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Borges JCO, Oliveira VAB, Serdan TDA, Silva FLR, Santos CS, Pauferro JRB, Ribas ASF, Manoel R, Pereira ACG, Correa IS, Pereira JNB, Bazotte RB, Levada-Pires AC, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjão R, Curi R, Hirabara SM, Masi LN. Brain glucose hypometabolism and hippocampal inflammation in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12742. [PMID: 37377307 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain glucose hypometabolism and neuroinflammation are early pathogenic manifestations in neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation may also disrupt leptin signaling, an adipokine that centrally regulates appetite and energy balance by acting on the hypothalamus and exerting neuroprotection in the hippocampus. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model used to investigate diabetes-associated molecular mechanisms without obesity jeopardizing effects. Wistar and GK rats received the maintenance adult rodent diet. Also, an additional control group of Wistar rats received a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS) provided by free consumption of condensed milk. All diets and water were provided ad libitum for eight weeks. Brain glucose uptake was evaluated by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose under basal (saline administration) or stimulated (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist) conditions. The animals were fasted for 10-12 h, anesthetized, and euthanized. The brain was quickly dissected, and the hippocampal area was sectioned and stored at -80°C in different tubes for protein and RNA analyses on the same animal. GK rats exhibited attenuated brain glucose uptake compared to Wistar animals and the HFHS group under basal conditions. Also, the hippocampus of GK rats displayed upregulated leptin receptor, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and IL-1β and the subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB (p-p65) protein expression. No significant alterations were detected in the hippocampus of HFHS rats. Our data indicated that a genetic predisposition to T2DM has significant brain deteriorating features, including brain glucose hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, and leptin signaling disruption in the hippocampal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C O Borges
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - V A B Oliveira
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T D A Serdan
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F L R Silva
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C S Santos
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J R B Pauferro
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A S F Ribas
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Manoel
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A C G Pereira
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I S Correa
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - J N B Pereira
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Bioindustrial Centro, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R B Bazotte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A C Levada-Pires
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T C Pithon-Curi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Gorjão
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R Curi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Seção de Produção de Imunobiológicos, Bioindustrial Centro, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Hirabara
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L N Masi
- Programa Interdisciplinar de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Varão AM, Silva JDS, Amaral LO, Aleixo LLP, Onduras A, Santos CS, Silva LPD, Ribeiro DE, Filho JLL, Bornhorst J, Stiboller M, Schwerdtle T, Alves LC, Soares FAA, Gubert P. Toxic effects of thallium acetate by acute exposure to the nematode C. elegans. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126848. [PMID: 34479099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thallium (Tl) is a toxic metalloid and an emerging pollutant due to electronic devices and dispersal nearby base-metal mining. Therefore, Tl poses a threat to human health and especially the long-term impact on younger individuals exposed is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of thallium acetate in C. elegans in early larval stages, considering physiological and behavioral endpoints, as well as the Tl absorption and bioaccumulation. METHODS Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was exposed to Thallium acetate (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, and 1000 μM) in the L1 larval stage, with the purpose to observe the toxic effects invoked until adulthood. Transgenic worms strains were transported GFP, reporters to DAF-16 and were used to verify the antioxidant response. ICP-MS quantified total Tl+ concentration to evidence Tl uptake and bioaccumulation. RESULTS Thallium acetate caused a significant reduction in the number of living worms (p < 0.0001 in 100-1000 μM), a delay in larval development (p < 0.01; p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001 in 100-1000 μM) through the larval stages, and egg production in the worm's uterus was reduced. Thallium acetate also induced behavioral changes. Additionally, thallium acetate activated antioxidant pathway responses in C. elegans by translocating the DAF-16 transcription factor and activation of SOD-3::GFP expression. The Tl+ quantification in worms showed its absorption in the L1 larval stage and bioaccumulation in the body after development. CONCLUSIONS Thallium acetate reduced survival, delayed development, caused behavioral changes, induced responses inherent to oxidative stress, and serious damage to the worm's reproduction. In addition, C. elegans absorbed and bioaccumulated Tl+. Together, our results highlight the impacts of Tl+ exposure in the early stages of life, even for a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Varão
- MS(4)Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - J D S Silva
- Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - L O Amaral
- Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - L L P Aleixo
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A Onduras
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - L P D Silva
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D E Ribeiro
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J L L Filho
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Stiboller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - T Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - L C Alves
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Department of Parasitology, Brazil
| | - F A A Soares
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 97105900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - P Gubert
- Graduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western Bahia, Rua Bertioga, 892, Morada Nobre II, CEP 47810-059, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil; Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami. The Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Santos CS, Dalmolin AC, Schilling AC, Santos MS, Schaffer B, Mielke MS. Root deformation affects mineral nutrition but not leaf gas exchange and growth of Genipa americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e234018. [PMID: 34076162 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Root deformation (RD) caused by errors in the pricking out process are irreversible and very difficult to detect in container-grown seedlings at the time of planting in the field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of RD on leaf gas exchange, growth, biomass allocation and mineral nutrition of G. americana seedlings during the recovery phase after soil flooding. Four-months-old seedlings, with and without RD, were flooded for 42 days and their recovery was evaluated 28 days after soil drainage. There were no significant interactions between RD and soil flooding for all leaf gas exchange, growth and mineral nutrition after soil drainage, with the exception of leaf P concentrations. In plants with no RD, the P concentration in leaves of non-flooded plants was significantly higher than that of plants with RD. Soil flooding and RD did not influence leaf or root N concentrations or whole-plant N content. RD increased the K concentration in the roots, but not in the leaves. Changes in the nutrient concentrations in leaves and roots indicate that RD may affect physiological performance of seedlings after planting in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - A C Dalmolin
- Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia - UFSB, Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - A C Schilling
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - M S Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
| | - B Schaffer
- University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - IFAS, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL, USA
| | - M S Mielke
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ilhéus, BA, Brasil
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Costa JCR, Marchi GH, Santos CS, Andrade MCM, Chaves Junior SP, Silva MAN, Melo MN, Andrade AJ. First molecular evidence of frogs as a food source for sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) in Brazilian caves. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1571-1582. [PMID: 33852067 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genus and species of phlebotomine sand flies have been recorded and described in caves in Brazil, but no study has provided the food source used by sand flies in these environments. Herein, we identified the blood source used by sand fly species in caves located at "Quadrilátero Ferrífero" (QF), Minas Gerais state. Specimens were manually collected near or on anurans inside ferruginous caves in Serra do Gandarela National Park and Serra do Rola Moça State Park. Males and females were placed in vials with 70% alcohol and stored at -10°C. Females engorged, after specific identification, had DNA extracted and followed for PCR amplification using specific primers. Sequencing was analyzed in the GenBank and Barcode of Life. A total of 198 specimens were collected (107 females and 91 males), all of them belonging to species Sciopemyia aff. microps (88.89%), Sciopemyia sordellii (10.61%), or Martinsmyia oliveirai (0.50%). When it comes to the females, 89 were S. aff. microps and 18 S. sordellii. Nineteen engorged females of S. aff. microps were analyzed and most of them (n=18) presented blood from Bokermannohyla martinsi and one contained blood from Scinax fuscovarius. The blood present in engorged females of S. sordellii (n=4) was from B. martinsi. Sciopemyia genus specimens are commonly found in collections carried out inside natural caves, but this was the first study to prove that females of this genus feed on cold-blooded animals in nature. HIGHLIGHTS: • Here we proved that sand flies feed in cold-blooded animals in in Brazilian caves. • Females of the Sciopemyia genus were for the first time found feeding in natural habitats. • Anurans of the family Hylidae were identified as source by molecular analyzes. • Insect bloodmeal identification can help assessing the fauna in several biomes. • This is the first record of S. aff. microps in caves of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C R Costa
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, National Cave Research and Conservation Center, Nova Lima, MG, Brazil
| | - G H Marchi
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M C M Andrade
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, National Cave Research and Conservation Center, Nova Lima, MG, Brazil
| | - S P Chaves Junior
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M A N Silva
- Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M N Melo
- Parasitology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - A J Andrade
- Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Moretto VT, Bartley PS, Ferreira VM, Santos CS, Silva LK, Ponce-Terashima RA, Blanton RE, Reis MG, Barbosa LM. Microbial source tracking and antimicrobial resistance in one river system of a rural community in Bahia, Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e231838. [PMID: 33681894 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.231838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of antibiotics inevitably leads to antimicrobial resistance. Selection for resistance occurs primarily within the gut of humans and animals as well as in the environment through natural resistance and residual antibiotics in streams and soil. We evaluated antimicrobial resistance in Gram negative bacteria from a river system in a rural community in Bahia, Brazil. Water was collected from the Jiquiriçá and Brejões rivers and the piped water supply. Additionally, stools were collected from a random sample of residents, cows, pigs and horses near the river. The samples were screened for bacteria resistant to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and meropenem and identified biochemically at the genus and species levels. Microbial source tracking demonstrated that ruminant and human fecal contamination increased as the rivers neared the village center and decreased after the last residence. Antibiotic bacteria were identified from all samples (n = 32). No bacteria were resistant to carbapenems, but the majority of the enterobacteria were resistant to ciprofloxacin, even though this class of antibiotics is not commonly used in food animals in this region. Considering these facts, together with the pattern of human fecal contamination, a human source was considered most likely for these resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Moretto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - P S Bartley
- Case Western Reserve University - CWRU, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - V M Ferreira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública - EBMSP, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - C S Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - L K Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - R A Ponce-Terashima
- Mercer University School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Macon, GA, USA
| | - R E Blanton
- Case Western Reserve University - CWRU, Center for Global Health and Diseases, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - M G Reis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública - EBMSP, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - L M Barbosa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz - CPqGM, Salvador, BA, Brasil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública - EBMSP, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Soares WNC, Lira GPO, Santos CS, Dias GN, Pimenta AS, Pereira AF, Benício LDM, Rodrigues GSO, Amora SSA, Alves ND, Feijó FMC. Pyroligneous acid from Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis as an antimicrobial in dairy goats. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:604-614. [PMID: 33342017 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the applicability of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis pyroligneous acids (PAs) as alternative antiseptics in dairy goats. METHODS AND RESULTS Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using bacteria, as well as in vivo using goats, and the influence of PAs on the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk were examined. The cytotoxicity of PAs was evaluated in terms of morphology, cell viability and metabolic activity of goat tegumentary cells. The PA of M. tenuiflora had results similar to those of 2% iodine. For the in vitro tests, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used with the well technique, demonstrating inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the in vivo test, 15 animals were used per phase of the experiment, and the plate counting technique showed that there was antiseptic action of both extracts, with emphasis on the M. tenuiflora PA. Physicochemical analysis of the milk showed that neither PAs interfered with its physical-chemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS The PA of M. tenuiflora presented potential as an alternative antiseptic in dairy goats. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the use of PA as an antimicrobial agent in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N C Soares
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G P O Lira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G N Dias
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A S Pimenta
- Forest Engineering, Master Program in Forest Sciences, Agricultural Sciences Unit, Agricultural School of Jundiaí, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Jundiai, RN, Brazil
| | - A F Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - L D M Benício
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G S O Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - S S A Amora
- Laboratory of Food Tecnology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - N D Alves
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - F M C Feijó
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Rodrigues EM, Santos CS, Ramos SG, Medeiros MC, Chavez-Andrade GM, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G. Effects of octenidine applied alone or mixed with sodium hypochlorite on eukaryotic cells. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1264-1274. [PMID: 32535966 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) on eukaryotic cells and the cytotoxicity of OCT associated with sodium hypochlorite - NaOCl (NaOCl/OCT). METHODOLOGY L929 fibroblasts and human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) were exposed to 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl and mixtures of 5.25% NaOCl and 0.1% OCT (NaOCl/OCT) at 90 : 10, 80 : 20 and 50 : 50 ratios. Cell viability was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays; type of cell death, by flow cytometry; cytoskeleton, by actin and α-tubulin fluorescence; and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, by thymolphthalein release. The data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS MTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT had the lowest cytotoxicity (P < 0.05), followed by 2% CHX (P < 0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl, NaOCl/OCT 80 : 20 and NaOCl/OCT 50 : 50 solutions had intermediate cytotoxicity. NaOCl 5.25% and NaOCl/OCT 90 : 10 had the highest cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). The OCT group had a higher percentage of viable cells than the NaOCl and CHX groups (P < 0.05), and induced apoptosis at higher doses. The cytoskeleton alterations were observed at 0.12%, 0.6% and 2.02% for the NaOCl, CHX and OCT groups, respectively. The solutions did not induce ALP activity. CONCLUSION Octenidine dihydrochloride was less cytotoxic, induced apoptosis at higher doses, caused few changes in the cytoskeleton and did not induce alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, octenidine dihydrochloride reduced the cytotoxicity of 5.25% NaOCl when combined at 20 and 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - E M Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M C Medeiros
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - G M Chavez-Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - J M Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - M Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - G Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Rodrigues MOM, Evangelista-Silva PH, Neves NN, Moreno LG, Santos CS, Rocha KLS, Ottone VO, Batista-da-Silva B, Dias-Peixoto MF, Magalhães FC, Esteves EA. Caloric restriction-induced weight loss with a high-fat diet does not fully recover visceral adipose tissue inflammation in previously obese C57BL/6 mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1353-1359. [PMID: 32574503 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) reduces body weight and systemic inflammation, but the effects on adipose tissue under dietary lipid overload are controversial. We evaluated the effects of CR-induced weight loss with a high-fat diet on adipose tissue inflammation of obese mice. Male mice were assigned into low-fat diet (LF) and high-fat diet (HF) groups. After 8 weeks, the mice in the HF group were reassigned for another 7 weeks into the following 3 conditions: (i) kept in the HF condition; (ii) changed to low-fat diet ad libitum (LFAL); and (iii) changed to high-fat calorie-restricted (RHF) diet to reach LFAL body weight. Serum markers, adipocytokines, morphology, and inflammatory infiltrates in retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) were accessed. The body weights of the LFAL and RHF groups were reduced, equaling the body weights of the LF group. The LFAL mice had restored almost all inflammatory markers as the LF mice, except tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and adiponectin. Compared with the HF group, the RHF group had lowered visceral adiposity, retroperitoneal adipocyte sizes, and RAT inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as TNF-α, interleukin-6, and hepatic and serum C-reactive protein, which were higher than that of the LFAL group; adiponectin and MCP-1 did not change. CR with high-fat diet reduced body weight and attenuated visceral adiposity but did not fully recover visceral tissue inflammation. Novelty Caloric restriction in a high-fat diet ameliorated visceral adiposity. Caloric restriction in a high-fat diet did not recover visceral adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O M Rodrigues
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - P H Evangelista-Silva
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - N N Neves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - L G Moreno
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - K L S Rocha
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - V O Ottone
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - B Batista-da-Silva
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil
| | - M F Dias-Peixoto
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - F C Magalhães
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - E A Esteves
- Programa Multicêntrico de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
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Santos CS, Silva AM, Maia KM, Rodrigues GSO, Feijó FMC, Alves ND, Oliveira MF, Silva AR. Composition of semen and foreskin mucosa aerobic microbiota and its impact on sperm parameters of captive collared peccaries (Pecari tajacu). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:521-531. [PMID: 32281210 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the bacterial composition of collared peccary semen and foreskin mucosa, and to verify the sensitivity of isolates to antimicrobials used in semen conservation and to Aloe vera gel, which is an alternative external cryoprotectant. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine foreskin mucosa and ejaculate samples from adult animals were used. Sperm characteristics and bacterial load were evaluated in fresh semen. The preputial mucosa and semen bacterial isolates were identified and tested against five concentrations of each antimicrobial (streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin) and A. vera gel. Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were isolated in greater numbers than others in both semen (64·10 and 20·51%, respectively) and the foreskin mucosa (60·60 and 24·25%, respectively), and ranged from 0·4 to 21 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. The average load of Corynebacterium sp. was negatively correlated (P < 0·05) with the sperm membrane integrity (r = -0·73055) and curvilinear velocity (r = -0·69048). Streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin inhibited most micro-organisms, and A. vera showed lower antimicrobial activity. CONCLUSION Several Gram-positive bacteria are present in semen and foreskin mucosa of collared peccary, and the benefits of using primarily penicillin-streptomycin and gentamicin antimicrobials in the bacterial control of diluted semen of these animals are strongly indicated. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides insight into the reproductive microbiota of captive male-collared peccary. This work provides a theoretical basis to assist reproductive biotechnologies for ex situ conservation of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Santos
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A M Silva
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - K M Maia
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - G S O Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal Rural University of SemiArid (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN, Brazil
| | - F M C Feijó
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal Rural University of SemiArid (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN, Brazil
| | - N D Alves
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal Rural University of SemiArid (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN, Brazil
| | - M F Oliveira
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - A R Silva
- Laboratory for Animal Germplasm Conservation, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Santos CS, de Oliveira RD, Pitchaimuthu S, Marchesi LF, Pessôa CA. Modified electrodes based on MnO2 electrodeposited onto carbon felt: an evaluation toward supercapacitive applications. Chem Pap 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00920-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Costa-Pereira LV, Melo DS, Santos CS, Mendes BF, Esteves EA, Lacerda ACR, de Miranda JL, Rocha-Vieira E, Gripp F, Amorim FT, Magalhães FC, Dias-Peixoto MF. Distinct beneficial effects of continuous vs accumulated exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in Wistar rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1384-1394. [PMID: 27485683 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of continuous exercise (CE) vs accumulated exercise (AE) training on CVD risk factors and heart of young male Wistar rats. The exercise training (ET) was performed in a swimming pool for 30-60 min/day, 5 days/week over 15 weeks. CE group performed the ET in a single long daily session (30-60 min), while AE group performed the ET at the same frequency, intensity, and duration of CE rats, but in three short bouts over the course of a day (10-20 min in three daily sessions). AE training was more efficient than CE in attenuating body and fat weight gain and inhibiting visceral adipocyte hypertrophy at the same food intake level. CE training was more efficient in improving systolic blood pressure, LDL/HDL cholesterol, and serum triglyceride. Both ET protocols increased heart function, decreased lipid peroxidation, and increased intracellular Hsp72 content in the heart. This work shows distinct beneficial effects of CE vs AE training suggesting that the prescription of one or other may be preferred to prevent the increase of a specific CVD risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Costa-Pereira
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D S Melo
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C S Santos
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - B F Mendes
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E A Esteves
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C R Lacerda
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L de Miranda
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Rocha-Vieira
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Gripp
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F T Amorim
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Magalhães
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Dias-Peixoto
- School of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil.,Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Brazilian Society of Physiology, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Martins JH, Santos CS, Silva MAV, Aguiar HMVSB, França IG, Pereira HG, Ribeiro DL, Chaves RM, Souza JAT, Monteiro BM, Sá Filho MF, Torres-Júnior JRS. Impact of puberty status and melengestrol acetate supplementation before the breeding period on reproductive efficiency of Bos indicus beef heifers. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2796-805. [PMID: 26115267 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the impact of puberty status and the administration of melengestrol acetate (MGA) before onset of the breeding period on ovulatory responses (Exp. 1) and conception rate after AI performed on estrus detection during 10 d and the pregnancy rate through 80 d of breeding period (Exp. 2) of pasture-grazed beef heifers. In Exp. 1, heifers (15 pubertal and 15 prepubertal) received 0.5 mg per heifer/d -1 of MGA over 14 d. No differences in the ovulatory responses were found 10 d after the MGA administration (pubertal = 46.7% vs. prepubertal P = 53.3%; P = 0.72). In Exp. 2, 368 heifers were randomly assigned to groups according to pubertal status and the MGA treatment. All heifers were inseminated on estrus detection for up 10 d after MGA administration and following exposure to bulls between 20 and 80 d. The MGA-treated heifers exhibited a greater AI service rate than control heifers (72.1 vs. 41.6%;P < 0.01); however, heifers receiving MGA had lower conception results following AI (51.6 vs. 71.4%; P = 0.01). In addition, MGA-treated heifers were more likely to have a corpus luteum in the middle of the breeding period (95.3 vs. 87.5%;P < 0.01), although the Cox proportional hazard of pregnancy rate was similar (P = 0.29) at the end of the breeding period. At onset of the breeding period, pubertal heifers presented a greater pregnancy rate following AI (pubertal P = 42.2% vs. prepubertal P = 24.9%; P = 0.01). Therefore, pubertal heifers seem to have greater overall reproductive efficiency than prepubertal heifers, particularly at the beginning of the breeding period. Interestingly, administration of MGA before the onset of the breeding period increased AI service rate but did not alter the rate of pregnancy throughout the breeding period of pasture-grazed beef heifers.
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da Silva RM, da Silva Neto JR, Santos CS, Cruz KS, Frickmann H, Poppert S, Koshikene D, de Souza JVB. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of pre-incubated blood culture material for the rapid diagnosis of histoplasmosis. Med Mycol 2014; 53:160-4. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Soares LM, Macedo JO, de Azevedo EC, Santos CS, Sampaio MDQ, Santos ACD, Reis MGD, Athanazio DA. Immunomodulatory treatment with thalidomide in experimental leptospirosis in Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2013; 108:105-11. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trt112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Liu J, Gotoh T, Vila-Caballer M, Santos CS, Yang J, Finkielstein CV. Abstract P6-06-05: Down-regulation of the circadian factor Period 2 by the oncogenic E3 ligase Mdm2: Relevance of circadian components for cell cycle progression. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-p6-06-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are mechanisms that measure time on a scale of about 24 h and that adjusts our body to external environmental signals. Core circadian clock genes are defined as genes whose protein products are necessary components for the generation and regulation of circadian rhythms. Circadian proteins also regulate genes involved in either cell division or death; and a perturbation of the balance among these processes leads to cancer development and progression.
A key aspect of cancer research is identifying new regulatory pathways involved in proliferation and differentiation of cell. Disruption of circadian rhythm has recently emerged as a new potential risk factor in the development of cancer, pointing to the core gene period 2 (per2) as a tumor suppressor. However, it remains unclear how the circadian network regulates tumor suppression, nor which, if any, of its components is either the ultimate effector that influences the fate of the cell.
Initial experiments were devoted to identifying new interacting partners for Per2 using a two-hybrid system. Interestingly, among the positive clones analyzed was the oncogenic protein Mdm2. This result was validated by immunoprecipitation of recombinant and endogenous Per2/Mdm2 complexes from unstressed cells. Pull-down assays using tagged-expressed proteins fragments and labeled proteins were later used to map the interacting regions between Per2 and Mdm2. Our results show Mdm2 binds to the central flexible region of Per2 known to interact with various protein partners. Thus, we hypothesized that binding of Mdm2 to Per2 might act by mediating its ubiquitination and therefore altering Per2 stability. We next examined the formation of the Mdm2/p53/Per2 complex by immunoprecipitation. Our data show anti-p53 antibody is able to co-immunoprecipitate Per2 and Mdm2. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo ubiquitination assays show that binding of Per2 to p53 prevented ubiquitination of p53 by Mdm2 without altering their binding. Immunofluorescence studies using H1299 cells (p53-) confirmed Per2 role in p53 stabilization and for localization. Overall our results suggest that Mdm2 modulates the stability of Per2 and p53 in unstressed cells, and might be responsible for the oscillatory levels of these proteins observed in a 24 h cycle.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-06-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - T Gotoh
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | | | - J Yang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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Khoury P, Zagallo P, Talar-Williams C, Santos CS, Dinerman E, Holland NC, Klion AD. Serum biomarkers are similar in Churg-Strauss syndrome and hypereosinophilic syndrome. Allergy 2012; 67:1149-56. [PMID: 22775568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02873.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) overlap considerably in clinical presentation. A reliable means of distinguishing between these groups of patients is needed, especially in the setting of glucocorticoid therapy. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 276 adult subjects referred for evaluation of eosinophilia > 1500/μl was performed, and subjects with a documented secondary cause of eosinophilia or a PDGFR -positive myeloproliferative neoplasm were excluded. The remaining subjects were assessed for the presence of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. Laboratory and clinical parameters were compared between subjects with biopsy-proven vasculitis (CSS; n = 8), ≥4 ACR criteria (probable CSS; n = 21), HES with asthma and/or sinusitis without other CSS-defining criteria (HESwAS; n = 20), HES without asthma or sinusitis (HES; n = 18), and normal controls (n = 8). Serum biomarkers reported to be associated with CSS were measured using standard techniques. RESULTS There were no differences between the subjects with definite or probable CSS or HES with respect to age, gender, or maintenance steroid dose. Serum CCL17, IL-8, and eotaxin levels were significantly increased in eosinophilic subjects as compared to normal controls, but were similar between the eosinophilic groups. Serum CCL17 correlated with eosinophil count (P < 0.0001, r = 0.73), but not with prednisone dose. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a history of asthma and sinusitis, distinguishing between ANCA-negative CSS and PDGFR-negative HES is difficult because of significant overlap in clinical presentation and biomarker profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Khoury
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD; USA
| | - P. Zagallo
- Department of Immunobiology; University of Arizona; Tucson; AZ; USA
| | - C. Talar-Williams
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD; USA
| | - C. S. Santos
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD; USA
| | - E. Dinerman
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD; USA
| | - N. C. Holland
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP; SAIC-Frederick, Inc, NCI-Frederick; Frederick; MD; USA
| | - A. D. Klion
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda; MD; USA
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Villa LM, Santos CS, Cousins S, Finkielstein CV. P5-03-04: Circadian Modulation of Estrogen Receptor alpha Promoter Activity. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-03-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular mechanism that synchronizes environment variations with physiological changes. Disruption of the circadian clock has been linked to increased risk in diseases and a number of disorders (e.g. jet lag, insomnia, coronary heart disease and cancer). Period 2 (PER2), a circadian protein, is at the center of the clock's function. The complete loss of per2 has been shown to be common in several types of cancer including breast and ovarian. Epidemiological studies established a correlation between circadian disruption and the development of estrogen dependent tumors. The expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) mRNA oscillates in a 24-hour period and, unlike PER2, ERa peaks during the light phase of the day. Because up regulation of ER relates to tumor development, defining the mechanisms of ERa expression will contribute to our comprehension of cellular proliferation and regulation of normal developmental processes. The overall goal of this project is to investigate the molecular basis for circadian control of estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) transcription.
Transcriptional activation of ERa was measured using a reporter system in Chinese Hamster Ovary and MCF-7 cell lines. Data show that PER2 influence ERa transcription through a non-canonical mechanism independent of its circadian counterparts. Promoter analysis using the Alibaba 2.0 suite revealed the presence of various putative novel partners. Among them, OCT-1 was found to directly interact with Per2, in vitro, and with corresponding response element within the ERa promoter. The predicted binding site of OCT-1 is 267 bps upstream of the promoter. Pull-down assays were used to map direct interaction of various PER2 recombinant proteins and the DNA-binding domain of OCT-1. Radiolabeled OCT-1 was found to bind to the C-terminal end of PER2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to determine direct binding of OCT-1 to the promoter. ChIP assay confirmed the recruitment of PER2 to the estrogen promoter by OCT-1. Fluorescence anisotropy and surface plasmon resonance were employed to establish the binding affinity of OCT-1 to the ERa promoter and PER2. OCT-1 was found to have a high affinity for the ERa promoter (∼10 nM). Furthermore, OCT-1 recruits PER2 to the estrogen promoter. Preliminary data suggests that the transcription factor PER2 might play a role in the regulation of the estrogen promoter.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-03-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- LM Villa
- 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - CS Santos
- 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - S Cousins
- 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - CV Finkielstein
- 1Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Damasco PV, Gomes DLR, Melendez MG, Santos LS, Marinelli RS, Napoleão F, Sabbadini PS, Santos CS, Moreira LO, Hirata R. Concurrent diphtheria and infectious mononucleosis: difficulties for management, investigation and control of diphtheria in developing countries. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1685-1688. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.027870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Mattos-Guaraldi
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P. V. Damasco
- Disciplina de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Disciplina de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D. L. R. Gomes
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. G. Melendez
- Disciplina de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L. S. Santos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R. S. Marinelli
- Laboratório Central Noel Nutels, LACEN-SESDEC (Laboratório Central de Saúde Publica – Secretaria de Estado de Saúde e Defesa Civil), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F. Napoleão
- Laboratório Central Noel Nutels, LACEN-SESDEC (Laboratório Central de Saúde Publica – Secretaria de Estado de Saúde e Defesa Civil), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P. S. Sabbadini
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C. S. Santos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L. O. Moreira
- Disciplina de Patologia Geral, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R. Hirata
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dias AASO, Silva FC, Santos LS, Ribeiro-Carvalho MM, Sabbadini PS, Santos CS, Filardy AA, Myioshi A, Azevedo VA, Hirata R, Villas-Bôas MHS, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Strain-dependent arthritogenic potential of the zoonotic pathogen Corynebacterium ulcerans. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:323-31. [PMID: 21742447 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade the majority of diphtheria cases in Europe had Corynebacterium ulcerans as the etiologic agent with dogs and cats as the reservoir hosts. However, little has been documented about the virulence factors of this zoonotic pathogen. To set up an in vivo experimental C. ulcerans infection model, conventional Swiss Webster mice were intravenously infected with different doses (from 1 × 10(7) to 5 × 10(9) bacteria per mouse) of C. ulcerans strains, namely 809 (from human lower respiratory tract), BR-AD22 (from asymptomatic dog nares) and CDC-KC279. Mortality rates were demonstrated by LD(50) values ranging from 1.9 × 10(8) to 1.3 × 10(9). Viable bacteria were recovered from blood, kidneys, liver, spleen and joints. For CDC-KC279 and 809 strains (2 × 10(8)mL(-1)) approximately 85% and 72% of animals with articular lesions were observed, respectively; BR-AD22-infected mice showed no signs of arthritis. CDC-KC279 and 809 strains exhibited higher arthritogenic potential when compared to the homologous toxigenic (ATCC27012) and non-toxigenic (ATCC27010) strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. A high number of affected joints and arthritis index in addition to the histopathological features, including subcutaneous edema, inflammatory infiltrate, damage to bone tissue and synoviocyte hypertrophy, indicated a strain-dependent ability of C. ulcerans strains to cause severe polyarthritis. A correlation between the arthritis index and systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was observed for C. ulcerans strains, with the exception of the non-arthritogenic BR-AD22 strain. In conclusion, C. ulcerans revealed a strain-dependent arthritogenic potential independent of DNAse, PLD and diphtheria toxin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A S O Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária/Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
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Hirata R, Pacheco LG, Soares SC, Santos LS, Moreira LO, Sabbadini PS, Santos CS, Miyoshi A, Azevedo VA, Mattos-Guaraldi AL. Similarity of rpoB gene sequences of sucrose-fermenting and non-fermenting Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 99:733-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nascimento DV, Lemes EMB, Queiroz JLS, Silva JG, Nascimento HJ, Silva ED, Hirata R, Dias AASO, Santos CS, Pereira GMB, Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Armoa GRG. Expression and purification of the immunogenically active fragment B of the Park Williams 8 Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain toxin. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:460-6. [PMID: 20490433 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of a hexahistidine-tagged version of the B fragment of diphtheria toxin (DTB) represents an important step in the study of the biological properties of DTB because it will permit the production of pure recombinant DTB (rDTB) in less time and with higher yields than currently available. In the present study, the genomic DNA of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae Park Williams 8 (PW8) vaccine strain was used as a template for PCR amplification of the dtb gene. After amplification, the dtb gene was cloned and expressed in competent Escherichia coli M15 cells using the expression vector pQE-30. The lysate obtained from transformed E. coli cells containing the rDTB PW8 was clarified by centrifugation and purified by affinity chromatography. The homogeneity of the purified rDTB PW8 was confirmed by immunoblotting using mouse polyclonal anti-diphtheria toxoid antibodies and the immune response induced in animals with rDTB PW8 was evaluated by ELISA and dermonecrotic neutralization assays. The main result of the present study was an alternative and accessible method for the expression and purification of immunogenically reactive rDTB PW8 using commercially available systems. Data also provided preliminary evidence that rabbits immunized with rDTB PW8 are able to mount a neutralizing response against the challenge with toxigenic C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Nascimento
- Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Vinyoles D, Robalo JI, De Sostoa A, Almodóvar A, Elvira B, Nicola GG, Fernández-Delgado C, Santos CS, Doadrio I, Sardà-Palomera F, Almada VC. Expansión del alburno Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) en la península Ibérica: el papel de los embalses. GRAELLSIA 2009. [DOI: 10.3989/graellsia.2007.v63.i1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mattos-Guaraldi AL, Sampaio JLM, Santos CS, Pimenta FP, Pereira GA, Pacheco LGC, Miyoshi A, Azevedo V, Moreira LO, Gutierrez FL, Costa JLF, Costa-Filho R, Damasco PV, Camello TCF, Hirata Jr R. First detection of Corynebacterium ulcerans producing a diphtheria-like toxin in a case of human with pulmonary infection in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2008; 103:396-400. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762008000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - JLM Sampaio
- Fleury Centro de Medicina Diagnóstica, Brasil
| | - CS Santos
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - FP Pimenta
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - GA Pereira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - LGC Pacheco
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - A Miyoshi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - V Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - LO Moreira
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - PV Damasco
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - TCF Camello
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - R Hirata Jr
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Souza EA, Andrea MV, Santos CS, Paranhos da Costa MJR, Bittencourt TCBSC, Marcondes CR. Relações materno-filiais e sua influência no peso pré-desmama de animais nelore da bahia*. ARCH ZOOTEC 2008. [DOI: 10.21071/az.v58i224.5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as relações materno-filiais em animais Nelore PO (Puro de Origem) e Nelore CL (Cara Limpa), no Estado da Bahia. A composição genética não influenciou na LP (latência para ficar em pé) e apresentou valores médios de 71 e 52 minutos para o Nelore PO e Nelore CL, respectivamente. Na LPTM (latência para tentar mamar após fica em pé) foram observados valores médios de 39 minutos para o Nelore PO e 18 minutos para Nelore CL. Para variável TCC (tempo de contato com a cria), tanto as vacas PO quanto as CL obtiveram classe 4 (mantiveram em média de 60 a 80% de contato com a cria). O P120 (peso aos 120 dias), mostrou valores médios de 122,3 kg e 122,7 kg, respectivamente para PO e CL. Conclui-se que os comportamentos materno-filiais não sofreram diferenças em relação aos rebanhos para a maioria das variáveis estudadas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem continuidade na pesquisa em busca de elementos que possam servir de parâmetro tecnológico a ser aplicado ao Estado da Bahia.
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Santos CS, Rigotto C, Simoes C, Barardi C. Detection of Viable Rotaviruses in Shellfish by means of Cell Culture and Immunofluorescence Assay. J Food Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maciel P, Costa MC, Ferro A, Rousseau M, Santos CS, Gaspar C, Barros J, Rouleau GA, Coutinho P, Sequeiros J. Improvement in the molecular diagnosis of Machado-Joseph disease. Arch Neurol 2001; 58:1821-7. [PMID: 11708990 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.58.11.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct detection of the gene mutation allows for the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia worldwide. OBJECTIVE To address the main difficulties in our national MJD predictive testing program. The first was the emergence of intermediate alleles, for which it is not yet possible to determine whether they will cause disease. The second was the issue of homoallelism, ie, homozygosity for 2 normal alleles with exactly the same (CAG)(n) length, which occurs in about 10% of all test results. METHODS A large pedigree with 1 affected patient carrying a 71 and a 51 CAG repeat and 2 asymptomatic relatives carrying the 51 CAG repeat and normal-size alleles underwent clinical and molecular studies. Intragenic haplotypes for these alleles were determined. A representative sample of the healthy population in the region was obtained to assess the distribution of the normal (CAG)(n) length. We established the genotype for 4 intragenic polymorphisms in the gene for MJD (MJD1) in 21 homoallelic individuals, to distinguish their 2 normal chromosomes. In addition, we developed a new Southern blot method to completely exclude cases of nonamplification of expanded alleles in the homoallelic individuals. RESULTS The study of the family in which the 51 CAG repeat was found suggests that the allele is apparently not associated with disease. These intermediate alleles were not present in a large sample of the healthy population from the same region. Intragenic polymorphisms allowed distinction of the 2 different normal alleles in all cases of homoallelism. The absence of an expanded allele was also confirmed by Southern blot. CONCLUSIONS We propose an improved protocol for molecular testing for MJD. These strategies, developed to overcome the practical difficulties mostly in the presymptomatic and prenatal diagnosis of MJD, should prove useful for other polyglutamine-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maciel
- UnIGENe, IBMC, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Intravenous valproate has been suggested for the treatment of status epilepticus in part because of its relatively good cardiovascular safety profile. We report a case of severe hypotension associated with intravenous valproate used to treat status epilepticus in an 11-year-old girl. Valproate 960 mg (30 mg/kg) was infused over 1 hour. The patient's blood pressure decreased from a baseline of 130/80 mm Hg to 70/55 mm Hg, 39 minutes into the infusion. Although her seizures stopped, her blood pressure fluctuated between 90/60 mm Hg and 60/30 mm Hg over the next several hours, requiring treatment with intravenous fluids and pressor therapy. Endotracheal intubation eventually was performed. Once her blood pressure stabilized, the patient improved clinically. To our knowledge, this is the first report of significant hypotension associated with intravenous valproate in the treatment of status epilepticus in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R White
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Souza WJ, Sabroza PC, Santos CS, de Sousa E, Henrique MF, Coutinho SG. Montenegro skin tests for American cutaneous leishmaniasis carried out on school children in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: An indicator of transmission risk. Acta Trop 1992; 52:111-9. [PMID: 1363175 DOI: 10.1016/0001-706x(92)90026-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Montenegro skin tests were carried out in 1985 and 1987 on two groups of school children in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Group A consisted of 449 children residing in the Jacarepagua district, in areas where transmission of human and canine American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has been high; this group was considered to be the one at greatest risk of acquiring the infection through L. braziliensis. Group B consisted of 282 children from Bonsucesso, a suburb of Rio de Janeiro that is at a considerable distance from any area where ACL is endemic; this was a lowest risk group, and was thus used as a control. Analysis of the cutaneous test results showed that in Group A, 8.9% of the sample tested positive, whereas in Group B the result was only 2.1%. In group A there were no significant differences in the proportion of positives when analysed according to sex, age and the year when the tests were carried out. A study of the effects associated with place of residence together with other variables was carried out using log-linear regression analysis. It showed that effects arising from place of residence were maintained; that this was the only significant effect; and that it was independent of other variables. The testing of school children using the Montenegro intradermal test was shown to be a useful procedure in the characterization of localities in which there is a risk of ACL infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Souza
- Department of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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