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Nisimura LM, Ferreira RR, Coelho LL, de Oliveira GM, Gonzaga BM, Meuser-Batista M, Lannes-Vieira J, Araujo-Jorge T, Garzoni LR. Vascular Growth Factor Inhibition with Bevacizumab Improves Cardiac Electrical Alterations and Fibrosis in Experimental Acute Chagas Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1414. [PMID: 37998013 PMCID: PMC10669550 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi is a neglected illness and a major reason for cardiomyopathy in endemic areas. The existing therapy generally involves trypanocidal agents and therapies that control cardiac alterations. However, there is no treatment for the progressive cardiac remodeling that is characterized by inflammation, microvasculopathy and extensive fibrosis. Thus, the search for new therapeutic strategies aiming to inhibit the progression of cardiac injury and failure is necessary. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is the most potent regulator of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and has been implicated in inducing exacerbated angiogenesis and fibrosis in chronic inflammatory diseases. Since cardiac microvasculopathy in CD is also characterized by exacerbated angiogenesis, we investigated the effect of inhibition of the VEGF signaling pathway using a monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab) on cardiac remodeling and function. Swiss Webster mice were infected with Y strain, and cardiac morphological and molecular analyses were performed. We found that bevacizumab significantly increased survival, reduced inflammation, improved cardiac electrical function, diminished angiogenesis, decreased myofibroblasts in cardiac tissue and restored collagen levels. This work shows that VEGF is involved in cardiac microvasculopathy and fibrosis in CD and the inhibition of this factor could be a potential therapeutic strategy for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindice Mitie Nisimura
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
| | - Roberto Rodrigues Ferreira
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
- Laboratory of Applied Genomics and Bioinnovations, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LAGABI-IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Laura Lacerda Coelho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
| | - Gabriel Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LBC-IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Beatriz Matheus Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
| | - Marcelo Meuser-Batista
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Biology of the Interactions, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LBI-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Tania Araujo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.M.N.); (R.R.F.); (L.L.C.); (B.M.G.); (M.M.-B.); (T.A.-J.)
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Nisimura LM, Ferreira RR, Coelho LL, de Souza EM, Gonzaga BM, Ferrão PM, Waghabi MC, de Mesquita LB, Pereira MCDS, Moreira ODC, Lannes-Vieira J, Garzoni LR. Increased angiogenesis parallels cardiac tissue remodelling in experimental acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e220005. [PMID: 36417626 PMCID: PMC9677593 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis has been implicated in tissue injury in several noninfectious diseases, but its role in Chagas disease (CD) physiopathology is unclear. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Trypanosoma cruzi infection on cardiac angiogenesis during the acute phase of experimental CD. METHODS The signalling pathway involved in blood vessel formation and cardiac remodelling was evaluated in Swiss Webster mice infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi. The levels of molecules involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), Flk-1, phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (pERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), CD31, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and also the blood vessel growth were analysed during T. cruzi infection. Hearts were analysed using conventional histopathology, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. FINDINGS In this study, our data demonstrate that T. cruzi acute infection in mice induces exacerbated angiogenesis in the heart and parallels cardiac remodelling. In comparison with noninfected controls, the cardiac tissue of T. cruzi-infected mice presented higher levels of (i) HIF-1α, VEGF-A, Flk-1 and pERK; (ii) angiogenesis; (iii) α-SMA+ cells in the tissue; and (iv) collagen -1 deposition around blood vessels and infiltrating throughout the myocardium. MAIN CONCLUSIONS We observed cardiac angiogenesis during acute experimental T. cruzi infection parallels cardiac inflammation and remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindice Mitie Nisimura
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Roberto Rodrigues Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Laura Lacerda Coelho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elen Mello de Souza
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Matheus Gonzaga
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Mello Ferrão
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana Caldas Waghabi
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Liliane Batista de Mesquita
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Otacilio da Cruz Moreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia das Interações, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Garzoni
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil,+ Corresponding author:
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Francisco JS, Terra MABL, Klein GCT, Dias de Oliveira BCEP, Pelajo-Machado M. The hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis during experimental murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955034. [PMID: 36091027 PMCID: PMC9453041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Many years ago, our research group has demonstrated extramedullary hematopoiesis in the peripheral zone of murine hepatic schistosomal granulomas. In the present study, we revisit this phenomenon using new technical and conceptual approaches. Therefore, newborn mice were percutaneously infected by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and euthanized between 35- and 60-days post infection. Liver samples were submitted to histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses. Cells under mitosis and/or expressing Ki67 demonstrated the proliferation of hematopoietic cells both around the parasite's eggs trapped in the liver and around hepatic vessels. After 50 days post infection, proliferating cells at different levels on differentiation were located preferentially in the peripheral zone of the granulomas, around the vessels and inside the sinusoids. The presence of acidic and sulfated glycoconjugates, reticular fibers and the absence of fibronectin characterized the microenvironment for attraction and maintenance of hematopoiesis. Some neutrophils secreted MMP9 from the earliest points of infection, indicating degradation of the extracellular matrix in regions of histolysis and a possible chemoattraction of hematopoietic stem cells to the liver. Fall-3+ cells and Sca-1+ cells indicated that early hematopoietic progenitors could be mobilized to the liver. Groups of vWF+ megakaryocytes suggest chemoattraction of these cells and/or migration, proliferation, and differentiation of very immature progenitors to this organ. The increase of blood vessels and extramedullary hematopoiesis in this environment, where markers of immature hematopoietic and endothelial cells have been identified, points to the possibility of the presence of progenitors for endothelial and hematopoietic cells in the liver during the infection. There is also the possibility of concomitant migration of more differentiated hematopoietic progenitors, that proliferate and differentiate in the liver, and the occurrence of angiogenesis caused by inflammation or release of ovular antigens that stimulate the activation and proliferation of endothelial cells. Altogether, these data increase knowledge about a murine model that is of interest for investigating the pathology of the schistosomiasis and also the dynamics of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Pelajo-Machado
- Laboratory of Pathology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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A single oral dose of celecoxib-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for treatment of different developmental stages of experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106342. [PMID: 35157841 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease, is associated with severe pathology, mortality and economic loss. The treatment and control of schistosomiasis depends mainly on a single dose of praziquantel (PZQ). Drug repurposing and nanomedicine attract great attention to improve anti-schistosomal therapy. Previously, we reported that celecoxib (CELE), the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, showed potent anti-schistosomal efficacy in an oral dose of 20 mg/kg/day for five days against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) infection in mice. The aim of the current study was to shorten the duration of CELE treatment to reach an effective single oral dose against different developmental stages of S. mansoni infection using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as nano-carriers. The latter enhance the solubility, bioavailability and drug delivery and hence can decrease the frequency of administration which is of great clinical value. CELE-loaded SLNs showed good colloidal properties, high entrapment efficiency and drug loading, sustained biphasic release pattern with excellent storage stability. The used regimen was efficient against different developmental stages of S. mansoni infection with the most pronounced effect against the juvenile stage where the worm load, the hepatic egg count and the intestinal egg count were reduced by 86.39%, 91.45% and 90.11%, respectively. Meanwhile, when targeting the invasive and the adult stages, it induced reduction in the worm load by 73.55% and 78.22%, the hepatic egg count by 69.99% and 75.39% and the intestinal egg count by 77.57% and 79.89%, respectively. Additionally, CELE-loaded SLNs caused extensive tegumental damage of adult worms and marked improvement in the liver pathology.
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Siddiqui AJ, Khan MF, Hamadou WS, Goyal M, Jahan S, Jamal A, Ashraf SA, Sharma P, Sachidanandan M, Badraoui R, Chaubey KK, Snoussi M, Adnan M. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Revealed Ivermectin as Potential Drug against Schistosoma-Associated Bladder Cancer Targeting Protein Signaling: Computational Drug Repositioning Approach. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:1058. [PMID: 34684095 PMCID: PMC8539496 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) infection, which has been linked to the development of bladder cancer. In this study, three repurposing drugs, ivermectin, arteether and praziquantel, were screened to find the potent drug-repurposing candidate against the Schistosoma-associated bladder cancer (SABC) in humans by using computational methods. The biology of most glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) proteins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is complex and multifaceted, according to recent evidence, and these proteins actively participate in many tumorigenic processes such as cell proliferation, cell survival and drug resistance. The VEGF and GSTs are now widely acknowledged as an important target for antitumor therapy. Thus, in this present study, ivermectin displayed promising inhibition of bladder cancer cells via targeting VEGF and GSTs signaling. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis revealed that ivermectin efficiently targeted the binding pockets of VEGF receptor proteins and possessed stable dynamics behavior at binding sites. Therefore, we proposed here that these compounds must be tested experimentally against VEGF and GST signaling in order to control SABC. Our study lies within the idea of discovering repurposing drugs as inhibitors against the different types of human cancers by targeting essential pathways in order to accelerate the drug development cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.H.); (A.J.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India;
| | - Walid Sabri Hamadou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.H.); (A.J.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Manish Goyal
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (M.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arshad Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.H.); (A.J.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medial Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Molecular Parasitology and Immunology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; (M.G.); (P.S.)
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manojkumar Sachidanandan
- Department of Oral Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.H.); (A.J.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1017, Tunisia
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Academic Block VI, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.H.); (A.J.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), University of Monastir, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddas BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia; (W.S.H.); (A.J.); (R.B.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
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Hasby Saad MA, El-Anwar N. Bevacizumab as a potential anti-angiogenic therapy in schistosomiasis: A double-edged, but adjustable weapon. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12724. [PMID: 32338371 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Investigating the anti-angiogenic effect of bevacizumab on chronic schistosomiasis mansoni in a trial to hinder the Schistosome-induced angiogenesis and porto-systemic shunting complications. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of CD34, VEGF-R1, PCNA and α-SMA (angiogenesis markers) was analysed in the lung, liver and gastrointestinal junctions of chronic S mansoni infected mice after intraperitoneal injection of bevacizumab. The effect of prolonged administration of bevacizumab with praziquantel was also assessed through parasitic load, protective index, granuloma and fibrous tissue evaluation. RESULTS A regression in the vascular activity and microvascular density was observed in the infected mice after receiving bevacizumab. They had a significantly less VEGF-R1, PCNA, CD-34 and α-SMA expression in comparison to the infected untreated mice. The least tissue egg count was reported in mice received bevacizumab for 6 weeks (Mean = 27 120). However, they had persistent liver granulomas, and massively amalgamated fibrosis. Interestingly, the least faecal egg and tissue worms counts (Mean = 112, 13.4), and the highest protection index (39.26) were reported in mice received bevacizumab for 3 weeks, with marked granuloma, and fibrous tissue resolution. CONCLUSIONS Bevacizumab has a promising protective effect against the Schistosoma-induced angiogenesis. As an adjuvant to praziquantel, it is important to adjust the appropriate duration of administration that achieves the best schistosomicidal effect without impeding granuloma and fibrous tissue resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hasby Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Noha El-Anwar
- Department of Pathology, Tanta University, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta, Egypt
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7
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Omar HH. Impact of chronic schistosomiasis and HBV/HCV co-infection on the liver: current perspectives. Hepat Med 2019; 11:131-136. [PMID: 31565002 PMCID: PMC6731971 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s155962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a public health problem in many countries. Its prevalence is increasing annually; the current infection rate is one in 30 individuals. The WHO reported that at least 206.4 million people all over the world required preventive treatments for schistosomiasis in 2016. Chronic schistosomiasis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection are common in countries where schistosomiasis is endemic. The effects of the hepatotropic virus co-infection may modify the Th2-dominated granulomatous phase of schistosomal infection. These viruses induce a strong-specific T cell response, with infiltration of large numbers of specific interferon-γ-producing CD8+ cells into the liver. The outcome of liver diseases depends on the underlying causes, host immune response and concomitant infections. Co-infection of schistosomiasis with HBV/HCV infection causes advanced liver disease and worsens the outcome, especially with higher viral load titers, which increase the mortality rate through an increased incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The exposure risk for HBV in patients with HCV and schistosomiasis was two and half times greater than that in CHC patients without schistosomiasis. Finally, chronic schistosomiasis and HBV/HCV co-infection have serious effects on liver pathology. Co-infection accelerates the progression of liver disease and leads to advanced liver diseases and liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Hassan Omar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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8
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Butrous G. Schistosome infection and its effect on pulmonary circulation. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2019; 2019:5. [PMID: 31024947 PMCID: PMC6472693 DOI: 10.21542/gcsp.2019.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is the most common parasitic disease associated with pulmonary hypertension. It induces remodelling via complex inflammatory processes, which eventually produce the clinical manifestation of pulmonary hypertension. The pulmonary hypertension shows clinical signs and symptoms that are not distinguishable from other forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazwan Butrous
- Professor of Cardiopulmonary Sciences, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, UK and University of Greenwich, Central Ave, Gillingham, Chatham ME4 4BF, Kent, UK
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Schwartz C, Fallon PG. Schistosoma "Eggs-Iting" the Host: Granuloma Formation and Egg Excretion. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2492. [PMID: 30459767 PMCID: PMC6232930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major cause of morbidity in humans invoked by chronic infection with parasitic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomes have a complex life-cycle involving infections of an aquatic snail intermediate host and a definitive mammalian host. In humans, adult male and female worms lie within the vasculature. Here, they propagate and eggs are laid. These eggs must then be released from the host to continue the life cycle. Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum reside in the mesenteric circulation of the intestines with egg excreted in the feces. In contrast, S. haematobium are present in the venus plexus of the bladder, expelling eggs in the urine. In an impressive case of exploitation of the host immune system, this process of Schistosome “eggs-iting” the host is immune dependent. In this article, we review the formation of the egg granuloma and explore how S. mansoni eggs laid in vasculature must usurp immunity to induce regulated inflammation, to facilitate extravasation through the intestinal wall and to be expelled in the feces. We highlight the roles of immune cell populations, stromal factors, and egg secretions in the process of egg excretion to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a vastly unexplored mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwartz
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Abd El-Aal NF, Hamza RS, Magdy M. Anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic role of praziquantel and artemether in experimental mansoniasis. Acta Parasitol 2017; 62:708-716. [PMID: 29035850 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the pillars of neoplasia. Lymphangiogenesis in context of granulomas is not yet understood. This study aimed to evaluate the role of praziquantel (PZQ) and artemether (ART) as anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic drugs in Schistosoma mansoni induced experimental hepatic model through immunohistochemical and serological studies, this can be used as a potential novel prophylactic approach in hepatic malignancy prevention and possible management. Forty female CD-1 Swiss albino mice were used divided into 4 groups (10 mice each); control healthy, control infected untreated, PZQ-treated and ART-treated. Angiogenic and lymphangiogenic effect of the drugs assessed pathologically through counting of the newly formed capillaries and lymphatics that immunohistochemically expressed by vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), CD34 and D2-40 in liver sections using Cell Image Analyzer and serologically by evaluation of serum level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α). Our results showed significant decrease in serum TNF-α in ART-treated group compared to control infected and PZQ treated groups. ART exhibited significant anti-angiogenic role on granulomas illustrated by remarkable milder intensity and significantly lower expression values of VEGF and CD34 immunostaining compared to PZQ and non-treated groups. Also, ART treated group exhibited negative D2-40 expression in the granulomas in contrast to the other groups, supporting the potent ART' anti-lymphangiogenic role that exceeded PZQ. In conclusion, ART showed not only anti-angiogenic effect but also prominent anti-lymphangiogenic effect on hepatic S. mansoni granulomas compared to PZQ. Our study supports the potential use of ART as a potential novel prophylactic approach in hepatic malignancy prevention and possible management.
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Dematei A, Fernandes R, Soares R, Alves H, Richter J, Botelho MC. Angiogenesis in Schistosoma haematobium-associated urinary bladder cancer. APMIS 2017; 125:1056-1062. [PMID: 28960560 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma haematobium, a parasitic flatworm that infects more than 100 million people, mostly in the developing world, is the causative agent of urogenital schistosomiasis, and is associated with a high incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. During infection, eggs are deposited in the bladder causing an intense inflammatory reaction. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones and is recognized as a key event in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis and spread of malignant lesions. A growing amount of evidence points to angiogenesis playing a key role in schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer. Thus, identifying biomarkers of this process plays an important role in the study of cancer. Here, we review recent findings on the role of angiogenesis in bladder cancer and the growth factors that induce and assist in their development, particularly SCC of the bladder associated to urogenital schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Dematei
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Alves
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal.,Fundação Professor Ernesto Morais, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joachim Richter
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica C Botelho
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Diseases, INSA - National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
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Azevedo CM, Solano de Freitas Souza B, Andrade de Oliveira S, Paredes BD, Barreto ES, Neto HA, Ribeiro dos Santos R, Pereira Soares MB. Bone marrow-derived cells migrate to the liver and contribute to the generation of different cell types in chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:29-36. [PMID: 26297681 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The main pathogenic event caused by Schistosoma mansoni infection is characterized by a granulomatous inflammatory reaction around parasite eggs and fibrosis in the liver. We have previously shown that transplantation of bone marrow cells (BMC) promotes a reduction in liver fibrosis in chronically S. mansoni-infected mice. Here we investigated the presence and phenotype of bone marrow-derived cells in livers of S. mansoni-infected mice. During the chronic phase of infection, C57BL/6 mice had an increased number of circulating mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood when compared to uninfected controls. In order to investigate the fate of BMC in the liver, we generated bone marrow chimeric mice by transplanting BMC from transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice into lethally irradiated wild-type C57BL/6 mice. S. mansoni-infected chimeric mice did not demonstrate increased mortality and developed similar liver histopathological features, when compared to wild-type S. mansoni-infected mice. GFP(+) bone marrow-derived cells were found in the liver parenchyma, particularly in periportal regions. CD45(+)GFP(+) cells were found in the granulomas. Flow cytometry analysis of digested liver tissue characterized GFP(+) cells as lymphocytes, myeloid cells and stem cells. GFP(+) cells were also found in areas of collagen deposition, although rare GFP(+) cells expressed the myofibroblast cell marker α-SMA. Additionally GFP(+) endothelial cells (co-stained with von Willebrand factor) were frequently observed, while BMC-derived hepatocytes (GFP(+) albumin(+) cells) were sparsely found in the liver of chimeric mice chronically infected with S. mansoni. In conclusion, BMC are recruited to the liver during chronic experimental infection with S. mansoni and contribute to the generation of different cell types involved, not only in disease pathogenesis, but possibly in liver regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Machado Azevedo
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Av. São Rafael, 2152, São Marcos, 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Av. São Rafael, 2152, São Marcos, 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Diaz Paredes
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Av. São Rafael, 2152, São Marcos, 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Elton Sá Barreto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Hélio Almeida Neto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Av. São Rafael, 2152, São Marcos, 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Av. São Rafael, 2152, São Marcos, 41253-190, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Andrade GB, Herrera HM, Barreto WTG, Ladeira SL, Mota EM, Caputo LG, Lenzi HL. Pathological aspects of bovine focal fibrogranulomatous proliferative panniculitis (Lechiguana). Vet Res Commun 2015; 39:39-44. [PMID: 25609587 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-015-9627-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lechiguana is a disease of cattle caused by an interaction between Dermatobia hominis warble and the bacteria Manheimia granulomatis. It is characterized by subcutaneous swellings that grow rapidly and result in death after 3 to 8 months. The objective of this paper was to investigate some vascular and fibrogenic changes of the disease at different lesion stages by histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A peculiar histopathological aspect observed during a proliferative phase (before treatment) was the intense vasculitis, described as degenerative and fibro-proliferative, expressed by the oncogene p53, possibly caused by the presence of bacteria in close contact with enthotelial cells, along with dense accumulations of lymphoid cells around venules. The synthesis of collagen fibers during the development of Lechiguana lesions assume a structural aspect of star arrangement with fiber radiation centers that gradually interconnect to design the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) framework, seen by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CSLM). Angiogenesis was the most characteristic finding in both proliferative and regressive stages as seen by the immunohistochemical expression of cytoskeleton proteins and von Willebrand (Factor VIII-Related Antigen). Additionally, in all tissues samples, active ECM elements like Metalloproteinases (MMPs), Tissue Inhibitors Metalloproteinases (TIMP) and Fibronectin (FN) were mainly associated to vessels structures. The extraordinary regression of exuberant granulation tissue after treatment is undoubtedly associated to the maintenance of the vascular components observed during the regressive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Andrade
- Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil,
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Elbaz T, Esmat G. Hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 2013; 4:445-52. [PMID: 25685451 PMCID: PMC4293886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in Egypt caused by the trematode Schistosoma which has different species. Hepatic schistosomiasis represents the best known form of chronic disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis of schistosomiasis is related to the host cellular immune response. This leads to granuloma formation and neo angiogenesis with subsequent periportal fibrosis manifested as portal hypertension, splenomegaly and esophageal varices. Intestinal schistosomiasis is another well identified form of chronic schistosomal affection. Egg deposition and granuloma formation eventually leads to acute then chronic schistosomal colitis and is commonly associated with polyp formation. It frequently presents as abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus and anal pain. Definite diagnosis of schistosomiasis disease depends on microscopy and egg identification. Marked progress regarding serologic diagnosis occurred with development of recent PCR techniques that can confirm schistosomal affection at any stage. Many antischistosomal drugs have been described for treatment, praziquantel being the most safe and efficient drug. Still ongoing studies try to develop effective vaccines with identification of many target antigens. Preventive programs are highly needed to control the disease morbidity and to break the cycle of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Elbaz
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Gamal Esmat
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Role of resident liver cells in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 2012; 28:572-9. [PMID: 23099112 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathology in schistosomiasis occurs as a result of eggs deposited in the liver by the schistosome parasite. A granulomatous reaction occurs, resulting in portal hypertension and hepatic fibrosis. Resident non-parenchymal cells within the liver take part in this process, including hepatic stellate cells, which are responsible for collagen production, and Kupffer cells, the liver macrophages involved in both host protection and in pathology. Other cells such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells or portal fibroblasts may also be involved in this process. This review discusses the possible role of these resident liver cells in the pathology associated with schistosomiasis and provides information which may assist our understanding of the mechanisms associated with chronic liver disease in general.
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Establishment of a standardized liver fibrosis model with different pathological stages in rats. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012; 2012:560345. [PMID: 22761610 PMCID: PMC3384940 DOI: 10.1155/2012/560345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To establish a standardized animal model for liver fibrosis with the same assessment criteria for liver fibrosis studies that have been established on a unified platform. Methods. The standardized liver fibrosis model was established using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats that either received an intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in small dosages or ingested an ethanol solution. Results. The definite corresponding rules among modeling of different weeks and corresponding serology indices as well as different pathological staging can be observed by modeling with small dosages and slow, individualized, and combined administrations. Conclusion. This method can be used for the standardized establishment of a liver fibrosis model in rats across 5 pathological stages, ranging from S0 to S4, with a high success rate (89.33%) and low death rate (17.3%) because of the application of multiple hypotoxic chemicals for modeling. We refer to the criteria of Histological Grading and Staging of Chronic Hepatitis for Fibrosis established by the 10th World Digestive Disease Academic Conference in Los Angeles in September 1994 (revised in November 2000).
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Abdel Fattah NS, Ahmed NS. Evidence of intra-hepatic vascular proliferation remodeling early after cure in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni: An immunohistochemical descriptive study. Exp Parasitol 2012; 130:58-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Jourdan PM, Roald B, Poggensee G, Gundersen SG, Kjetland EF. Increased vascularity in cervicovaginal mucosa with Schistosoma haematobium infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1170. [PMID: 21666790 PMCID: PMC3110160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Close to 800 million people in the world are at risk of schistosomiasis, 85 per cent of whom live in Africa. Recent studies have indicated that female genital schistosomiasis might increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study is to quantify and analyse the characteristics of the vasculature surrounding Schistosoma haematobium ova in the female genital mucosa. Methodology/Principal Findings Cervicovaginal biopsies with S. haematobium ova (n = 20) and control biopsies (n = 69) were stained with immunohistochemical blood vessel markers CD31 and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), which stain endothelial cells in capillary buds and established blood vessels respectively. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) were applied for histopathological assessment. The tissue surrounding S. haematobium ova had a higher density of established blood vessels stained by vWF compared to healthy controls (p = 0.017). Immunostain to CD31 identified significantly more granulation tissue surrounding viable compared to calcified ova (p = 0.032), and a tendency to neovascularisation in the tissue surrounding viable ova compared to healthy cervical mucosa (p = 0.052). Conclusions/Significance In this study female genital mucosa with S. haematobium ova was significantly more vascularised compared to healthy cervical tissue. Viable parasite ova were associated with granulation tissue rich in sprouting blood vessels. Although the findings of blood vessel proliferation in this study may be a step to better understand the implications of S. haematobium infection, further studies are needed to explore the biological, clinical and epidemiological features of female genital schistosomiasis and its possible influence on HIV susceptibility. Schistosomiasis is a fresh water parasite infection that affects millions of people, especially in Africa. Recent knowledge about the genital manifestations of schistosomiasis; especially its possible association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, has led to increased focus on this neglected tropical disease. Millions of women remain undiagnosed for genital schistosomiasis, and may suffer from abnormal mucosal blood vessels, contact bleeding and lesions named sandy patches. This study analyses a unique selection of female genital biopsies containing parasite eggs. Protein detection and standard histopathological assessment are combined to quantify and study the characteristics of the mucosal blood vessels surrounding the eggs. Our results show that the genital mucosa with parasite eggs is more vascularised compared to healthy tissue, and that viable eggs tend to be surrounded by proliferating blood vessels. These findings have not yet been correlated directly to clinical manifestations. Further studies are needed in order to provide clinical advice on the risks and consequences of mucosal lesions particular to female genital schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mark Jourdan
- Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, Oslo, Norway.
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