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Langgut D. Mid-7th century BC human parasite remains from Jerusalem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2022; 36:1-6. [PMID: 34781239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the species of intestinal parasites present in 7th century BC high-status residents of Jerusalem and to expose the history of regional health and sanitary conditions. MATERIALS Fifteen sediment samples were collected from the cesspit below a stone toilet seat found at the site of Armon Hanatziv, southern Jerusalem. The toilet installation was located in a garden adjacent to a monumental structure with extraordinary architectural elements. METHODS A light microscope was used to identify and measure the eggs. RESULTS The presence of four intestinal parasite egg taxa was detected: Trichuris trichiura (whipworm), Taenia sp. (beef/pork tapeworm), Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), and Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). This is the earliest appearance of roundworm and pinworm in the ancient Israel parasitological record. CONCLUSIONS Findings reveal that intestinal parasitic diseases most likely caused by poor sanitary conditions were a human problem in the Late Iron Age of Israel, affecting even high-status groups. SIGNIFICANCE The study demonstrates the potential of archaeoparasitological investigations to expand our knowledge of the origin and history of regional infections. Moreover, parasitological evidence enabled us to determine the purpose of the cubical perforated stone artifacts (stone toilet seats rather than cultic objects as currently debated). LIMITATIONS The eggs of some parasite taxa are less durable, so may theoretically be absent due to selective preservation. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Future excavations of ancient Israel should include archaeoparasitological studies of rare toilet installations to prevent information loss of regional history of diseases and to better understand their archaeological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafna Langgut
- The Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Ancient Environments. Institute of Archaeology and The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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2
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Li Q, Zhu C, Deng B, Ma W, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Peng Z, Hu Z, Wang B. Development of Immunochromatographic Strip Assays Based on a Tailored Monoclonal Antibody for the on-Site Characterization of Ancient Silk. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1843173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bozhi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hailing Zheng
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Hu
- Institute of Conservation Materials, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Palaeoparasitology and palaeogenetics: review and perspectives for the study of ancient human parasites. Parasitology 2017; 145:656-664. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118201700141x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYWhile some species of parasites can be identified to species level from archaeological remains using microscopy (i.e.Enterobius vermicularis,Clonorchis sinensis), others can only be identified to family or genus level as different species produce eggs with similar morphology (i.e.Tæniasp. andEchinococcussp.). Molecular and immunological approaches offer the possibility to provide more precise determination at the species level. They can also identify taxa when classic parasite markers such as eggs or cysts have been destroyed over time. However, biomolecules can be poorly preserved and modern reference DNA is available only for a limited number of species of parasites, leading to the conclusion that classic microscopic observation should be combined with molecular analyses. Here we present a review of the molecular approaches used over the past two decades to identify human pathogenic helminths (Ascarissp.,Trichurissp.,E. vermicularis,Fasciolasp. etc.) or protists (Giardiasp.,Trypanosomasp.,Leishmaniasp. etc.). We also discuss the prospects for studying the evolution of parasites with genetics and genomics.
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You Q, Liu M, Liu Y, Zheng H, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Wang B. Lanthanide-Labeled Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for the On-Site Identification of Ancient Silk. ACS Sens 2017; 2:569-575. [PMID: 28723195 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The on-site identification of ancient silks has long been a key challenge in archeology. Therefore, a rapid, cost-effective, sensitive analytical approach is highly desirable. In this paper, a lanthanide-labeled immunochromatographic strip which is suitable for the on-site identification of ancient silks is described. Compared with the conventional colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip, this strip shows much higher analytical sensitivity and better quantitative discrimination. The limit of detection (LOD) of the strip for silk fibroin (SF) was calculated as 8.09 ng/mL, approximately 185 times lower than that of the colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip. No cross-reactions with other possible interfering antigens were observed. Moreover, the strip also shows good reproducibility, with a mean recovery of 94.15-102.55% and coefficient of variation of 5.22-17.57% in the repeated tests. Based on the advantages of portability and cost-effectiveness, as well as sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, the lanthanide-labeled immunochromatographic strip is a promising tool for on-site detection of ancient relics in archeological fieldwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hailing Zheng
- Key
Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration
for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | | | - Yang Zhou
- Key
Scientific Research Base of Textile Conservation, State Administration
for Cultural Heritage, China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou 310002, China
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Borba Nunes VH, Alcover JA, Silva VL, Cruz PB, Machado-Silva JR, de Araújo AJG. Paleoparasitological analysis of the extinct Myotragus balearicus Bate 1909 (Artiodactyla, Caprinae) from Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean). Parasitol Int 2017; 66:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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6
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Morrow JJ, Reinhard KJ. Assessing the Archaeoparasitological Potential of Quids As a Source Material for Immunodiagnostic Analyses. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:605-616. [PMID: 27853117 PMCID: PMC5127539 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, quids from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to ELISA tests for 2 protozoan parasites, Toxoplasma gondii (n=45) and Trypanosoma cruzi (n=43). The people who occupied CMC, the Loma San Gabriel, lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The known pathoecology of these people puts them into at-risk categories for the transmission of T. gondii and T. cruzi. Human antibodies created in response to these 2 parasites can be detected in modern saliva using ELISA kits intended for use with human serum. For these reasons, quids were reconstituted and subjected to ELISA testing. All test wells yielded negative results. These results could be a factor of improper methods because there is no precedence for this work in the existing literature. The results could equally be a simple matter of parasite absence among those people who occupied CMC. A final consideration is the taphonomy of human antibodies and whether or not ELISA is a sufficient method for recovering antibodies from archaeological contexts. An additional ELISA test targeting secretory IgA (sIgA) was conducted to further examine the failure to detect parasite-induced antibodies from quids. Herein, the methods used for quid preparation and ELISA procedures are described so that they can be further developed by future researchers. The results are discussed in light of the potential future of quid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnica J Morrow
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0962, USA
| | - Karl J Reinhard
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0962, USA
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Seo M, Chai JY, Kim MJ, Shim SY, Ki HC, Shin DH. Detection Trend of Helminth Eggs in the Strata Soil Samples from Ancient Historic Places of Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:555-563. [PMID: 27853112 PMCID: PMC5127532 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.5.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
For several years, we have conducted a series of studies on the patterns of ancient parasitism prevailing in the soil of rural and urban areas of past Kingdom of Korea. Actually, during our survey of paleoparasitology in archaeological sites of Korean peninsula, numerous ancient parasite eggs were discovered in the samples from the city districts of Hansung (Joseon) and Buyeo (Baikje), the palace moat at Gyeongju (Silla), shell-midden site at Bonghwang-dong (Silla to Joseon), and the reservoir found in Hwawangsansung fortress (Silla). By the paleoparasitological studies, with respect to parasitism in the high-density populations of ancient towns and cities, we have managed to catch glimpses of the patterns prevalent therein: a serious parasitic contamination of the soil in ancient urban areas, but not in rural areas of the past. Our historical research also proposed the plausible mechanism of parasite infection very serious indeed among urban populations in Korean history. Although city dwelling doubtless has accrued significant benefits for people and populations with agriculture, it can be equally supposed that living in such highly populated areas might have facilitated the spread of parasite infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo
- Department of Parasitology and Research Center for Mummy, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jong-Yil Chai
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.,Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul 07653, Korea
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sang Yuk Shim
- Buyeo Cultural Heritage Center, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 33193, Korea
| | - Ho Chul Ki
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy/Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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8
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Liu Y, Li Y, Chang R, Zheng H, Li M, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Wang B. Identification of Proteinaceous Binders in Ancient Tripitaka by the Use of an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL SCI 2016; 32:735-40. [PMID: 27396653 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Proteinaceous materials, such as ovabumin and collagen, were commonly used as binding media, and as adhesives and protective coatings. However, the identification of ancient proteinaceous binders is a great challenge for archaeologists, due to their limited sample size, complex combinations of various ingredients and reduced availability of the binder during the process of protein degradation. In this paper, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) provides to be a particularly promising method for the detection of proteinaceous binding materials in ancient relics. The present work focused on the specific identification of proteins in archaeological binders, which was brushed on the Tripitaka. Two samples, the adhesion area (S1) and the ink area (S2), were tested by ELISA. The results showed that both S1 and S2 reacted positively when treated with an anti-collagen-I antibody. It proved the existence of proteinaceous binders in Ancient Tripitaka, and the percentage of collagen in S1 and S2 was 61.44 and 15.4%, respectively. Compared with other conventional techniques, ELISA has advantages of high specificity, sensitivity, rapidity and low cost, making it especially suitable for the protein detection in the archaeological field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
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9
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Morrow JJ, Reinhard KJ. Cryptosporidium parvum Among Coprolites from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (600-800 CE), Rio Zape Valley, Durango, Mexico. J Parasitol 2016; 102:429-35. [PMID: 27098916 DOI: 10.1645/15-916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
: In the present study, 90 coprolites from La Cueva de los Muertos Chiquitos (CMC) were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for 3 diarrhea-inducing protozoan parasites, Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia duodenalis , and Cryptosporidium parvum , to determine whether these parasites were present among the people who utilized this cave 1,200-1,400 yr ago. These people, the Loma San Gabriel, developed as a culture out of the Archaic Los Caracoles population and lived throughout much of present-day Durango and Zacatecas in Mexico. The Loma San Gabriel persisted through a mixed subsistence strategy of hunting-gathering and agricultural production. The results of ELISA testing were negative for both E. histolytica and G. duodenalis across all coprolites. A total of 66/90 (∼73% prevalence) coprolites tested positive or likely positive for C. parvum . The high prevalence of C. parvum among CMC coprolites contributes to our growing knowledge of the pathoecology among the Loma San Gabriel who utilized CMC. Herein, we report the successful recovery of C. parvum coproantigens from prehistoric coprolites. The recovery of these coproantigens demonstrates the existence of C. parvum in Mesoamerica before European contact in the 1400s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnica J Morrow
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0962
| | - Karl J Reinhard
- Pathoecology Laboratory, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0962
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Le Bailly M, Romon T, Kacki S. New Evidence ofEntamoeba histolyticaInfections in Pre-Columbian and Colonial Cemeteries in the Caribbean. J Parasitol 2014; 100:684-6. [DOI: 10.1645/13-476.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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11
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Myšková E, Ditrich O, Sak B, Kváč M, Cymbalak T. Detection of Ancient DNA ofEncephalitozoon intestinalis(Microsporidia) in Archaeological Material. J Parasitol 2014; 100:356-9. [DOI: 10.1645/13-232.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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12
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Frías L, Leles D, Araújo A. Studies on protozoa in ancient remains--a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 108:1-12. [PMID: 23440107 PMCID: PMC3974329 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleoparasitological research has made important contributions to the understanding of parasite evolution and ecology. Although parasitic protozoa exhibit a worldwide distribution, recovering these organisms from an archaeological context is still exceptional and relies on the availability and distribution of evidence, the ecology of infectious diseases and adequate detection techniques. Here, we present a review of the findings related to protozoa in ancient remains, with an emphasis on their geographical distribution in the past and the methodologies used for their retrieval. The development of more sensitive detection methods has increased the number of identified parasitic species, promising interesting insights from research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Frías
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Jaeger LH, Taglioretti V, Fugassa MH, Dias O, Neto J, Iñiguez AM. Paleoparasitological results from XVIII century human remains from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Acta Trop 2013. [PMID: 23200641 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paleoparasitological studies of the Brazilian colonial period are scarce. A paleoparasitological analysis was performed on human remains from the archeological site Praça XV Cemetery in Rio de Janeiro, dating from the early 18th to 19th Centuries. The samples were obtained from the Institute of the Brazilian Archaeology collection, and showed evidence of washing and brushing. Sediments were extracted from sacral foramina by scraping. Sediments from skulls were used as negative paleoparasitological controls. Spontaneous sedimentation method was performed prior to microscopic analysis. The results revealed that 8 of 10 individuals were infected with intestinal helminths and/or protozoa. Eggs of the nematodes Trichuris sp. and Ascaris sp. as well as a single taeniid egg were found. Protozoa cysts suggestive of Entamoeba sp. were also observed. Trichuris sp. was the most frequent and abundant parasite, found in 70% of individuals (26 eggs). The study showed the importance of analysis of sediment from human remains preserved in museum or scientific collections, even those subjected to a curating procedure. The levels of infection revealed here should be considered underestimations. This is the first paleoparasitological study from Rio de Janeiro city for the Brazilian colonial period and the first report of human Taenia sp. in the New World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microorganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Le Bailly M, Gonçalves MLC, Harter-Lailheugue S, Prodéo F, Araujo A, Bouchet F. New finding of Giardia intestinalis (Eukaryote, Metamonad) in Old World archaeological site using immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:298-300. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008005000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Le Bailly
- Université de Reims, France; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Prodéo
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives, France
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