837428. [PMID: 22291716 PMCID: PMC3265113 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are composed of useful tools to map and to model the spatial distribution of events that have geographic importance as schistosomiasis. This paper is a review of the use the indicator kriging, implemented on the Georeferenced Information Processing System (SPRING) to make inferences about the prevalence of schistosomiasis and the presence of the species of Biomphalaria, intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, in areas without this information, in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The results were two maps. The first one was a map of Biomphalaria species, and the second was a new map of estimated prevalence of schistosomiasis. The obtained results showed that the indicator kriging can be used to better allocate resources for study and control of schistosomiasis in areas with transmission or the possibility of disease transmission.
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Tibiriçá SHC, Mitterofhe A, Castro MFD, Lima ADC, Gonçalves M, Pinheiro IDO, Freitas CDC, Guimarães RJPDSE, Carvalho ODS, Coimbra ES. Malacological survey of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:163-7. [PMID: 21556490 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing practice of ecotourism and rural tourism in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, highlights the importance of studies concerning the occurrence of potential intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. This study aimed to identify species of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real, an important Brazilian tourism project. METHODS The specimens were collected in different water collections of 36 municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais. Biomphalaria species were characterized using both morphological and molecular approaches. The research was conducted between August 2005 and September 2009 and all the sites visited were georeferenced using GPS. RESULTS Six Biomphalaria species were found in 30 of the 36 municipalities studied: glabrata, tenagophila, straminea, peregrina, occidentalis and schrammi. The first three species of Biomphalaria, recognized as intermediate hosts of S. mansoni, were present in 33.3%, 47.2% and 8.3% of the municipalities studied, respectively. The mollusks were found in different types of water collections and no infection by S. mansoni was detected. The highest occurrence of Biomphalaria concentration was verified in the area covered by the Caminho Novo route (Diamantina/MG to Rio de Janeiro/RJ). CONCLUSIONS Considering the occurrence of schistosomiasis in the State of Minas Gerais and the socioeconomic repercussions involved in the Estrada Real Project, this work focuses on the vulnerability of water collections due to the presence of Biomphalaria mollusks and emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and educational measures integrated with the local community and tourism sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Helena Cerrato Tibiriçá
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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Guimarães RJPS, Freitas CC, Dutra LV, Scholte RGC, Amaral RS, Drummond SC, Shimabukuro YE, Oliveira GC, Carvalho OS. Evaluation of a linear spectral mixture model and vegetation indices (NDVI and EVI) in a study of schistosomiasis mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata distribution in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2010; 105:512-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Tibiriçá SHC, Bessa ECA, Mittherofhe A, Castro MFD, Carvalho ODS, Caldeira RL, Passos LKJ, Mattos AMMD, Pinheiro LS, Sacramento e Silva D, Bastos FO, Andreoli GQ, Bonato GR, Coimbra ES. Biomphalaria spp. (Preston, 1910) snails in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Zona da Mata Mineira mesoregion, ate of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2006; 101 Suppl 1:179-84. [PMID: 17308767 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762006000900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the geographic distribution of the snail of the genus Biomphalaria and evaluates its infectivity by Schistosoma mansoni in 5264 specimens collected in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Of the 31 locations studied, 6 were reservoirs, 11 rudimentary holding ponds, 7 irrigation ditches, 5 lakes, 1 ornamental pond, and 1 waterfall. Intermediate hosts were found only in the rudimentary ponds and ditches, which were 100% positive. Using morphological and molecular analysis techniques, B. tenagophila, B. peregrina, and B. straminea were identified. This is the first report of B. stramínea in the municipality, and evaluation of its infective potential revealed susceptibility of 25.4%. Although we did not find specimens of Biomphalaria infected by S. mansoni, the data obtained indicate the presence of intermediate hosts, especially in the irrigation ditches in Juiz de Fora, and their proximity to contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Helena Cerrato Tibiriçá
- Diretoria de Ações Descentralizadas da Saúde/Juiz de Fora, Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Thiengo SC, Santos SB, Fernandez MA. Malacofauna límnica da área de influência do lago da usina hidrelétrica de Serra da Mesa, Goiás, Brasil.: I. Estudo qualitativo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0101-81752005000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A esquistossomose é uma importante doença endêmica associada a mudanças ambientais causadas por grandes projetos econômicos, tais como a construção de usinas hidrelétricas. A dificuldade de se prever o surgimento de focos de esquistossomose associados com estes empreendimentos e a existência de condições peculiares em cada tipo de projeto requerem estudos em cada uma dessas áreas, de forma a serem implementadas medidas preventivas adequadas. O número crescente de barragens no país é preocupante pois, além de criarem condições propícias ao desenvolvimento dos moluscos vetores, aumentam a população local e o turismo. Nessas áreas, a Organização Mundial de Saúde e a Fundação Nacional de Saúde recomendam ações preventivas contra a instalação de focos de esquistossomose, dentre elas, o monitoramento das populações de moluscos. Neste trabalho são apresentados dados obtidos por nossa equipe na área da Usina Hidrelétrica de Serra da Mesa (UHSM), Goiás, onde levantamentos qualitativos e quantitativos da malacofauna límnica foram realizados de 1997 a 2004, com o principal objetivo de investigar a ocorrência e a distribuição das espécies de interesse médico e veterinário. Vinte e oito espécies, pertencentes a nove diferentes famílias foram encontradas. Além de documentar novas ocorrências no Estado, é também apresentada a distribuição de duas espécies de importância médica, Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) e Lymnaea columella Say, 1817, bem como de duas espécies exóticas, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) e Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774).
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Abstract
No Brasil, índices elevados da esquistossomose mansônica correspondem, na grande maioria dos casos, à presença da espécie Biomphalaria glabrata, principal transmissora do Schistosoma mansoni, nas localidades endêmicas. Foi realizado estudo em 40 municípios endêmicos do Estado de Alagoas, com o objetivo de verificar a existência da espécie e sua importância na manutenção da esquistossomose nesse Estado. Desses municípios, 28 são pertencentes à mesorregião do leste Alagoano e 12 à mesorregião do Agreste Alagoano. Os moluscos procederam de diversos tipos de criadouros: riachos, córregos, valas, açudes, brejos e poços. As coletas foram realizadas no período de fevereiro de 1996 a dezembro de 1998. Para a identificação de Biomphalaria glabrata, foi efetuado o exame anatômico das partes moles, após remoção das conchas. A detecção de cercárias do Schistosoma mansoni foi realizada através da técnica de esmagamento, calculando-se o percentual de infecção. Em 32 (80%) dos municípios estudados foi encontrada Biomphalaria glabrata, seis deles apresentando moluscos infectados com cercárias do parasita. Penedo apresentou a maior (6,6%) taxa de infecção, seguindo-se Ibateguara (5,6%). Taxas menores foram observadas em Chã Preta (2,7%), em Murici (2,5%), Porto Real do Colégio (0,1%) e Igreja Nova (0,1%). O inquérito copro-parasitológico efetuado pela Fundação Nacional de Saúde em 1997, 1998/1999 e 2000, confirmou a importância da endemia nessas regiões do Estado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janira Lúcia Assumpção Couto
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, R. Desp. Humberto Guimarães 191/102, Ponta Verde, 57035-030 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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Kloos H, Passos LKJ, Loverde P, Oliveira RC, Gazzinelli A. Distribution and Schistosoma mansoni infection of Biomphalaria glabrata in different habitats in a rural area in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil: environmental and epidemiological aspects. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2004; 99:673-81. [PMID: 15654420 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762004000700002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the distribution and infection of Biomphalaria glabrata with Schistosoma mansoni in all aquatic snail habitats in a rural area in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in relation to physico/biotic and behavioral factors. Snail and environmental surveys were carried out semi-annually between July 2001 and November 2002 at 106 sites. Collected snails were examined in the laboratory for infection. B. glabrata densities were highest in overflow ponds, irrigation ponds, springs, canals and wells, and lowest in fishponds and water tanks. Snail densities were higher during the hot, rainy season except for streams and canals and were statistically associated with the presence of fish, pollution, and vegetation density. Tilapia fish and an unidentified Diptera larva were found to be predators of B. glabrata but ducks were not. Twenty-four of the 25 infected snails were collected in 2001(1.4% infection rate) and only one in 2002, after mass chemotherapy. The occurrence of B. glabrata in all 11 snail habitats both at and away from water contact sites studied indicates widespread risk of human infection in the study area. In spite of the strong association between B. glabrata and tilapia in fishponds we do not recommend its use in schistosomiasis control for ecological reasons and its relative inefficiency in streams and dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kloos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Massara CL, Carvalho ODS, Caldeira RL, Jannotti-Passos LK, Schall VT. First report on the presence of Biomphalaria straminea in the municipality of Jaboticatubas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2003; 97 Suppl 1:27-9. [PMID: 12426590 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report on occurrence of Biomphalaria straminea in the district of São José de Almeida (municipality of Jaboticatubas) State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The presence of B. glabrata and B. tenagophila had already been reported in this area. Such municipality is part of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte and comprises 60% of the Tourist Complex of Serra do Cipó. Since the 1950s throughout the 1990s, a schistosomiasis prevalence ranging from 15 to 40% has been observed. Although no B. straminea specimen has been found naturally infected in the region, descendants of these snails collected in the area, showed to be experimentally susceptible to Schistosoma mansoni infection reaching rates from 14.6 to 28.6%. Even not being found naturally infected, in the State of Minas Gerais, the possibility that the species B. straminea may keep endemicity foci of schistosomiasis should be regarded, as in the Northeastern region of Brazil where the high density of this planorbid and the social-economic and sanitary conditions enable to the transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Lara Massara
- Laboratório de Helmintoses Intestinais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brasil.
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