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Zhao Q, Yu S, Ling Y, Hao S, Liu J. The Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Inflammatory Injury and Permeability in Brain Endothelial Cells Mediated by Sigma-1 Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1940-1947. [PMID: 34014076 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) mainly arises from the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke, induced by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and infiltrated inflammation. The Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R) is a novel target for neuroprotection, and the α2-receptor agonist pain medication dexmedetomidine displays a neuroprotective effect through activating Sigma-1R. The present study aims to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine in a mouse stroke model and hypoxia/reoxygenation(OGD/R)-induced brain endothelial dysfunction. First, we found that Sigma-1R was significantly upregulated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice by the administration of dexmedetomidine. In vivo experiments revealed that dexmedetomidine ameliorated hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), lowered the expression level of Occludin, and impaired brain function as measured by neurological scores in MCAO mice. In vitro assays show that dexmedetomidine alleviated OGD/R-caused cytotoxicity, hyperpermeability, abnormal expression of Occludin, and inflammatory factors in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Moreover, blockage of Sigma-1R by its antagonist BD1047 abolished the neuroprotective property of dexmedetomidine in both animal and cell culture experiments. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that dexmedetomidine therapy shows neuroprotection in MCAO mice. Mechanistically, dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cerebral endothelial dysfunction by activating the Sigma-1R-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shoushui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Shiyuan Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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Josephs-Spaulding J, Singh OV. Medical Device Sterilization and Reprocessing in the Era of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacteria: Issues and Regulatory Concepts. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 2:587352. [PMID: 35047882 PMCID: PMC8757868 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2020.587352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria threatens humans in various health sectors, including medical devices. Since formal classifications for medical device sterilization and disinfection were established in the 1970's, microbial adaptation under adverse environmental conditions has evolved rapidly. MDR microbial biofilms that adhere to medical devices and recurrently infect patients pose a significant threat in hospitals. Therefore, it is essential to mitigate the risk associated with MDR outbreaks by establishing novel recommendations for medical device sterilization, in a world of MDR. MDR pathogens typically thrive on devices with flexible accessories, which are easily contaminated with biofilms due to previous patient use and faulty sterilization or reprocessing procedures. To prevent danger to immunocompromised individuals, there is a need to regulate the classification of reprocessed medical device sterilization. This article aims to assess the risks of improper sterilization of medical devices in the era of MDR when sterilization procedures for critical medical devices are not followed to standard. Further, we discuss key regulatory recommendations for consistent sterilization of critical medical devices in contrast to the risks of disinfection reusable medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Om V. Singh
- Advance Academic Program, The Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, United States
- Technology Science Group (TSG) Consulting Inc., A Science Group Company, Washington, DC, United States
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Sharma NC, Efstratiou A, Mokrousov I, Mutreja A, Das B, Ramamurthy T. Diphtheria. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:81. [PMID: 31804499 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diphtheria is a potentially fatal infection mostly caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and occasionally by toxigenic C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Diphtheria is generally an acute respiratory infection, characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane in the throat, but cutaneous infections are possible. Systemic effects, such as myocarditis and neuropathy, which are associated with increased fatality risk, are due to diphtheria toxin, an exotoxin produced by the pathogen that inhibits protein synthesis and causes cell death. Clinical diagnosis is confirmed by the isolation and identification of the causative Corynebacterium spp., usually by bacterial culture followed by enzymatic and toxin detection tests. Diphtheria can be treated with the timely administration of diphtheria antitoxin and antimicrobial therapy. Although effective vaccines are available, this disease has the potential to re-emerge in countries where the recommended vaccination programmes are not sustained, and increasing proportions of adults are becoming susceptible to diphtheria. Thousands of diphtheria cases are still reported annually from several countries in Asia and Africa, along with many outbreaks. Changes in the epidemiology of diphtheria have been reported worldwide. The prevalence of toxigenic Corynebacterium spp. highlights the need for proper clinical and epidemiological investigations to quickly identify and treat affected individuals, along with public health measures to prevent and contain the spread of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Chand Sharma
- Laboratory Department, Maharishi Valmiki Infectious Diseases Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Androulla Efstratiou
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Diphtheria and Streptococcal Infections, Reference Microbiology Division, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ankur Mutreja
- Global Health-Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
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Weerasekera D, Stengel F, Sticht H, de Mattos Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A, Azevedo Antunes C. The C-terminal coiled-coil domain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:106. [PMID: 30180805 PMCID: PMC6123952 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corynebacterium diphtheriae is the etiologic agent of diphtheria and different systemic infections. The bacterium has been classically described as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of C. diphtheriae still remains unclear. Recently, the DIP0733 transmembrane protein was found to play an important role in the interaction with matrix proteins and cell surfaces, nematode colonization, cellular internalization and induction of cell death. Results In this study, we identified a number of short linear motifs and structural elements of DIP0733 with putative importance in virulence, using bioinformatic approaches. A C-terminal coiled-coil region of the protein was considered particularly important, since it was found only in DIP0733 homologs in pathogenic Corynebacterium species but not in non-pathogenic corynebacteria. Infections of epithelial cells and transepithelial resistance assays revealed that bacteria expressing the truncated form of C. diphtheriae DIP0733 and C. glutamicum DIP0733 homolog are less virulent, while the fusion of the coiled-coil sequence to the DIP0733 homolog from C. glutamicum resulted in increased pathogenicity. These results were supported by nematode killing assays and experiments using wax moth larvae as invertebrate model systems. Conclusions Our data indicate that the coil-coiled domain of DIP0733 is crucial for interaction with epithelial cells and pathogenicity in invertebrate animal model systems. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1247-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Stengel
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza de Mattos Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Microbiology Division, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. .,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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5
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Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans share one distinctive feature: they are all putative carriers of the diphtheria toxin (DT), encoded by a β-corynephage integrated into the genome. Due to its medical relevance, C. diphtheriae may be the most highly investigated species of the genus Corynebacterium. Nevertheless, systemic infections caused by C. ulcerans are increasingly being reported indicating that this species is an emerging pathogen today. C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis and C. ulcerans are able to colonize different types of epithelial cells in a strain-specific manner, independent of the presence of the tox gene. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to host colonization are barely understood. This review gives a comprehensive update of recent data concerning the adhesion properties of toxigenic corynebacteria, demonstrating that adhesion is a multi-factorial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ott
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Peixoto RS, Hacker E, Antunes CA, Weerasekera D, Dias AA, Martins CA, Hirata R, Santos KRND, Burkovski A, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Pathogenic properties of a Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain isolated from a case of osteomyelitis. J Med Microbiol 2017; 65:1311-1321. [PMID: 27902402 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract (respiratory diphtheria) and the skin (cutaneous diphtheria). However, different strains of Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae can also cause invasive infections. In this study, the characterization of a non-toxigenic Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae strain (designated BR-INCA5015) isolated from osteomyelitis in the frontal bone of a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma was performed. Pathogenic properties of the strain BR-INCA5015 were tested in a Caenorhabditis elegans survival assay showing strong colonization and killing by this strain. Survival rates of 3.8±2.7 %, 33.6±7.3 % and 0 % were observed for strains ATCC 27010T, ATCC 27012 and BR-INCA5015, respectively, at day 7. BR-INCA5015 was able to colonize epithelial cells, showing elevated capacity to adhere to and survive within HeLa cells compared to other Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae isolates. Intracellular survival in macrophages (THP-1 and RAW 264.7) was significantly higher compared to control strains ATCC 27010T (non-toxigenic) and ATCC 27012 (toxigenic). Furthermore, the ability of BR-INCA5015 to induce osteomyelitis was confirmed by in vivo assay using Swiss Webster mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Stavracakis Peixoto
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Hacker
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dulanthi Weerasekera
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - A A Dias
- National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Martins
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute - Ministry of Health, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Professur für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (IMPPG/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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7
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Santos LSD, Antunes CA, Santos CSD, Pereira JAA, Sabbadini PS, Luna MDGD, Azevedo V, Hirata Júnior R, Burkovski A, Asad LMBDO, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Corynebacterium diphtheriae putative tellurite-resistance protein (CDCE8392_0813) contributes to the intracellular survival in human epithelial cells and lethality of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:662-8. [PMID: 26107188 PMCID: PMC4569831 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the aetiologic agent of diphtheria,
also represents a global medical challenge because of the existence of invasive
strains as causative agents of systemic infections. Although tellurite
(TeO32-) is toxic to most microorganisms, TeO32--resistant
bacteria, including C. diphtheriae, exist in
nature. The presence of TeO32--resistance (TeR)
determinants in pathogenic bacteria might provide selective advantages in the natural
environment. In the present study, we investigated the role of the putative
TeR determinant (CDCE8392_813gene) in the virulence
attributes of diphtheria bacilli. The disruption of CDCE8392_0813 gene expression in
the LDCIC-L1 mutant increased susceptibility to TeO32- and reactive oxygen
species (hydrogen peroxide), but not to other antimicrobial agents. The LDCIC-L1
mutant also showed a decrease in both the lethality of Caenorhabditis elegans
and the survival inside of human epithelial cells compared to wild-type
strain. Conversely, the haemagglutinating activity and adherence to and formation of
biofilms on different abiotic surfaces were not regulated through the CDCE8392_0813
gene. In conclusion, the CDCE8392_813 gene contributes to the TeR and
pathogenic potential of C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisy Sanches Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - Cintia Silva Dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - José Augusto Adler Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Priscila Soares Sabbadini
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, BR
| | - Maria das Graças de Luna
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, BR
| | - Raphael Hirata Júnior
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Lehrstuhl fuer Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, DE
| | - Lídia Maria Buarque de Oliveira Asad
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
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8
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Souza MC, dos Santos LS, Sousa LP, Faria YV, Ramos JN, Sabbadini PS, da Santos CS, Nagao PE, Vieira VV, Gomes DLR, Hirata Júnior R, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Biofilm formation and fibrinogen and fibronectin binding activities by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum invasive strains. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1387-99. [PMID: 25828766 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections are considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital environments. Biofilms allow microorganisms to exchange genetic material and to become persistent colonizers and/or multiresistant to antibiotics. Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (CPS), a commensal bacterium that colonizes skin and mucosal sites has become progressively multiresistant and responsible for severe nosocomial infections. However, virulence factors of this emergent pathogen remain unclear. Herein, we report the adhesive properties and biofilm formation on hydrophilic (glass) and hydrophobic (plastic) abiotic surfaces by CPS strains isolated from patients with localized (ATCC10700/Pharyngitis) and systemic (HHC1507/Bacteremia) infections. Adherence to polystyrene attributed to hydrophobic interactions between bacterial cells and this negatively charged surface indicated the involvement of cell surface hydrophobicity in the initial stage of biofilm formation. Attached microorganisms multiplied and formed microcolonies that accumulated as multilayered cell clusters, a step that involved intercellular adhesion and synthesis of extracellular matrix molecules. Further growth led to the formation of dense bacterial aggregates embedded in the exopolymeric matrix surrounded by voids, typical of mature biofilms. Data also showed CPS recognizing human fibrinogen (Fbg) and fibronectin (Fn) and involvement of these sera components in formation of "conditioning films". These findings suggested that biofilm formation may be associated with the expression of different adhesins. CPS may form biofilms in vivo possibly by an adherent biofilm mode of growth in vitro currently demonstrated on hydrophilic and hydrophobic abiotic surfaces. The affinity to Fbg and Fn and the biofilm-forming ability may contribute to the establishment and dissemination of infection caused by CPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Cristina Souza
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica (LDCIC), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. 28 de Setembro, 87 - Fundos, 3°andar, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20.551-030, Brazil
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9
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de Souza C, Faria YV, Sant’Anna LDO, Viana VG, Seabra SH, de Souza MC, Vieira VV, Hirata R, Moreira LDO, de Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Biofilm production by multiresistant Corynebacterium striatum associated with nosocomial outbreak. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:242-8. [PMID: 25946249 PMCID: PMC4489456 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium striatum is a potentially pathogenic microorganism that causes nosocomial outbreaks. However, little is known about its virulence factors that may contribute to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We investigated the biofilm production on abiotic surfaces of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and multidrug-susceptible (MDS) strains of C. striatum of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types I-MDR, II-MDR, III-MDS and IV-MDS isolated during a nosocomial outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results showed that C. striatum was able to adhere to hydrophilic and hydrophobic abiotic surfaces. The C. striatum 1987/I-MDR strain, predominantly isolated from patients undergoing endotracheal intubation procedures, showed the greatest ability to adhere to all surfaces. C. striatum bound fibrinogen to its surface, which contributed to biofilm formation. Scanning electron microscopy showed the production of mature biofilms on polyurethane catheters by all pulsotypes. In conclusion, biofilm production may contribute to the establishment of HAIs caused by C. striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassius de Souza
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Yuri Vieira Faria
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lincoln de Oliveira Sant’Anna
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanilda Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Seabra
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Bioquímica e Microscopia, Centro
Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mônica Cristina de Souza
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Verônica Viana Vieira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Raphael Hirata
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lílian de Oliveira Moreira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Imunologia Clínica, Universidade Federal
do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ana Luíza de Mattos-Guaraldi
- Laboratório de Difteria e Corinebactérias de Importância Clínica, Centro
Colaborador de Referência e Pesquisa em Difteria/Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério
da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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10
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Antunes CA, Sanches dos Santos L, Hacker E, Köhler S, Bösl K, Ott L, de Luna MDG, Hirata R, Azevedo VADC, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Burkovski A. Characterization of DIP0733, a multi-functional virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:639-47. [PMID: 25635272 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium diphtheriae is typically recognized as an extracellular pathogen. However, a number of studies revealed its ability to invade epithelial cells, indicating a more complex pathogen-host interaction. The molecular mechanisms controlling and facilitating internalization of Cor. diphtheriae are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of DIP0733 as virulence factor to elucidate how it contributes to the process of pathogen-host cell interaction. Based on in vitro experiments, it was suggested recently that the DIP0733 protein might be involved in adhesion, invasion of epithelial cells and induction of apoptosis. A corresponding Cor. diphtheriae mutant strain generated in this study was attenuated in its ability to colonize and kill the host in a Caenorhabditis elegans infection model system. Furthermore, the mutant showed an altered adhesion pattern and a drastically reduced ability to adhere and invade epithelial cells. Subsequent experiments showed an influence of DIP0733 on binding of Cor. diphtheriae to extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Furthermore, based on its fibrinogen-binding activity, DIP0733 may play a role in avoiding recognition of Cor. diphtheriae by the immune system. In summary, our findings support the idea that DIP0733 is a multi-functional virulence factor of Cor. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Azevedo Antunes
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Hacker
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Bösl
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Ott
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Hirata
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Departmento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Andreas Burkovski
- Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Simpson-Louredo L, Ramos JN, Peixoto RS, Santos LS, Antunes CA, Ladeira EM, Santos CS, Vieira VV, Bôas MHSV, Hirata R, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Corynebacterium ulcerans isolates from humans and dogs: fibrinogen, fibronectin and collagen-binding, antimicrobial and PFGE profiles. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 105:343-52. [PMID: 24281735 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium ulcerans has been increasingly isolated as an emerging zoonotic agent of diphtheria and other infections from companion animals. Since pets are able to act as symptomless carriers, it is also essential to identify virulence potential for humans of these isolates. In this work the ability of C. ulcerans to bind to fibrinogen (Fbg), fibronectin (Fn) and Type I collagen as well the genetic relationship among strains isolated from human and asymptomatic dogs in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) were analyzed. Five pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles were demonstrated (I, II, III, IV and V). In addition, the IV and V profiles exhibiting ≥85 % similarity were expressed by the BR-AD41 and BR-AD61 strains from companion dogs living in the same neighborhood. Independent of the PFGE-types, human and dog isolates showed affinity to Fbg, Fn and collagen. Heterogeneity of PFGE profiles indicated endemicity of C. ulcerans in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area. Differences in the expression of adhesins to the human extracellular matrix may contribute to variations in the virulence and zoonotic potential of C. ulcerans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Simpson-Louredo
- Laboratory of Diphtheria and Corynebacteria of Clinical Relevance-LDCIC, Collaborating Center for Diphtheria of CGLAB/SVS/MS, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Dias AASO, Silva FC, Santos LS, Ribeiro-Carvalho MM, Sabbadini PS, Santos CS, Filardy AA, Myioshi A, Azevedo VA, Hirata R, Villas-Bôas MHS, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Strain-dependent arthritogenic potential of the zoonotic pathogen Corynebacterium ulcerans. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:323-31. [PMID: 21742447 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade the majority of diphtheria cases in Europe had Corynebacterium ulcerans as the etiologic agent with dogs and cats as the reservoir hosts. However, little has been documented about the virulence factors of this zoonotic pathogen. To set up an in vivo experimental C. ulcerans infection model, conventional Swiss Webster mice were intravenously infected with different doses (from 1 × 10(7) to 5 × 10(9) bacteria per mouse) of C. ulcerans strains, namely 809 (from human lower respiratory tract), BR-AD22 (from asymptomatic dog nares) and CDC-KC279. Mortality rates were demonstrated by LD(50) values ranging from 1.9 × 10(8) to 1.3 × 10(9). Viable bacteria were recovered from blood, kidneys, liver, spleen and joints. For CDC-KC279 and 809 strains (2 × 10(8)mL(-1)) approximately 85% and 72% of animals with articular lesions were observed, respectively; BR-AD22-infected mice showed no signs of arthritis. CDC-KC279 and 809 strains exhibited higher arthritogenic potential when compared to the homologous toxigenic (ATCC27012) and non-toxigenic (ATCC27010) strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. A high number of affected joints and arthritis index in addition to the histopathological features, including subcutaneous edema, inflammatory infiltrate, damage to bone tissue and synoviocyte hypertrophy, indicated a strain-dependent ability of C. ulcerans strains to cause severe polyarthritis. A correlation between the arthritis index and systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was observed for C. ulcerans strains, with the exception of the non-arthritogenic BR-AD22 strain. In conclusion, C. ulcerans revealed a strain-dependent arthritogenic potential independent of DNAse, PLD and diphtheria toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A S O Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária/Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
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13
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Multilocus sequence types of invasive Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in the Rio de Janeiro urban area, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2011; 140:617-20. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268811000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInvasive infections caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae in vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals have been reported increasingly. In this study we used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to study genetic relationships between six invasive strains of this bacterium isolated solely in the urban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during a 10-year period. Of note, all the strains rendered negative results in PCR reactions for the tox gene, and four strains presented an atypical sucrose-fermenting ability. Five strains represented new sequence types. MLST results did not support the hypothesis that invasive (sucrose-positive) strains of C. diphtheriae are part of a single clonal complex. Instead, one of the main findings of the study was that such strains can be normally found in clonal complexes with strains related to non-invasive disease. Comparative analyses with C. diphtheriae isolated in different countries provided further information on the geographical circulation of some sequence types.
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